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Abu Mohd Naser
Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory Global Diabetes Research Center (A.M.N.), Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA

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Research article
Published: 01 June 2021 in Hypertension
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We evaluated the relationship between estimated 24-hour urinary sodium excretion from the Kawasaki, Tanaka, and INTERSALT (International Study of Sodium, Potassium, and Blood Pressure) formulas and blood pressure (BP). We pooled 10 034 person-visit data from 3 cohort studies in Bangladesh that had measured 24-hour urine sodium (m-24hUNa), potassium, creatinine excretion, and BP. We used m-24hUNa, potassium, and creatinine where necessary, rather than spot urine values in the formulas. Bland-Altman plots were used to determine the bias associated with formula-estimated sodium relative to m-24hUNa. We compared the sodium excretion and BP relationships from m-24hUNa versus formula-estimated sodium excretions, using restricted cubic spline plots for adjusted multilevel linear models. All formulas overestimated 24-hour sodium at lower levels but underestimated 24-hour sodium at higher levels. There was a linear relationship between m-24hUNa excretion and systolic BP, while estimated sodium excretion from all 3 formulas had a J-shaped relationship with systolic BP. The relationships between urine sodium excretion and diastolic BP were more complex but were also altered by using formulas. All formulas had associations with BP when a sex-specific constant sodium concentration was inserted in place of measured sodium. Since we used the m-24hUNa, potassium, and creatinine concentrations in formulas, the J-shaped relationships are due to intrinsic problems in the formulas, not due to spot urine sampling. Formula-estimated 24-hour urine sodium excretion should not be used to examine the relationship between sodium excretion and BP since they alter the real associations.

ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Feng J. He; Mahbubur Rahman; Norm R.C. Campbell. Spot Urine Formulas to Estimate 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Alter the Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure Relationship. Hypertension 2021, 77, 2127 -2137.

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Feng J. He, Mahbubur Rahman, Norm R.C. Campbell. Spot Urine Formulas to Estimate 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Alter the Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure Relationship. Hypertension. 2021; 77 (6):2127-2137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Feng J. He; Mahbubur Rahman; Norm R.C. Campbell. 2021. "Spot Urine Formulas to Estimate 24-Hour Urinary Sodium Excretion Alter the Dietary Sodium and Blood Pressure Relationship." Hypertension 77, no. 6: 2127-2137.

Review
Published: 10 February 2021
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Background Small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements (SQ-LNS) have been shown to reduce the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency among infants and young children, but effects on other micronutrients are less well known. Identifying subgroups who may experience greater benefits from SQ-LNS, or who are more likely to respond to the intervention, may facilitate the development of public health policies and programs. Objective Our objective was to identify study-level and individual-level modifiers of the effect of SQ-LNS on child hematological and micronutrient status outcomes. Methods We conducted a two-stage meta-analysis of individual participant data from 13 randomized controlled trials of SQ-LNS provided to children 6 to 24 months of age in low- and middle-income countries (n = 15,946). Outcomes were hemoglobin (Hb), inflammation-adjusted plasma ferritin, soluble transferrin receptor, zinc, retinol and retinol binding protein (RBP), and erythrocyte zinc protoporphyrin, and respective dichotomous outcomes indicative of anemia and micronutrient deficiency. We generated study-specific estimates of SQ-LNS vs. control, including main effects and subgroup estimates for individual-level effect modifiers, and pooled the estimates using fixed-effects models. We used random effects meta-regression to examine potential study-level effect modifiers. Results Provision of SQ-LNS decreased the prevalence of anemia (Hb < 110 g/L) by 16% (relative reduction), iron deficiency (plasma ferritin < 12 µg/L) by 56% and iron deficiency anemia (IDA; Hb < 110 g/L and plasma ferritin < 12 µg/L) by 64%. We observed positive effects of SQ-LNS on hematological and iron status outcomes within all subgroups of the study-level and individual-level effect modifiers, but effects were larger in certain subgroups. For example, effects of SQ-LNS on anemia and iron status were greater in trials that provided SQ-LNS for > 12 months and provided 9 mg/d vs. < 9 mg iron/d, and among later-born (vs. first-born) children. There was no effect of SQ-LNS on plasma zinc or retinol, but there was a 7% increase in plasma RBP and a 56% reduction in vitamin A deficiency (RBP < 0.70 µmol/L), with little evidence of effect modification by individual-level characteristics. Conclusions SQ-LNS provided to infants and young children 6-24 months of age can substantially reduce the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency, and IDA across a range of individual, population and study design characteristics. Policy-makers and program planners should consider SQ-LNS within intervention packages to prevent anemia and iron deficiency. This study was registered at www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO as CRD42020156663.

