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Prof. Dr. Cristina Martín Doñate
Department of Graphic Engineering, Design and Projects, Universidad de Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Additive Manufacturing
0 Ecodesign
0 FEM
0 Industry 4.0
0 Construction 4.0

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Additive Manufacturing
Industry 4.0
Construction 4.0

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Journal article
Published: 16 August 2021 in Polymers
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The paper presents a new design of conformal cooling channels, for application in collimator-type optical plastic parts. The conformal channels that are presented exceed the thermal and dynamic performance of traditional and standard conformal channels, since they implement new sections of complex topology, capable of meeting the high geometric and functional specifications of the optical part, as well as the technological requirements of the additive manufacturing of the mold cavities. In order to evaluate the improvement and efficiency of the thermal performance of the solution presented, a transient numerical analysis of the cooling phase has been carried out, comparing the traditional cooling with the new geometry that is proposed. The evolution of the temperature profile versus the thickness of the part in the collimating core with greater thickness and temperature, has been evaluated in a transient mode. The analysis of the thermal profiles, the calculation of the integral mean ejection temperature at each time of the transient analysis, and the use of the Fourier formula, show great improvement in the cycle time in comparison with the traditional cooling. The application of the new conformal design reduces the manufacturing cycle time of the collimator part by 10 s, with this value being 13% of the total manufacturing cycle of the plastic part. As a further improvement, the use of the new cooling system reduces the amount of thickness in the collimator core, which is above the ejection temperature of the plastic material. The improvement in the thermal performance of the design of the parametric cooling channels that are presented not only has a significant reduction in the cycle time, but also improves the uniformity in the temperature map of the collimating part surface, the displacement field, and the stresses that are associated with the temperature gradient on the surface of the optical part.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Abelardo Torres-Alba; Javier Catalan-Requena; Cristina Martin-Doñate. A New Conformal Cooling System for Plastic Collimators Based on the Use of Complex Geometries and Optimization of Temperature Profiles. Polymers 2021, 13, 2744 .

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Abelardo Torres-Alba, Javier Catalan-Requena, Cristina Martin-Doñate. A New Conformal Cooling System for Plastic Collimators Based on the Use of Complex Geometries and Optimization of Temperature Profiles. Polymers. 2021; 13 (16):2744.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Abelardo Torres-Alba; Javier Catalan-Requena; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2021. "A New Conformal Cooling System for Plastic Collimators Based on the Use of Complex Geometries and Optimization of Temperature Profiles." Polymers 13, no. 16: 2744.

Conference paper
Published: 22 April 2021 in Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations
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This paper presents a new smart web platform for plastic injection molds for use in industry 4.0 environments. The new platform requires as its only input the CAD model of the plastic part in a discrete format, the accuracy of the analysis, the thermoplastic material of which the part will be manufactured and the number of parts to manufacture per year. Using this information and through a fully automated process based on hybrid algorithms developed by the authors the smart platform generates an extended CAD model of the mold with additional expert information useful for industry 4.0 environments. In this way, it is possible to design a mold with uniform heat transfer, balanced ejection and a uniform filling phase of the mold cavity. The presented platform differ from other applications for mold designing in that the resulting mold meets all the geometric, functional and technological requirements of mold designing without needing CAE simulation software for its validation. The presented platform is considered as the first smart platform that does not require the interaction of the designer in the process of dimensioning and designing the different subsystems that compound the mold, being a tool to reduce time and costs in the initial phases of plastic part design and with the ability to integrate into a flexible manufacturing environment 4.0.

ACS Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Sliman Shaikheleid; Abelardo Torres-Alba; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. A New Smart Web Platform for Plastic Injection Molds in Industry 4.0 Environments. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2021, 309 -315.

AMA Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate, Sliman Shaikheleid, Abelardo Torres-Alba, Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. A New Smart Web Platform for Plastic Injection Molds in Industry 4.0 Environments. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2021; ():309-315.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Sliman Shaikheleid; Abelardo Torres-Alba; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. 2021. "A New Smart Web Platform for Plastic Injection Molds in Industry 4.0 Environments." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 309-315.

Conference paper
Published: 22 April 2021 in Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations
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The economic environment demands companies to be able of innovating and presenting new products and technologies. However, current industrial environments are composed of big established companies, small or medium family businesses and regional clusters. This business map does not comply with the dynamism required for detecting needs and proposals in form of new products that meet the current customer requirements. The creation of start-ups in the field of engineering is considered as a possibility to cover a growing market in designing high technological products. However, despite the importance and economic impact of the start-ups for less industrialized environments the courses in the engineering field do not include activities that contextualize theoretical knowledge and entrepreneurship. The paper presents the results of creating an entrepreneurial environment focused on the student as entrepreneurial unit. In this context, a series of new activities based on new design proposals have been developed on the basis of new technical solutions for industrial companies. The new designs have been presented as minimum viable products. The technical knowledge required for making the new designs has been complemented with entrepreneurial training. The results show an increase in students' willingness to create small companies based in new products as an employment option at the end of their studies.

