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This study investigated the emotional and behavioral potential of counterfactual thinking within sustainable tourism. Despite the growing interest in the determinants of sustainable tourist behavior, studies hardly seek detailed cognitive explanations. Furthermore, use of selective samples, survey techniques or other data-driven methods prevent existing frameworks from establishing causal linkages to attitudes or behavior. Across two experimental studies, counterfactual thinking—a goal-oriented cognitive process—was investigated with respect to environmental attitudes and behavioral improvement. Findings provided evidence for the utility of counterfactuals in the sustainable tourism domain. Feelings for the environment of a destination may change, and intentions for sustainable behavior may improve as a consequence of counterfactual thoughts. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed for sustainable tourism and environmental behavior.
Semih Yilmaz; Hany Kim; Yongjae Ko. Counterfactual Thinking in Sustainable Tourism Context. Journal of Travel Research 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleSemih Yilmaz, Hany Kim, Yongjae Ko. Counterfactual Thinking in Sustainable Tourism Context. Journal of Travel Research. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSemih Yilmaz; Hany Kim; Yongjae Ko. 2021. "Counterfactual Thinking in Sustainable Tourism Context." Journal of Travel Research , no. : 1.
Understanding the weaknesses and strengths of event attributes plays a significant role in business survivability, specifically the meetings, incentives, conventions, and exhibitions (MICE) industry, in which the business environment is competitive. To be in business and survive long-term, service and product offerings must satisfy the needs of clients. In the case of the MICE industry, clients include event organizers, planners, and attendees. Thus, the IPA (importance-performance analysis) was conducted with hopes to provide valuable insight into the MICE industry to identify and evaluate their offering (attributes) that can assist Convention and Visitors Bureaus (CVBs) to establish better operational strategies that maintain their economic sustainability. Furthermore, this study also addressed the event planners and organizers’ perceptions toward the environment and social sustainability, measuring the importance and performance of ecofriendly venues and the availability of disabled access, which showed neither significant importance nor performance. However, as the main purpose of the research was to examine the essential venue selection criteria based on the perceptional lens of the event organizer and planners to MICE operators on achieving business sustainability, the findings of this study provide strategical direction to establish, maintain, and improve their facility, service, and products. The study also finds that there are different needs depending on the types of event organizers and planners.
Jaeyoung An; Hany Kim; Dongkeun Hur. Keeping the Competitive Edge of a Convention and Exhibition Center in MICE Environment: Identification of Event Attributes for Long-Run Success. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5030 .
AMA StyleJaeyoung An, Hany Kim, Dongkeun Hur. Keeping the Competitive Edge of a Convention and Exhibition Center in MICE Environment: Identification of Event Attributes for Long-Run Success. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (9):5030.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJaeyoung An; Hany Kim; Dongkeun Hur. 2021. "Keeping the Competitive Edge of a Convention and Exhibition Center in MICE Environment: Identification of Event Attributes for Long-Run Success." Sustainability 13, no. 9: 5030.
Tourists’ risk perceptions have been studied extensively in tourism literature and are considered an important factor influencing destination choice. However, despite the extensive research, many earlier studies using symmetric approaches have not adequately succeeded in addressing the contrarian case – high visit intention despite having negative perceptions. Therefore, this study utilised both symmetric and asymmetric approaches to address the effects of tourists’ perceptions (i.e. risk perception, image, and attitude) and demographic factors on their visit intention. While the symmetric approach showed that Zika-related perceptions did not have an impact on destination visits, in the asymmetric approach, these same perceptions significantly influenced both high and low visit intentions. This study contributes to the existing knowledge of risk perceptions by highlighting the differences between the two methodological approaches. Destination marketers could utilise these findings to develop both mass marketing and target marketing strategies.
Yeongbae Choe; Hany Kim. Risk perception and visit intention on Olympic destination: Symmetric and asymmetric approaches. Journal of Vacation Marketing 2021, 27, 314 -329.