ACS Style

K. Ryan Wessells; Charles D. Arnold; Christine P. Stewart; Elizabeth L. Prado; Souheila Abbeddou; Seth Adu-Afarwuah; Benjamin F. Arnold; Per Ashorn; Ulla Ashorn; Elodie Becquey; Kenneth H. Brown; Kendra A. Byrd; Rebecca K. Campbell; Parul Christian; Lia C.H. Fernald; Yue-Mei Fan; Emanuela Galasso; Sonja Y. Hess; Lieven Huybregts; Josh M. Jorgensen; Marion Kiprotich; Emma Kortekangas; Anna Lartey; Agnes Le Port; Jef L. Leroy; Audrie Lin; Kenneth Maleta; Susana L. Matias; Mduduzi Nn Mbuya; Malay K. Mridha; Kuda Mutasa; Abu Mohd. Naser; Rina R. Paul; Harriet Okronipa; Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo; Amy J. Pickering; Mahbubur Rahman; Kerry Schulze; Laura E. Smith; Ann M. Weber; Amanda Zongrone; Kathryn G. Dewey. Characteristics that modify the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation on child anemia and micronutrient status: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

K. Ryan Wessells, Charles D. Arnold, Christine P. Stewart, Elizabeth L. Prado, Souheila Abbeddou, Seth Adu-Afarwuah, Benjamin F. Arnold, Per Ashorn, Ulla Ashorn, Elodie Becquey, Kenneth H. Brown, Kendra A. Byrd, Rebecca K. Campbell, Parul Christian, Lia C.H. Fernald, Yue-Mei Fan, Emanuela Galasso, Sonja Y. Hess, Lieven Huybregts, Josh M. Jorgensen, Marion Kiprotich, Emma Kortekangas, Anna Lartey, Agnes Le Port, Jef L. Leroy, Audrie Lin, Kenneth Maleta, Susana L. Matias, Mduduzi Nn Mbuya, Malay K. Mridha, Kuda Mutasa, Abu Mohd. Naser, Rina R. Paul, Harriet Okronipa, Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo, Amy J. Pickering, Mahbubur Rahman, Kerry Schulze, Laura E. Smith, Ann M. Weber, Amanda Zongrone, Kathryn G. Dewey. Characteristics that modify the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation on child anemia and micronutrient status: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

K. Ryan Wessells; Charles D. Arnold; Christine P. Stewart; Elizabeth L. Prado; Souheila Abbeddou; Seth Adu-Afarwuah; Benjamin F. Arnold; Per Ashorn; Ulla Ashorn; Elodie Becquey; Kenneth H. Brown; Kendra A. Byrd; Rebecca K. Campbell; Parul Christian; Lia C.H. Fernald; Yue-Mei Fan; Emanuela Galasso; Sonja Y. Hess; Lieven Huybregts; Josh M. Jorgensen; Marion Kiprotich; Emma Kortekangas; Anna Lartey; Agnes Le Port; Jef L. Leroy; Audrie Lin; Kenneth Maleta; Susana L. Matias; Mduduzi Nn Mbuya; Malay K. Mridha; Kuda Mutasa; Abu Mohd. Naser; Rina R. Paul; Harriet Okronipa; Jean-Bosco Ouédraogo; Amy J. Pickering; Mahbubur Rahman; Kerry Schulze; Laura E. Smith; Ann M. Weber; Amanda Zongrone; Kathryn G. Dewey. 2021. "Characteristics that modify the effect of small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplementation on child anemia and micronutrient status: an individual participant data meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials." , no. : 1.

Epidemiology
Published: 15 September 2020 in Journal of the American Heart Association
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Background We compared the relationship of past and contemporary sodium (Na) intake with cardiometabolic biomarkers. Methods and Results A total of 1191 participants' data from a randomized controlled trial in coastal Bangladesh were analyzed. Participants provided 24‐hour urine Na (24UNa) data for 5 monthly visits. Their fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein, blood pressure, and 24‐hour urine protein were measured at the fifth visit. Participants' mean 24UNa over the first 4 visits was the past Na, and 24UNa of the fifth visit was the contemporary Na intake. We estimated the prevalence ratios of elevated cardiometabolic biomarkers and metabolic syndrome across 24UNa tertiles by multilevel logistic regression using participant‐, household‐, and community‐level random intercepts. Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, physical activity, alcohol consumption, sleep hours, religion, and household wealth. Compared with participants in tertile 1 of past urine Na, those in tertile 3 had 1.46 (95% CI, 1.08–1.99) times higher prevalence of prediabetes or diabetes mellitus, 5.49 (95% CI, 2.73–11.01) times higher prevalence of large waist circumference, and 1.60 (95% CI, 1.04–2.46) times higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome. Compared with participants in tertile 1 of contemporary urine Na, those in tertile 3 had 1.93 (95% CI, 1.24–3.00) times higher prevalence of prediabetes or diabetes mellitus, 3.14 (95% CI, 1.45–6.83) times higher prevalence of proteinuria, and 2.23 (95% CI, 1.34–3.71) times higher prevalence of large waist circumference. Conclusions Both past and contemporary Na intakes were associated with higher cardiometabolic disease risk.

ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Solaiman Doza; Shahjada Selim; Monjila Chaity; Stephen P. Luby; Shuchi Anand; Lisa Staimez; Thomas F. Clasen; Unjali P. Gujral; Matthew O. Gribble; K. M. Venkat Narayan. Past Sodium Intake, Contemporary Sodium Intake, and Cardiometabolic Health in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh. Journal of the American Heart Association 2020, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Mahbubur Rahman, Leanne Unicomb, Solaiman Doza, Shahjada Selim, Monjila Chaity, Stephen P. Luby, Shuchi Anand, Lisa Staimez, Thomas F. Clasen, Unjali P. Gujral, Matthew O. Gribble, K. M. Venkat Narayan. Past Sodium Intake, Contemporary Sodium Intake, and Cardiometabolic Health in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2020; 9 (18):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Solaiman Doza; Shahjada Selim; Monjila Chaity; Stephen P. Luby; Shuchi Anand; Lisa Staimez; Thomas F. Clasen; Unjali P. Gujral; Matthew O. Gribble; K. M. Venkat Narayan. 2020. "Past Sodium Intake, Contemporary Sodium Intake, and Cardiometabolic Health in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh." Journal of the American Heart Association 9, no. 18: 1.

Journal article
Published: 11 September 2020 in Nutrients
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We compared the sodium intake and systolic blood pressure (SBP) relationship from complete 24-h urine samples determined by several methods: self-reported no-missed urine, creatinine index ≥0.7, measured 24-h urine creatinine (mCER) within 25% and 15% of Kawasaki predicted urine creatinine, and sex-specific mCER ranges (mCER 15–25 mg/kg/24-h for men; 10–20 mg/kg/24-h for women). We pooled 10,031 BP and 24-h urine sodium data from 2143 participants. We implemented multilevel linear models to illustrate the shape of the sodium–BP relationship using the restricted cubic spline (RCS) plots, and to assess the difference in mean SBP for a 100 mmol increase in 24-h urine sodium. The RCS plot illustrated an initial steep positive sodium–SBP relationship for all methods, followed by a less steep positive relationship for self-reported no-missed urine, creatinine index ≥0.7, and sex-specific mCER ranges; and a plateaued relationship for the two Kawasaki methods. Each 100 mmol/24-h increase in urinary sodium was associated with 0.64 (95% CI: 0.34, 0.94) mmHg higher SBP for self-reported no-missed urine, 0.68 (95% CI: 0.27, 1.08) mmHg higher SBP for creatinine index ≥0.7, 0.87 (95% CI: 0.07, 1.67) mmHg higher SBP for mCER within 25% Kawasaki predicted urine creatinine, 0.98 (95% CI: −0.07, 2.02) mmHg change in SBP for mCER within 15% Kawasaki predicted urine creatinine, and 1.96 (95% CI: 0.93, 2.99) mmHg higher SBP for sex-specific mCER ranges. Studies examining 24-h urine sodium in relation to health outcomes will have different results based on how urine collections are deemed as complete.

ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Feng J. He; Mahbubur Rahman; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Norm R. C. Campbell. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure Relationship across Methods of Evaluating the Completeness of 24-h Urine Collections. Nutrients 2020, 12, 2772 .