ACS Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Fermín Lucena-Muñoz; Lina Guadalupe García-Cabrera; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. Generation of Entrepreneurship Environments for New Product Development. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2021, 366 -371.

AMA Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate, Fermín Lucena-Muñoz, Lina Guadalupe García-Cabrera, Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. Generation of Entrepreneurship Environments for New Product Development. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2021; ():366-371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Fermín Lucena-Muñoz; Lina Guadalupe García-Cabrera; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. 2021. "Generation of Entrepreneurship Environments for New Product Development." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 366-371.

Journal article
Published: 25 September 2020 in Polymers
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This paper presents the numerical and experimental analysis performed on the polymeric material Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol (PETG) manufactured with Fused Deposition Modeling Technology (FDM) technology, aiming at obtaining its mechanical characterization under uniaxial compression loads. Firstly, with the objective of evaluating the printing direction that poses a greater mechanical strength, eighteen test specimens were manufactured and analyzed according to the requirements of the ISO-604 standards. After that, a second experimental test analyzed the mechanical behavior of an innovative structural design manufactured in Z and X–Y directions under uniaxial compression loads according to the requirements of the Spanish CTE standard. The experimental results point to a mechanical linear behavior of PETG in X, Y and Z manufacturing directions up to strain levels close to the yield strength point. SEM micrographs show different structural failures linked to the specimen manufacturing directions. Test specimens manufactured along X present a brittle fracture caused by a delamination process. On the contrary, test specimens manufactured along X and Y directions show permanent plastic deformations, great flexibility and less strength under compression loads. Two numerical analyses were performed on the structural part using Young’s compression modulus obtained from the experimental tests and the load specifications required for the Spanish CTE standards. The comparison between numerical and experimental results presents a percentage of relative error of 2.80% (Z-axis), 3.98% (X-axis) and 3.46% (Y-axis), which allows characterizing PETG plastic material manufactured with FDM as an isotropic material in the numerical simulation software without modifying the material modeling equations in the data software. The research presented here is of great help to researchers working with polymers and FDM technology for companies that might need to numerically simulate new designs with the PETG polymer and FDM technology.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; M. Dolores La Rubia; Elena Mata-Garcia; Moises Rodriguez-Santiago; Cristina Martin-Doñate. Experimental and Numerical Analysis for the Mechanical Characterization of PETG Polymers Manufactured with FDM Technology under Pure Uniaxial Compression Stress States for Architectural Applications. Polymers 2020, 12, 2202 .

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, M. Dolores La Rubia, Elena Mata-Garcia, Moises Rodriguez-Santiago, Cristina Martin-Doñate. Experimental and Numerical Analysis for the Mechanical Characterization of PETG Polymers Manufactured with FDM Technology under Pure Uniaxial Compression Stress States for Architectural Applications. Polymers. 2020; 12 (10):2202.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; M. Dolores La Rubia; Elena Mata-Garcia; Moises Rodriguez-Santiago; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2020. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis for the Mechanical Characterization of PETG Polymers Manufactured with FDM Technology under Pure Uniaxial Compression Stress States for Architectural Applications." Polymers 12, no. 10: 2202.

Journal article
Published: 04 July 2020 in Polymers
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This paper presents a new procedure for the building information modeling (BIM) characterization of structural topologies manufactured with plastic materials and fused deposition modeling (FDM) additive technology. The procedure presented here transforms the architectural geometry into an expanded three-dimensional model, capable of directly linking the topology of the plastic structure with the technological, functional and economic requirements for working in advanced construction 4.0 environments. The model incorporates a new algorithm whose objective is to recognize the topological surface of the plastic structural part obtaining in a fully automated way the FDM manufacturing time as well as the manufacturing cost. The new algorithm starts from the voxelized geometrical surface of the architectural model, calculating the manufacturing time from the full geometric path traveled by the extruder in a voxel, the extruder’s speed, the print pattern and the layer height. In this way it is possible to obtain a complete digital model capable of managing and analyzing the plastic architectural object in an advanced BIM 4.0 environment. The model presented in this paper was applied to two architectural structures designed for a real urban environment. The final structural geometries have been obtained through topological processes in order to reduce the raw plastic manufacturing material and to improve the plastic structure strength. The architectural elements have been validated structurally by the means of numerical simulations, following the scenario of loads and boundary conditions required for the real project. The displacement maps point to a maximum value of 0.5 mm according to the project requirements. The Von Mises stress fields indicate maximum values of 0.423 and 0.650 MPa, not exceeding in any case the tensile yield strength of the thermoplastic material.

ACS Style

Daniel Diaz-Perete; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Jose Manuel Valderrama-Zafra; Cristina Martin-Doñate. New Procedure for BIM Characterization of Architectural Models Manufactured Using Fused Deposition Modeling and Plastic Materials in 4.0 Advanced Construction Environments. Polymers 2020, 12, 1498 .