AMA StyleYeongbae Choe, Hany Kim. Risk perception and visit intention on Olympic destination: Symmetric and asymmetric approaches. Journal of Vacation Marketing. 2021; 27 (3):314-329.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeongbae Choe; Hany Kim. 2021. "Risk perception and visit intention on Olympic destination: Symmetric and asymmetric approaches." Journal of Vacation Marketing 27, no. 3: 314-329.
We analyzed the productivity of tourism- and culture-related economic activity in South Korea, adopting the Malmquist productivity index based on data envelopment analysis. We examined whether the productivity of tourism efficiently attracts financial investment. We used various objective indicators as the input and output variables of 16 metropolitan regions in South Korea between 2013 and 2018. To effectively understand the productivity of regions, the 16 metropolitan regions were categorized into four groups based on the ratio of financial independence and rate of city region, and regions were characterized as urbanized, traditional metropolitan, industrialized, or less developed. The findings reveal that the tourism industry in relatively less urbanized regions is more productive. Compared with other industries, public pre-investment and private investment strategies specific to tourism may yield more efficient results in terms of total production and employment. In other words, tourism may constitute a gateway to economic sustainability in less developed regions through the revitalization and/or balanced development of local structures.
Hyo-Jae Joun; Hany Kim. Productivity Evaluation of Tourism and Culture for Sustainable Economic Development: Analyzing South Korea’s Metropolitan Regions. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2912 .
AMA StyleHyo-Jae Joun, Hany Kim. Productivity Evaluation of Tourism and Culture for Sustainable Economic Development: Analyzing South Korea’s Metropolitan Regions. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (7):2912.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHyo-Jae Joun; Hany Kim. 2020. "Productivity Evaluation of Tourism and Culture for Sustainable Economic Development: Analyzing South Korea’s Metropolitan Regions." Sustainability 12, no. 7: 2912.
Destinations are competing every day to attract more tourists and increase tourism receipts. In order to maintain tourists’ interests in the destination and expect sustainable income from tourism, understanding tourists’ perceptions of the destination is a critical task for destination managers. Tourists’ continuous visitation can be ensured when destinations are perceived to be positive and attractive. Therefore, this study examines destination attributes that are fundamental elements of the destination and tourists’ experiences. More specifically, this study investigates the destination attributes that are perceived to be positive by tourists using online reviews. Online reviews were analyzed with content analysis techniques and the quantified content was statically compared with the star rating provided by tourists. In addition, the influence of destination attributes on other conation dimensions-attitude and behavior-was analyzed. Destination attributes that have an influence on the star rating showed similar results to the attitude. However, behavior dimensions only had a significant influence for tour guides’ quality of the destination.
Hany Kim; Hyo Jae Joun; Yeongbae Choe; Ashley Schroeder. How Can a Destination Better Manage Its Offering to Visitors? Observing Visitor Experiences via Online Reviews. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4660 .
AMA StyleHany Kim, Hyo Jae Joun, Yeongbae Choe, Ashley Schroeder. How Can a Destination Better Manage Its Offering to Visitors? Observing Visitor Experiences via Online Reviews. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (17):4660.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHany Kim; Hyo Jae Joun; Yeongbae Choe; Ashley Schroeder. 2019. "How Can a Destination Better Manage Its Offering to Visitors? Observing Visitor Experiences via Online Reviews." Sustainability 11, no. 17: 4660.