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Feng J. He, Mahbubur Rahman, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Norm R. C. Campbell. Urinary Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure Relationship across Methods of Evaluating the Completeness of 24-h Urine Collections. Nutrients. 2020; 12 (9):2772.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Feng J. He; Mahbubur Rahman; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Norm R. C. Campbell. 2020. "Urinary Sodium Excretion and Blood Pressure Relationship across Methods of Evaluating the Completeness of 24-h Urine Collections." Nutrients 12, no. 9: 2772.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 12 July 2020 in International Journal of Epidemiology
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Background Drinking-water salinity has been associated with high blood pressure (BP) among communities in south-west coastal Bangladesh. We evaluated whether access to water from managed aquifer recharge (MAR)—a hydrogeological intervention to lower groundwater salinity by infiltrating rainwater into the aquifers—can reduce community BP. Methods We conducted a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial with five monthly visits between December 2016 and April 2017 in 16 communities. At each visit following baseline, four communities were randomized to access MAR water. Systolic BP was the primary outcome, measured during each visit using Omron® HEM–907 devices. We also measured participants’ 24-hour urinary sodium and households’ drinking- and cooking-water salinity each visit. We used multilevel regression models to estimate the effects of MAR-water access on participants’ BP. The primary analysis was intention-to-treat. Results In total, 2911 person-visits were conducted in communities randomized to have MAR-water access and 2834 in communities without MAR-water access. Households without MAR-water access predominantly used low-salinity pond water and 42% (range: 26–50% across visits) of households exclusively consumed MAR water when access was provided. Communities randomized to MAR-water access had 10.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11, 19.58] mmol/day higher mean urinary sodium, 1.96 (95% CI: 0.66, 3.26; p = 0.004) mmHg higher mean systolic BP and 1.44 (95% CI: 0.40, 2.48; p = 0.007) mmHg higher mean diastolic BP than communities without MAR-water access. Conclusions Our findings do not support the scale-up of MAR systems as a routine drinking-water source, since communities that shifted to MAR water from the lower-salinity pond-water source had higher urinary sodium and BP.

ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Solaiman Doza; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Kazi M Ahmed; Shuchi Anand; Shahjada Selim; Mohammad Shamsudduha; K M Venkat Narayan; Howard Chang; Thomas F Clasen; Matthew O Gribble; Stephen P Luby. Consequences of access to water from managed aquifer recharge systems for blood pressure and proteinuria in south-west coastal Bangladesh: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial. International Journal of Epidemiology 2020, 50, 916 -928.

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Solaiman Doza, Mahbubur Rahman, Leanne Unicomb, Kazi M Ahmed, Shuchi Anand, Shahjada Selim, Mohammad Shamsudduha, K M Venkat Narayan, Howard Chang, Thomas F Clasen, Matthew O Gribble, Stephen P Luby. Consequences of access to water from managed aquifer recharge systems for blood pressure and proteinuria in south-west coastal Bangladesh: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial. International Journal of Epidemiology. 2020; 50 (3):916-928.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Solaiman Doza; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Kazi M Ahmed; Shuchi Anand; Shahjada Selim; Mohammad Shamsudduha; K M Venkat Narayan; Howard Chang; Thomas F Clasen; Matthew O Gribble; Stephen P Luby. 2020. "Consequences of access to water from managed aquifer recharge systems for blood pressure and proteinuria in south-west coastal Bangladesh: a stepped-wedge cluster-randomized trial." International Journal of Epidemiology 50, no. 3: 916-928.

Journal article
Published: 03 February 2020 in GeoHealth
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We evaluated the relationship of drinking water salinity to neonatal and infant mortality using Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys of 2000, 2004, 2007, 2011, and 2014. Point data of groundwater electrical conductivity (EC)- a measure of salinity-were collated from the Bangladesh Water Development Board and digitizing salinity contour map. Data for groundwater dissolved elements (sodium, calcium, magnesium, and potassium) data came from a national hydrochemistry survey in Bangladesh. Point EC and dissolved minerals data were then interpolated over entire Bangladesh and extracted to each cluster location, the primary sampling unit of Bangladesh Demographic Health Surveys. We used restricted cubic splines and survey design-specific logistic regression models to determine the relationship of water salinity to neonatal and infant mortality. A U-shaped association between drinking water salinity and neonatal and infant mortality was found, suggesting higher mortality when salinity was very low and high. Compared to mildly saline (EC ≥0.7 and < 2 mS/cm) water drinkers, freshwater (EC < 0.7 mS/cm) drinkers had 1.37 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.84) times higher neonatal mortality and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.08, 1.89) times higher infant mortality. Compared to mildly saline water drinkers, severe-saline (EC ≥10 mS/cm) water drinkers had 1.77 (95% CI: 1.17, 2.68) times higher neonatal mortality and 1.93 (95% CI: 1.35, 2.76) times higher infant mortality. We found that mild-salinity water had a high concentration of calcium and magnesium, whereas severe-salinity water had a high concentration of sodium. Freshwater had the least concentrations of salubrious calcium and magnesium.

ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Qiao Wang; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Gnanaraj Chellaraj; George Joseph. Modeling the Relationship of Groundwater Salinity to Neonatal and Infant Mortality From the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2000 to 2014. GeoHealth 2020, 4, 1 .