AMA Style

Daniel Diaz-Perete, Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Jose Manuel Valderrama-Zafra, Cristina Martin-Doñate. New Procedure for BIM Characterization of Architectural Models Manufactured Using Fused Deposition Modeling and Plastic Materials in 4.0 Advanced Construction Environments. Polymers. 2020; 12 (7):1498.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Diaz-Perete; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Jose Manuel Valderrama-Zafra; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2020. "New Procedure for BIM Characterization of Architectural Models Manufactured Using Fused Deposition Modeling and Plastic Materials in 4.0 Advanced Construction Environments." Polymers 12, no. 7: 1498.

Conference paper
Published: 10 March 2020 in Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations
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The current location of the steering wheel in the car makes accessibility to the driver’s seat difficult for people with physical or mobility problems. Additionally, the external visibility of the steering wheel when the vehicle is parked could be a factor of lack of security in car theft. The automotive industry is currently facing the challenge of achieving completely autonomous driving, with this challenge being a new line of research. In light of these problems this paper presents a new concept that surpasses the state of the art by improving the user’s experience in the decision of autonomous or guided driving of the vehicle. Similarly, the proposed system allows several functionalities such as extending the driver’s room and improving comfort, especially for people with reduced mobility, or as an anti-theft system due to lack of visibility of the steering wheel making it difficult to steal the car.

ACS Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Antonio Gines-Alcaide; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Annalisa Di Roma; Fermin Lucena-Muñoz. Application of New Systems for Positioning the Steering Wheel in Vehicles for the Improvement of Ergonomics in Autonomous Driving. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2020, 77 -85.

AMA Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate, Antonio Gines-Alcaide, Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Annalisa Di Roma, Fermin Lucena-Muñoz. Application of New Systems for Positioning the Steering Wheel in Vehicles for the Improvement of Ergonomics in Autonomous Driving. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2020; ():77-85.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Antonio Gines-Alcaide; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Annalisa Di Roma; Fermin Lucena-Muñoz. 2020. "Application of New Systems for Positioning the Steering Wheel in Vehicles for the Improvement of Ergonomics in Autonomous Driving." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 77-85.

Conference paper
Published: 10 March 2020 in Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations
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Plastic injection molding is one of the most versatile and widespread manufacturing processes of plastic parts manufacture. Obtaining the final plastic part from the melt thermoplastic material is divided into four main phases: filling, packing, cooling and ejection. The cooling phase is the most representative, since the time related to this phase is the longest. Current conventional machining processes only allow the manufacture of simple cooling systems based on straight drilled channels, which have a low cooling performance in regions of the plastic part with complex geometry. However, with the development of 3D additive manufacturing technologies, the cooling channels can adapt with greater versatility to the plastic part topology in order to achieve the high geometric and functional requirements that the industrial sector demands. In order to evaluate the performance of the conformal type cooling systems, three different configurations have been generated. For the case study the zig-zag, spiral and isocontouring pathing have been defined in order to model the conformal cooling channels that are adapted to its geometry. Through numerical simulations, the results of the cooling time and plastic part temperature after the cooling phase obtained for conformal configurations have been compared. The results obtained show that the conformal cooling channels provide a uniform cooling temperature, reduce the cooling time and improve the productivity of the plastic injection parts manufacturing process.

ACS Style

Abelardo Torres-Alba; Daniel Diaz - Perete; Cristina Martin-Doñate; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. Conformal Cooling Systems Design and Dimensioning for Injection Molds. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2020, 166 -174.

AMA Style

Abelardo Torres-Alba, Daniel Diaz - Perete, Cristina Martin-Doñate, Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. Conformal Cooling Systems Design and Dimensioning for Injection Molds. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2020; ():166-174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abelardo Torres-Alba; Daniel Diaz - Perete; Cristina Martin-Doñate; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. 2020. "Conformal Cooling Systems Design and Dimensioning for Injection Molds." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 166-174.

Conference paper
Published: 10 March 2020 in Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations
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The entrepreneurial spirit is currently considered as the engine of a more dynamic industrial society. Creativity, as well as the capacity to take new initiatives, are fundamental values for students, with these capacities being increasingly in demand by companies. However, despite the importance of developing these skills, subjects in the technical field do not include activities that contextualize theoretical knowledge in the entrepreneurship field. This paper presents the results of a set of activities related to the development of entrepreneurial capacity in students of mechanical engineering by means of new activities related to the business field in the development of new mechanical designs. The designs developed have been planned as technical solutions to problems of some industrial companies. The design results have been presented in the form of prototypes. In a parallel manner, the students have complemented the product development project with a product business model. The results obtained show an increase in the capacity of transferring industrial knowledge from the classrooms to the industrial environment as well as a growth in motivation on the part of the students who have carried out the innovative activities related to entrepreneurship in design.