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Qiao Wang, Mohammad Shamsudduha, Gnanaraj Chellaraj, George Joseph. Modeling the Relationship of Groundwater Salinity to Neonatal and Infant Mortality From the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2000 to 2014. GeoHealth. 2020; 4 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Qiao Wang; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Gnanaraj Chellaraj; George Joseph. 2020. "Modeling the Relationship of Groundwater Salinity to Neonatal and Infant Mortality From the Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey 2000 to 2014." GeoHealth 4, no. 2: 1.

Research article
Published: 05 November 2019 in Journal of the American Heart Association
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Background We compared the relationship between sodium (Na) intake and blood pressure when Na intake was estimated from first‐ and second‐morning spot urine samples using the INTERSALT (International Study on Salt and Blood Pressure) formula, versus directly measured 24‐hour samples. Methods and Results We collected 24‐hour urine and first‐ and second‐morning voids of 383 participants in coastal Bangladesh for 2 visits. We measured participants’ blood pressure using an Omron ® HEM–907 monitor. To assess the shape of the relationship between urinary Na and blood pressure, we created restricted cubic spline plots adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption, physical activities, religion, sleep hours, and household wealth. To assess multicollinearity, we reported variance inflation factors, tolerances, and Leamer's and Klein's statistics following linear regression models. The mean daily urinary Na was 122 (SD 26) mmol/d for the first; 122 (SD 27) mmol/d for the second; and 134 (SD 70) mmol/d for the 24‐hour samples. The restricted cubic spline plots illustrated no association between first‐morning urinary Na and systolic blood pressure until the 90th percentile distribution followed by a downward relationship; a nonlinear inverse‐V‐shaped relationship between second‐morning urinary Na and systolic blood pressure; and a monotonic upward relationship between 24‐hour urinary Na and systolic blood pressure. We found no evidence of multicollinearity for the 24‐hour urinary Na model. Conclusions The urinary Na and systolic blood pressure relationship varied for 3 urinary Na measurements. Twenty‐four‐hour urinary Na captured more variability of Na intake compared with spot urine samples, and its regression models were not affected by multicollinearity.

ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Solaiman Doza; Shuchi Anand; Howard H. Chang; Stephen P. Luby; Thomas F. Clasen; K.M. Venkat Narayan. Comparison of Urinary Sodium and Blood Pressure Relationship From the Spot Versus 24‐Hour Urine Samples. Journal of the American Heart Association 2019, 8, e013287 .

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Mahbubur Rahman, Leanne Unicomb, Solaiman Doza, Shuchi Anand, Howard H. Chang, Stephen P. Luby, Thomas F. Clasen, K.M. Venkat Narayan. Comparison of Urinary Sodium and Blood Pressure Relationship From the Spot Versus 24‐Hour Urine Samples. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2019; 8 (21):e013287.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Solaiman Doza; Shuchi Anand; Howard H. Chang; Stephen P. Luby; Thomas F. Clasen; K.M. Venkat Narayan. 2019. "Comparison of Urinary Sodium and Blood Pressure Relationship From the Spot Versus 24‐Hour Urine Samples." Journal of the American Heart Association 8, no. 21: e013287.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Background: We assessed the association of groundwater chemicals with systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Methods: Blood pressure data for ≥35-year-olds were from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey in 2011. Groundwater chemicals in 3534 well water samples from Bangladesh were measured by the British Geological Survey (BGS) in 1998-1999. Participants who reported groundwater as their primary source of drinking water were assigned chemical measures from the nearest BGS well. Survey-adjusted linear regression methods were used to assess the association of each groundwater chemical with the log-transformed blood pressure of the participants. Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, geographical region, household wealth, rural or urban residence, and educational attainment, and further adjusted for all other groundwater chemicals. Results: One standard deviation (SD) increase in groundwater magnesium was associated with a 0.992 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.986, 0.998) geometric mean ratio (GMR) of SBP and a 0.991 (95% CI: 0.985, 0.996) GMR of DBP when adjusted for covariates except groundwater chemicals. When additionally adjusted for groundwater chemicals, one SD increase in groundwater magnesium was associated with a 0.984 (95% CI: 0.972, 0.997) GMR of SBP and a 0.990 (95% CI: 0.979, 1.000) GMR of DBP. However, associations were attenuated following Bonferroni-correction for multiple chemical comparisons in the full-adjusted model. Groundwater concentrations of calcium, potassium, silicon, sulfate, barium, zinc, manganese, and iron were not associated with SBP or DBP in the full-adjusted models. Conclusions: Groundwater magnesium had a weak association with lower SBP and DBP of the participants.

ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Thomas F. Clasen; Stephen P. Luby; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Kazi Matin Ahmed; Solaiman Doza; Shadassa Ourshalimian; Howard H. Chang; Jennifer D. Stowell; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Shivani A. Patel; Bethany O’Shea; Matthew O. Gribble. Groundwater Chemistry and Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2289 .

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Thomas F. Clasen, Stephen P. Luby, Mahbubur Rahman, Leanne Unicomb, Kazi Matin Ahmed, Solaiman Doza, Shadassa Ourshalimian, Howard H. Chang, Jennifer D. Stowell, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Mohammad Shamsudduha, Shivani A. Patel, Bethany O’Shea, Matthew O. Gribble. Groundwater Chemistry and Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (13):2289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Thomas F. Clasen; Stephen P. Luby; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Kazi Matin Ahmed; Solaiman Doza; Shadassa Ourshalimian; Howard H. Chang; Jennifer D. Stowell; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Shivani A. Patel; Bethany O’Shea; Matthew O. Gribble. 2019. "Groundwater Chemistry and Blood Pressure: A Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 13: 2289.

Article commentary
Published: 13 June 2019 in Environmental Science & Technology
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ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Thomas F. Clasen; K. M. Venkat Narayan. Letter to the Editor Regarding, “The Unintended Consequences of the Reverse Osmosis Revolution”. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53, 7173 -7174.

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Mohammad Shamsudduha, Thomas F. Clasen, K. M. Venkat Narayan. Letter to the Editor Regarding, “The Unintended Consequences of the Reverse Osmosis Revolution”. Environmental Science & Technology. 2019; 53 (13):7173-7174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Thomas F. Clasen; K. M. Venkat Narayan. 2019. "Letter to the Editor Regarding, “The Unintended Consequences of the Reverse Osmosis Revolution”." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 13: 7173-7174.

Research article
Published: 07 May 2019 in Journal of the American Heart Association
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Background Sodium (Na + ) in saline water may increase blood pressure ( BP ), but potassium (K + ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), and magnesium (Mg 2+ ) may lower BP . We assessed the association between drinking water salinity and population BP . Methods and Results We pooled 6487 BP measurements from 2 cohorts in coastal Bangladesh. We used multilevel linear models to estimate BP differences across water salinity categories: fresh water (electrical conductivity, <0.7 mS/cm), mild salinity (electrical conductivity ≥0.7 and <2 mS/cm), and moderate salinity (electrical conductivity ≥2 and <10 mS/cm). We assessed whether salinity categories were associated with hypertension using multilevel multinomial logistic models. Models included participant‐, household‐, and community‐level random intercepts. Models were adjusted for age, sex, body mass index ( BMI ), physical activity, smoking, household wealth, alcohol consumption, sleep hours, religion, and salt consumption. We evaluated the 24‐hour urinary minerals across salinity categories, and the associations between urinary minerals and BP using multilevel linear models. Compared with fresh water drinkers, mild‐salinity water drinkers had lower mean systolic BP (−1.55 [95% CI : −3.22–0.12] mm Hg) and lower mean diastolic BP (−1.26 [95% CI : −2.21–−0.32] mm Hg) adjusted models. The adjusted odds ratio among mild‐salinity water drinkers for stage 1 hypertension was 0.60 (95% CI : 0.43–0.84) and for stage 2 hypertension was 0.56 (95% CI : 0.46–0.89). Mild‐salinity water drinkers had high urinary Ca 2+ , and Mg 2+ , and both urinary Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ were associated with lower BP. Conclusions Drinking mild‐salinity water was associated with lower BP , which can be explained by higher intake of Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ through saline water.

ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Solaiman Doza; Mohammed Shahid Gazi; Gazi Raisul Alam; Mohammed Rabiul Karim; Mohammad Nasir Uddin; Golam Kibria Khan; Kazi Matin Ahmed; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Shuchi Anand; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Howard H. Chang; Stephen P. Luby; Matthew Gribble; Thomas F. Clasen. Drinking Water Salinity, Urinary Macro‐Mineral Excretions, and Blood Pressure in the Southwest Coastal Population of Bangladesh. Journal of the American Heart Association 2019, 8, e012007 .