ACS Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Fermin Lucena-Muñoz; Lina Garcia-Cabrera; Elisabeth Estevez; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. Industrial Design as a Tool for Enhancing Entrepreneurship. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2020, 320 -329.

AMA Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate, Fermin Lucena-Muñoz, Lina Garcia-Cabrera, Elisabeth Estevez, Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. Industrial Design as a Tool for Enhancing Entrepreneurship. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2020; ():320-329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Fermin Lucena-Muñoz; Lina Garcia-Cabrera; Elisabeth Estevez; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero. 2020. "Industrial Design as a Tool for Enhancing Entrepreneurship." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 320-329.

Conference paper
Published: 10 March 2020 in Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations
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This paper presents an algorithm for pre-dimensioning of plates of injection molds based on the measures of the part which will be manufactured. The pre-dimensioning plates are: the cavity plate, the core plate and the support plate. These plates will be pre-dimensioned according to the pressure loads generated in each case, derived from the specific requirements needed for the injection and manufacture of each plastic part. Additionally, the used equations will be introduced into computational design software linking each variable with his relative parameter in order to generalize the process of injection mold designing for simple plastic parts. After calculus process and the pre-dimensioning of the plates the final geometry will be introduced into BIM methodology using specifics BIM software in order to measure the quantities of material required, to collect dimensions and number of parts needed in an automatic way to get other interesting attributes like budget control. The implementation of BIM methodology in injection molds industry to project development gives engineering field many new possibilities of co-working between companies, making easier the communication of their design specialists optimizing the process of creation of new injection molds. This methodology will contribute to save resources improving the quality of the projects final results

ACS Style

Daniel Diaz-Perete; Abelardo Torres-Alba; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Cristina Martin-Doñate. Plates Pre-dimensioning for Injection Molds by Using Computational Design and Inclusion of the Parts in BIM Methodology. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations 2020, 535 -543.

AMA Style

Daniel Diaz-Perete, Abelardo Torres-Alba, Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Cristina Martin-Doñate. Plates Pre-dimensioning for Injection Molds by Using Computational Design and Inclusion of the Parts in BIM Methodology. Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations. 2020; ():535-543.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniel Diaz-Perete; Abelardo Torres-Alba; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2020. "Plates Pre-dimensioning for Injection Molds by Using Computational Design and Inclusion of the Parts in BIM Methodology." Recent Advances in Computational Mechanics and Simulations , no. : 535-543.

Journal article
Published: 20 January 2020 in Polymers
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This manuscript presents an experimental and numerical analysis of the mechanical structural behavior of Nylstrong GF-PA6, a plastic material manufactured using FDM (fused deposition modeling) technology for a compression uniaxial stress field. Firstly, an experimental test using several test specimens fabricated in the Z and X-axis allows characterizing the elastic behavior of the reinforced GF-PA6 according to the ISO 604 standard for uniaxial compression stress environments in both Z and X manufacturing orientations. In a second stage, an experimental test analyzes the structural behavior of an industrial part manufactured under the same conditions as the test specimens. The experimental results for the test specimens manufactured in the Z and X-axis present differences in the stress-strain curve. Z-axis printed elements present a purely linear elastic behavior and lower structural integrity, while X-axis printed elements present a nonlinear elastic behavior typical of plastic and foam materials. In order to validate the experimental results, numerical analysis for an industrial part is carried out, defining the material GF-PA6 as elastic and isotropic with constant Young’s compression modulus according to ISO standard 604. Simulations and experimental tests show good accuracy, obtaining errors of 0.91% on the Z axis and 0.56% on the X-axis between virtual and physical models.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Cristina Martin-Doñate; Vincenzo Moramarco; Michele Angelo Attolico; Gilda Renna; Moises Rodriguez-Santiago; Caterina Casavola. Mechanical Characterization of the Plastic Material GF-PA6 Manufactured Using FDM Technology for a Compression Uniaxial Stress Field via an Experimental and Numerical Analysis. Polymers 2020, 12, 246 .