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Mahbubur Rahman, Leanne Unicomb, Solaiman Doza, Mohammed Shahid Gazi, Gazi Raisul Alam, Mohammed Rabiul Karim, Mohammad Nasir Uddin, Golam Kibria Khan, Kazi Matin Ahmed, Mohammad Shamsudduha, Shuchi Anand, K. M. Venkat Narayan, Howard H. Chang, Stephen P. Luby, Matthew Gribble, Thomas F. Clasen. Drinking Water Salinity, Urinary Macro‐Mineral Excretions, and Blood Pressure in the Southwest Coastal Population of Bangladesh. Journal of the American Heart Association. 2019; 8 (9):e012007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; Solaiman Doza; Mohammed Shahid Gazi; Gazi Raisul Alam; Mohammed Rabiul Karim; Mohammad Nasir Uddin; Golam Kibria Khan; Kazi Matin Ahmed; Mohammad Shamsudduha; Shuchi Anand; K. M. Venkat Narayan; Howard H. Chang; Stephen P. Luby; Matthew Gribble; Thomas F. Clasen. 2019. "Drinking Water Salinity, Urinary Macro‐Mineral Excretions, and Blood Pressure in the Southwest Coastal Population of Bangladesh." Journal of the American Heart Association 8, no. 9: e012007.

Research article
Published: 17 January 2019 in Environmental Science & Technology
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We evaluated the effectiveness of a sand barrier around latrine pits in reducing fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) leaching into shallow groundwater. We constructed 68 new offset single pit pour flush latrines in the Galachipa subdistrict of coastal Bangladesh. We randomly assigned 34 latrines to include a 50 cm thick sand barrier under and around the pit and 34 received no sand barrier. Four monitoring wells were constructed around each pit to collect water samples at baseline and subsequent nine follow-up visits over 24 months. Samples were tested using the IDEXX Colilert method to enumerate E. coli and thermotolerant coliforms most probable number (MPN). We determined the difference in mean log10MPN FIB counts/100 mL in monitoring well samples between latrines with and without a sand barrier using multilevel linear models and reported cluster robust standard error. The sand barrier latrine monitoring well samples had 0.38 mean log10MPN fewer E. coli (95% CI: 0.16, 0.59; p = 0.001) and 0.38 mean log10MPN fewer thermotolerant coliforms (95% CI: 0.14, 0.62; p = 0.002), compared to latrines without sand barriers, a reduction of 27% E. coli and 24% thermotolerant coliforms mean counts. A sand barrier can modestly reduce the risk presented by pit leaching.

ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Solaiman Doza; Mahbubur Rahman; Kazi Matin Ahmed; Mohammed Shahid Gazi; Gazi Raisul Alam; Mohammed Rabiul Karim; Golam Kibria Khan; Mohammed Nasir Uddin; Mohammed Ilias Mahmud; Ayse Ercumen; Julia Rosenbaum; Jonathan Annis; Stephen P. Luby; Leanne Unicomb; Thomas F. Clasen. Sand Barriers around Latrine Pits Reduce Fecal Bacterial Leaching into Shallow Groundwater: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Coastal Bangladesh. Environmental Science & Technology 2019, 53, 2105 -2113.

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Solaiman Doza, Mahbubur Rahman, Kazi Matin Ahmed, Mohammed Shahid Gazi, Gazi Raisul Alam, Mohammed Rabiul Karim, Golam Kibria Khan, Mohammed Nasir Uddin, Mohammed Ilias Mahmud, Ayse Ercumen, Julia Rosenbaum, Jonathan Annis, Stephen P. Luby, Leanne Unicomb, Thomas F. Clasen. Sand Barriers around Latrine Pits Reduce Fecal Bacterial Leaching into Shallow Groundwater: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Coastal Bangladesh. Environmental Science & Technology. 2019; 53 (4):2105-2113.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Solaiman Doza; Mahbubur Rahman; Kazi Matin Ahmed; Mohammed Shahid Gazi; Gazi Raisul Alam; Mohammed Rabiul Karim; Golam Kibria Khan; Mohammed Nasir Uddin; Mohammed Ilias Mahmud; Ayse Ercumen; Julia Rosenbaum; Jonathan Annis; Stephen P. Luby; Leanne Unicomb; Thomas F. Clasen. 2019. "Sand Barriers around Latrine Pits Reduce Fecal Bacterial Leaching into Shallow Groundwater: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Coastal Bangladesh." Environmental Science & Technology 53, no. 4: 2105-2113.

Randomized controlled trial
Published: 01 January 2019 in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
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BackgroundAnemia in young children is a global health problem. Risk factors include poor nutrient intake and poor water quality, sanitation, or hygiene.ObjectiveWe evaluated the effects of water quality, sanitation, handwashing, and nutrition interventions on micronutrient status and anemia among children in rural Kenya and Bangladesh.DesignWe nested substudies within 2 cluster-randomized controlled trials enrolling pregnant women and following their children for 2 y. These substudies included 4 groups: water, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH); nutrition (N), including lipid-based nutrient supplements (LNSs; ages 6–24 mo) and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counseling; WSH+N; and control. Hemoglobin and micronutrient biomarkers were measured after 2 y of intervention and compared between groups using generalized linear models with robust SEs.ResultsIn Kenya, 699 children were assessed at a mean ± SD age of 22.1 ± 1.8 mo, and in Bangladesh 1470 participants were measured at a mean ± SD age of 28.0 ± 1.9 mo. The control group anemia prevalences were 48.8% in Kenya and 17.4% in Bangladesh. There was a lower prevalence of anemia in the 2 N intervention groups in both Kenya [N: 36.2%; prevalence ratio (PR): 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58, 0.94; WSH+N: 27.3%; PR: 0.56; 95% CI: 0.42, 0.75] and Bangladesh (N: 8.7%; PR: 0.50; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.78; WSH+N: 7.9%, PR: 0.46; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.73). In both trials, the 2 N groups also had significantly lower prevalences of iron deficiency, iron deficiency anemia, and low vitamin B-12 and, in Kenya, a lower prevalence of folate and vitamin A deficiencies. In Bangladesh, the WSH group had a lower prevalence of anemia (12.8%; PR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.54, 1.00) than the control group, whereas in Kenya, the WSH+N group had a lower prevalence of anemia than did the N group (PR: 0.75; 95% CI: 0.53, 1.07), but this was not significant (P = 0.102).ConclusionsIYCF counseling with LNSs reduced the risks of anemia, iron deficiency, and low vitamin B-12. Effects on folate and vitamin A varied between studies. Improvements in WSH also reduced the risk of anemia in Bangladesh but did not provide added benefit over the nutrition-specific intervention.These trials were registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01590095 (Bangladesh) and NCT01704105 (Kenya).

ACS Style

Christine P Stewart; Kathryn G Dewey; Audrie Lin; Amy J Pickering; Kendra A Byrd; Kaniz Jannat; Shahjahan Ali; Gouthami Rao; Holly N Dentz; Marion Kiprotich; Charles D Arnold; Benjamin F Arnold; Lindsay H Allen; Setareh Shahab-Ferdows; Ayse Ercumen; Jessica Grembi; Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; John M Colford; Stephen P Luby; Clair Null. Effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements and infant and young child feeding counseling with or without improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) on anemia and micronutrient status: results from 2 cluster-randomized trials in Kenya and Bangladesh. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2019, 109, 148 -164.

AMA Style

Christine P Stewart, Kathryn G Dewey, Audrie Lin, Amy J Pickering, Kendra A Byrd, Kaniz Jannat, Shahjahan Ali, Gouthami Rao, Holly N Dentz, Marion Kiprotich, Charles D Arnold, Benjamin F Arnold, Lindsay H Allen, Setareh Shahab-Ferdows, Ayse Ercumen, Jessica Grembi, Abu Mohd Naser, Mahbubur Rahman, Leanne Unicomb, John M Colford, Stephen P Luby, Clair Null. Effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements and infant and young child feeding counseling with or without improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) on anemia and micronutrient status: results from 2 cluster-randomized trials in Kenya and Bangladesh. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 2019; 109 (1):148-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine P Stewart; Kathryn G Dewey; Audrie Lin; Amy J Pickering; Kendra A Byrd; Kaniz Jannat; Shahjahan Ali; Gouthami Rao; Holly N Dentz; Marion Kiprotich; Charles D Arnold; Benjamin F Arnold; Lindsay H Allen; Setareh Shahab-Ferdows; Ayse Ercumen; Jessica Grembi; Abu Mohd Naser; Mahbubur Rahman; Leanne Unicomb; John M Colford; Stephen P Luby; Clair Null. 2019. "Effects of lipid-based nutrient supplements and infant and young child feeding counseling with or without improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) on anemia and micronutrient status: results from 2 cluster-randomized trials in Kenya and Bangladesh." The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 109, no. 1: 148-164.

News
Published: 11 May 2017 in Environmental Science & Technology
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ACS Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Reynaldo Martorell; K.M. Venkat Narayan; Thomas F. Clasen. First Do No Harm: The Need to Explore Potential Adverse Health Implications of Drinking Rainwater. Environmental Science & Technology 2017, 51, 5865 -5866.

AMA Style

Abu Mohd Naser, Reynaldo Martorell, K.M. Venkat Narayan, Thomas F. Clasen. First Do No Harm: The Need to Explore Potential Adverse Health Implications of Drinking Rainwater. Environmental Science & Technology. 2017; 51 (11):5865-5866.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abu Mohd Naser; Reynaldo Martorell; K.M. Venkat Narayan; Thomas F. Clasen. 2017. "First Do No Harm: The Need to Explore Potential Adverse Health Implications of Drinking Rainwater." Environmental Science & Technology 51, no. 11: 5865-5866.