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Cristina Martin-Doñate, Vincenzo Moramarco, Michele Angelo Attolico, Gilda Renna, Moises Rodriguez-Santiago, Caterina Casavola. Mechanical Characterization of the Plastic Material GF-PA6 Manufactured Using FDM Technology for a Compression Uniaxial Stress Field via an Experimental and Numerical Analysis. Polymers. 2020; 12 (1):246.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Cristina Martin-Doñate; Vincenzo Moramarco; Michele Angelo Attolico; Gilda Renna; Moises Rodriguez-Santiago; Caterina Casavola. 2020. "Mechanical Characterization of the Plastic Material GF-PA6 Manufactured Using FDM Technology for a Compression Uniaxial Stress Field via an Experimental and Numerical Analysis." Polymers 12, no. 1: 246.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2020 in Polymers
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This paper presents a new method for the automated design of the conformal cooling system for injection molding technology based on a discrete multidimensional model of the plastic part. The algorithm surpasses the current state of the art since it uses as input variables firstly the discrete map of temperatures of the melt plastic flow at the end of the filling phase, and secondly a set of geometrical parameters extracted from the discrete mesh together with technological and functional requirements of cooling in injection molds. In the first phase, the algorithm groups and classifies the discrete temperature of the nodes at the end of the filling phase in geometrical areas called temperature clusters. The topological and rheological information of the clusters along with the geometrical and manufacturing information of the surface mesh remains stored in a multidimensional discrete model of the plastic part. Taking advantage of using genetic evolutionary algorithms and by applying a physical model linked to the cluster specifications the proposed algorithm automatically designs and dimensions all the parameters required for the conformal cooling system. The method presented improves on any conventional cooling system design model since the cooling times obtained are analogous to the cooling times of analytical models, including boundary conditions and ideal solutions not exceeding 5% of relative error in the cases analyzed. The final quality of the plastic parts after the cooling phase meets the minimum criteria and requirements established by the injection industry. As an additional advantage the proposed algorithm allows the validation and dimensioning of the injection mold cooling system automatically, without requiring experienced mold designers with extensive skills in manual computing.

ACS Style

Abelardo Torres-Alba; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Daniel Diaz-Perete; Cristina Martin-Doñate. A New Conformal Cooling Design Procedure for Injection Molding Based on Temperature Clusters and Multidimensional Discrete Models. Polymers 2020, 12, 154 .

AMA Style

Abelardo Torres-Alba, Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Daniel Diaz-Perete, Cristina Martin-Doñate. A New Conformal Cooling Design Procedure for Injection Molding Based on Temperature Clusters and Multidimensional Discrete Models. Polymers. 2020; 12 (1):154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abelardo Torres-Alba; Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Daniel Diaz-Perete; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2020. "A New Conformal Cooling Design Procedure for Injection Molding Based on Temperature Clusters and Multidimensional Discrete Models." Polymers 12, no. 1: 154.

Original article
Published: 13 April 2019 in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
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This paper presents a numerical and experimental study of the compression uniaxial properties of PLA material manufactured with FDM based on product specifications. A first experimental test in accordance with the requirements and conditions established in the ISO 604 standard characterizes the mechanical and elastic properties of PLA manufactured with FDM technology and product requirements in a uniaxial compression stress field by testing six specimens. A second experimental test allows analyzing the structural behavior of the industrial case, evaluating the compression stiffness, the compression yield stress, the field of displacements, and stress along its elastic area until reaching the compression yield stress and the ultimate yield stress data. To improve the structural analysis of the case study, a numerical validation was carried out using two analytical models. The first analytical model applies an interpolation procedure to the experimental results of the tested specimens in order to characterize the uniaxial tension-compression curve versus the nominal deformations by means of an 8-degree polynomial function. The second model defines the plastic material as elastic and isotropic with Young’s compression modulus constant and according to the guidelines established in ISO standard 604. The comparison between experimental tests and numerical simulation results for the study case verify that the new model that uses the proposed polynomial function is closer to the experimental solution with only an 0.36% error, in comparison with the model with Young’s compression modulus constant that reaches an error of 4.27%. The results of the structural analysis of the mechanical element indicate that the elastic region of the plastic material PLA manufactured with FDM can be modeled numerically as an isotropic material, using the elastic properties from the experimental results of the specimens tested according to ISO standard 604. In this way, it is possible to characterize the PLA FDM material as isotropic, obtaining as an advantage its easy definition in the numerical simulation software as it does not require the modification of the constitutive equations in the material database. SEM micrographs have indicated that the fracture of the failed test specimens is of the brittle type, mainly caused by the separation between the central plastic filament layers of the specimens. The results presented suggest that the use of FDM technology with PLA material is promising for the manufacture of low volume industrial components that are subject to compression efforts or for the manufacture of components by the user.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio; M. Dolores La Rubia; David Lozano-Arjona; Cristina Martin-Doñate. A numerical and experimental study of the compression uniaxial properties of PLA manufactured with FDM technology based on product specifications. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2019, 103, 1893 -1909.

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio, M. Dolores La Rubia, David Lozano-Arjona, Cristina Martin-Doñate. A numerical and experimental study of the compression uniaxial properties of PLA manufactured with FDM technology based on product specifications. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2019; 103 (5-8):1893-1909.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio; M. Dolores La Rubia; David Lozano-Arjona; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2019. "A numerical and experimental study of the compression uniaxial properties of PLA manufactured with FDM technology based on product specifications." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 103, no. 5-8: 1893-1909.

Original article
Published: 11 January 2019 in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
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The paper presents the geometric design of a new lattice element of conformal type integrated into the cooling system of an injection mold. The geometric variables of this element are parameterized and are included in the design of the mold cooling system so that it can be valid for any type of geometry of plastic parts. Similarly, a physical model is presented to analyze the energetic behavior of the cooling lattice. Through the application of expert-type optimization algorithms to the presented physical model, the geometrical variables of the cooling lattice are dimensioned as well as the technological variables that govern the cooling phase of the plastic part. This methodology has been applied to four plastic parts with different geometrical characteristics. The results obtained have been compared with numerical simulations carried out by means of CFD-type software for plastic parts analysis, concluding that the new cooling lattices are adapted to the design criteria of an optimal cooling system. The new cooling lattices improve, in turn, the efficiency of thermal exchange in the cooling phase for plastic parts with large concavities, fine details, internal turrets, and housings. A simplified model focused on the energy analysis of a single cooling cell has been defined, which allows us to evaluate the thermal exchange between the cooling lattice and the plastic part, avoiding the computational complexity in the generation of the discrete mesh of the mold inserts. Similarly, in order to guarantee the structural safety of the cooling grids, a numerical mechanical analysis of the structural behavior of the injection mold insert under the most unfavorable contour conditions during the injection process has been carried out. The new conformal system presented in the paper does not require expert designers for its dimensioning, considering it as an adequate tool for reducing the overall design time of the mold while allowing the manufacturing process to be more efficient, reducing cycle time, and increasing the quality of the parts produced.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Cristina Martin-Doñate; Moises Rodriguez-Santiago; Francisco Moral-Pulido; Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio. A new conformal cooling lattice design procedure for injection molding applications based on expert algorithms. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2019, 102, 1719 -1746.

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Cristina Martin-Doñate, Moises Rodriguez-Santiago, Francisco Moral-Pulido, Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio. A new conformal cooling lattice design procedure for injection molding applications based on expert algorithms. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2019; 102 (5-8):1719-1746.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Cristina Martin-Doñate; Moises Rodriguez-Santiago; Francisco Moral-Pulido; Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio. 2019. "A new conformal cooling lattice design procedure for injection molding applications based on expert algorithms." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 102, no. 5-8: 1719-1746.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2018 in Computer-Aided Design
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This paper presents a new method for the automatic design of the cooling system in injection molds, based on the discrete geometry of the plastic part. In a first phase the new algorithm recognizes the discrete topology of the part, obtaining its depth map and detecting flat, concave regions and slender details which are difficult to cool. The algorithm performs an automatic analysis of the heat transfer, taking into account functional parameters, in order to guarantee a uniform cooling of the part. Based firstly on the limit range distance from which the horizontal straight channels lose cooling effectiveness and secondly on the depth map data, the algorithm provides an optimal layout for the cooling system of the part by adapting it to its geometry. By means of adapting the precision of the algorithm to the molded geometry, both horizontal straight channels for low concavity areas and baffle matrices for concave regions are used. In a second phase, the parameters of the cooling system such as channel diameter, channel separation, etc., are dimensioned by means of genetic optimization algorithms. A second genetic optimization algorithm ensures uniformity and balance in the layout of the cooling system for the plastic part. The result is the design of the cooling system for the plastic part with the same performance as the conformal system. A constant distance between the cooling channels and the part surface is maintained, and at the same time the manufacturing of the mold using CNC techniques and traditional metal materials could be achieved. Complementarily, the algorithm performs an interference analysis with other parts of the mold such as the ejection system. The method does not need a subsequent CAE analysis since it takes into account functional and technical parameters related to heat transfer in its design, thus ensuring its functionality. The algorithm is independent of the CAD modeler used to create the part since it performs a recognition analysis of the part surfaces, being able to be implemented in any CAD system. The data obtained in the design can be used additionally in later applications including the automated design of the injection mold.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio; Juan De Juanes Marquez-Sevillano; Cristina Martin-Doñate. A new method for the automated design of cooling systems in injection molds. Computer-Aided Design 2018, 104, 60 -86.

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio, Juan De Juanes Marquez-Sevillano, Cristina Martin-Doñate. A new method for the automated design of cooling systems in injection molds. Computer-Aided Design. 2018; 104 ():60-86.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio; Juan De Juanes Marquez-Sevillano; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2018. "A new method for the automated design of cooling systems in injection molds." Computer-Aided Design 104, no. : 60-86.

Original article
Published: 12 June 2018 in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
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The paper presents a new procedure for the automated calculation of cycle time in the injection molding process based on the recognition of the geometry of the plastic part to be manufactured, taking as input data only the geometry of the plastic part in discrete format and the material in which it will be manufactured. In a first phase, the procedure uses a new geometric algorithm of topology recognition of the plastic part based on the projection of a nodal quadrature on the discrete model of the part. The algorithm is able to obtain the set of geometric parameters necessary for the calculation of the cycle time by providing a map of the thicknesses of the part, indicating its average and maximum thickness as well as the maximum distance that the melt plastic flow runs during the injection stage. Afterwards, a second analytical-empirical algorithm performs an automated analysis of the numerical simulations of the injection stage using a rectangular plate shape test part whose geometry is parameterized according to its volume, its thickness, and the path of the melt plastic flow, generating a set of polynomial functions which determine the radius of the feeding system gate. Finally, taking as data, the geometric and technological parameters resulting from the application of the developed sub-algorithms, the cycle time is calculated. The new procedure presented in the paper does not require the use of additional simulation software or the empirical evaluation of experts. It is not linked to the modeler of the given part since it analyzes its surface externally from its discrete format. In this way, it allows designers to give a response to the client quickly and accurately, obtaining the value of the cycle time in a minimum time.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Miguel Ángel Rubio-Paramio; Peter Karlinger; Cristina Martin-Doñate. A new procedure for calculating cycle time in injection molding based on plastic part geometry recognition. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2018, 98, 441 -477.

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Miguel Ángel Rubio-Paramio, Peter Karlinger, Cristina Martin-Doñate. A new procedure for calculating cycle time in injection molding based on plastic part geometry recognition. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2018; 98 (1-4):441-477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Miguel Ángel Rubio-Paramio; Peter Karlinger; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2018. "A new procedure for calculating cycle time in injection molding based on plastic part geometry recognition." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 98, no. 1-4: 441-477.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2018 in Energy Conversion and Management
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ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio; Francisca Guerrero-Villar; Cristina Martin-Doñate. A numerical and experimental study of a new Savonius wind rotor adaptation based on product design requirements. Energy Conversion and Management 2018, 158, 210 -234.

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio, Francisca Guerrero-Villar, Cristina Martin-Doñate. A numerical and experimental study of a new Savonius wind rotor adaptation based on product design requirements. Energy Conversion and Management. 2018; 158 ():210-234.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; Miguel Angel Rubio-Paramio; Francisca Guerrero-Villar; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2018. "A numerical and experimental study of a new Savonius wind rotor adaptation based on product design requirements." Energy Conversion and Management 158, no. : 210-234.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2017 in Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
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In this paper a new method of automatic design for the layout and sizing of the ejector pins of the plastic injection mold, based on the discrete geometry of the plastic part, is presented. The proposed algorithm consists of a first phase of geometric analysis in which a node mesh corresponding to the surfaces to be molded by the lower mold cavity is generated. Then the variations of the difference in thickness of the part for each pair of mesh nodes are evaluated, locating areas with varying thicknesses and resembling this geometric value at discrete nodes that are stored in arrays. Two sub-algorithms of discrete geometric recognition enable the location of the nodes which can be points of expulsion. Ejection points will correspond to those nodes which have a maximum in the parameter regarding concentration of nodes near walls, ribs, protrusions, etc. The dimensioning of the ejector pins is performed by an optimization algorithm with three objective functions, ensuring that the system of forces in the ejection of the part will be balanced. This new method improves on the methods used so far as it does not require heuristic methods to achieve the result and does not use the method of identifying features for the geometric recognition of the surface of the plastic part, avoiding the problems of dependency from the modeler and analysis of complex features. It takes the part in discrete format as input data, analyzing in this way the geometry externally, obtaining the advantage of the possibility of implementing the algorithm in any CAD modeler. The proposed algorithm is applicable to any geometry because it works regardless of the CAD system in which the piece has been designed. Finally, the system provides as a result the layout with the location and the diameter of the ejectors on the part while ensuring a suitable distribution of balance of ejection forces. The solution of the algorithm is shown superimposed on the part as a map of ejection. The results of the algorithm can be exported and stored for use in other applications and parametric injection mold CAD systems. A node mesh corresponding to the surfaces to be molded by the lower cavity is analyzed.The algorithm locates zones with varying thicknesses resembling this value at discrete nodes.A geometric recognition method places the ejection points close to rigid workpiece areas.Ejectors are dimensioned with optimization algorithms ensuring that the forces are balanced.Ejector design is performed on any system no other solid internal information is required.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; M.A. Rubio-Paramio; Antonio Vizan-Idoipe; Cristina Martin Doñate. A new procedure for the automated design of ejection systems in injection molds. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 2017, 46, 68 -85.

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, M.A. Rubio-Paramio, Antonio Vizan-Idoipe, Cristina Martin Doñate. A new procedure for the automated design of ejection systems in injection molds. Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing. 2017; 46 ():68-85.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; M.A. Rubio-Paramio; Antonio Vizan-Idoipe; Cristina Martin Doñate. 2017. "A new procedure for the automated design of ejection systems in injection molds." Robotics and Computer-Integrated Manufacturing 46, no. : 68-85.

Book chapter
Published: 03 September 2016 in Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020)
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In this paper a new methodology of automated demoldability analysis for parts manufactured via plastic injection molding is presented. The proposed algorithm uses as geometric input the faceted surface mesh of the plastic part and the parting direction. Demoldability analysis is based on a sequential model to catalog nodes and facets of the given mesh. First, the demoldability of nodes is analyzed, subsequently, from results of previous nodes analysis, facets of the mesh are cataloged in: demoldable (facets belong cavity and core plate), semi-demoldable (plastic part manufactured by mobile mechanisms, side cores) and non-demoldable (plastic part not manufacturable). This methodology uses a discrete model of plastic part, which provides an additional advantage since the algorithm works independent of the modelling software and creates a new virtual geometry providing information on its manufacture, exactly like CAE software. All elements of the mesh (nodes and facets) are stored in arrays, according with their demoldability category, with information about their manufacture for possible uses in other CAD/CAE applications related to design, machining and costs analysis of injection molds.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; José Angel Moya Muriana; Miguel Angel Rubio- Paramio; Cristina Martín-Doñate. An automated manufacturing analysis of plastic parts using faceted surfaces. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) 2016, 119 -128.

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, José Angel Moya Muriana, Miguel Angel Rubio- Paramio, Cristina Martín-Doñate. An automated manufacturing analysis of plastic parts using faceted surfaces. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020). 2016; ():119-128.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; José Angel Moya Muriana; Miguel Angel Rubio- Paramio; Cristina Martín-Doñate. 2016. "An automated manufacturing analysis of plastic parts using faceted surfaces." Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) , no. : 119-128.

Book chapter
Published: 03 September 2016 in Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020)
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Industrial design is today, a key factor for business success, as well as an essential formula to compete in the market. This is one of the reasons why today, there is a great demand for professionals with knowledge in mechanical engineering and industrial design. By contrast, in engineering studies, much time is spent on training in CAD, in order to have an advanced knowledge of design tools, leaving aside the analysis of whether the designs will be good or not from the point of view of the customer. Many of these engineering students will be professional designers in the future designing their own products and being able to create a company that made designs that would have to be customer focused. In this context there has been carry out, several activities in the course of graphic engineering techniques in the degree of mechanical engineering in third year of this studies. The subject has been raised with an applied approach to the professional market, making creative products, including the functional aspect and customer focus, issues of vital importance but neglected by educational programs. In this research, a professor of marketing, with a great professional experience in patent pending, has taught several classes at the beginning of the subject related to how to conduct interviews with the client to identify their needs, with the aim to give the initial design requirements by the customer. The result of the experience has resulted in a set of designs of higher quality than those made in previous years.

ACS Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Fermín Lucena-Muñoz; Javier Gallego-Alvarez. Integration of marketing activities in the mechanical design process. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) 2016, 961 -969.

AMA Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate, Fermín Lucena-Muñoz, Javier Gallego-Alvarez. Integration of marketing activities in the mechanical design process. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020). 2016; ():961-969.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cristina Martin-Doñate; Fermín Lucena-Muñoz; Javier Gallego-Alvarez. 2016. "Integration of marketing activities in the mechanical design process." Proceedings of the 2nd Annual International Conference on Material, Machines and Methods for Sustainable Development (MMMS2020) , no. : 961-969.

Journal article
Published: 27 July 2016 in Computer-Aided Design
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In this paper, a new method for demoldability automatic analysis of parts to be manufactured in plastic injection is presented. The algorithm analysis is based on the geometry of the plastic part, which is discretized by a triangular mesh, posing a hybrid discrete demoldability analysis of both the mesh nodes and facets. A first preprocessing phase classifies mesh nodes according to their vertical dimension, assigning each node a plane perpendicular to the given parting direction. By selective projection of facets, closed contours which serve as the basis for calculating the demoldability of the nodes are created. The facets are then cataloged according to demoldability nodes that comprise demoldable, non-demoldable and semi-demoldable facets. Those facets listed as semi-demoldable are fragmented into demoldable and non-demoldable polygonal regions, causing a redefinition of the original mesh as a new virtual geometry. Finally, non-demoldable areas are studied by redirecting the mesh in the direction of the sliding side, and again applying the processing algorithm and cataloging nodes and facets. Resoluble areas of the piece through mobile devices in the mold are obtained. The hybrid analysis model (nodes and facets) takes advantage of working with a discrete model of the plastic part (nodes), supplemented by creating a new virtual geometry (new nodes and facets) that complements the original mesh, providing the designer not only with information about the geometry of the plastic piece but also information on their manufacture, exactly like a CAE tool. The geometry of the part is stored in arrays with information about their manufacture for use in downstream applications.

ACS Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; M.A.R. Paramio; Jesus Maria Perez-Garcia; Cristina Martin-Doñate. A new hybrid method for demoldability analysis of discrete geometries. Computer-Aided Design 2016, 80, 43 -60.

AMA Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero, M.A.R. Paramio, Jesus Maria Perez-Garcia, Cristina Martin-Doñate. A new hybrid method for demoldability analysis of discrete geometries. Computer-Aided Design. 2016; 80 ():43-60.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jorge Manuel Mercado-Colmenero; M.A.R. Paramio; Jesus Maria Perez-Garcia; Cristina Martin-Doñate. 2016. "A new hybrid method for demoldability analysis of discrete geometries." Computer-Aided Design 80, no. : 43-60.