Seasonality is an essential factor influencing tourism demand and traveler behavior at the destination. As such, seasonality (i.e., the influx of tourists) needs to be managed by destination marketing organizations. Most tourism studies have focused mainly on the forecasting methods/metrics and the effect of seasonality at the aggregate level rather than understanding seasonal differences in the nature of the traveler and travel experience. The purpose of this study is to understand seasonality at both the aggregate market level and individual traveler level. As such, this study first utilizes the concept of the gravity model to understand seasonality in the number of inquiries through an official website. This study, then, uses seemingly unrelated regressions to estimate simultaneously the effect of various trip-related factors on overall trip expenditures and the length of the trip. The results show that the impact of seasonality on aggregated demand is surprisingly consistent across the seasons; however, individual-level analyses indicate that traveler behavior and travelers’ responses to advertising differ significantly across seasons. Thus, destination marketers need to understand the nature of seasonality of their specific markets more accurately to provide appropriate tourism products/services to their current and potential travelers.
Yeongbae Choe; Hany Kim; Hyo-Jae Joun. Differences in Tourist Behaviors across the Seasons: The Case of Northern Indiana. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4351 .
AMA StyleYeongbae Choe, Hany Kim, Hyo-Jae Joun. Differences in Tourist Behaviors across the Seasons: The Case of Northern Indiana. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (16):4351.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeongbae Choe; Hany Kim; Hyo-Jae Joun. 2019. "Differences in Tourist Behaviors across the Seasons: The Case of Northern Indiana." Sustainability 11, no. 16: 4351.
Religious destinations today are visited by a large number of tourists, whose travel motives may vary from purely religious to purely secular. Diverse motives and on-site experiences are, in turn, causing a shift in the identity perception of these destinations. However, research is still limited regarding the dynamic relationship between travelers’ motivation and the perceived identity of a religious space. Using a theoretical–thematic analysis, this study analyzes the online written accounts of visitors to Camino de Santiago (a route-based pilgrimage site) to understand (i) the motivational and experiential differences among religious versus non-religious travelers, and (ii) the perceived identity of Camino with respect to Smith’s “pilgrimage–tourism continuum”. Despite the increase in secular motives, the majority of travelers showed some form of spiritual connection with Camino. Concurrent with the contemporary shifts in the idea of “religion”, Camino continues to be a religious place driven by inner goals, albeit in a more personal, interpretive, and “spiritual” way.
Hany Kim; Semih Yilmaz; Soyoun Ahn. Motivational Landscape and Evolving Identity of a Route-Based Religious Tourism Space: A Case of Camino de Santiago. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3547 .
AMA StyleHany Kim, Semih Yilmaz, Soyoun Ahn. Motivational Landscape and Evolving Identity of a Route-Based Religious Tourism Space: A Case of Camino de Santiago. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (13):3547.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHany Kim; Semih Yilmaz; Soyoun Ahn. 2019. "Motivational Landscape and Evolving Identity of a Route-Based Religious Tourism Space: A Case of Camino de Santiago." Sustainability 11, no. 13: 3547.
This study examined the outcome of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics from multiple perspectives. Tourism and sport researchers have focused on the legacy of mega-events, due to the opportunity they provide to transform a city positively, including through the development of the tourism industry. However, outcomes are not always positive, and the effects differ for every event. The effects of an event can be short-term or long-term. An event, to be truly successful, should aim to have a long-lasting and sustainable positive effect for everyone involved in hosting the event. Additionally, the outcome effects are perceived to be different by each stakeholder of any event. While the roles of volunteers are critical to the success of an event, their perspectives of the event outcomes have been relatively overlooked. Therefore, this study examined the legacy of the 2018 Winter Olympics, as the most recent and unique Olympics (also known as the Peace Olympics), from the perspectives of the volunteers as co-creators. Specifically, volunteers were asked to explain their perceptions of the success of the Olympics. Furthermore, they were asked to identify the legacy of volunteering and the legacy of the Olympics, in order to examine whether volunteers can distinguish the difference between the legacies of volunteering and the Olympics (i.e., event legacy). Using a modified version of content analysis, the results of the volunteer interviews indicated that volunteers identified the legacies of volunteering on a more personal level, emphasizing personal experience, while they identified the legacies of the Olympics on a community and national level.
Hany Kim; Yeongbae Choe; Daehwan Kim; Jeongmi (Jamie) Kim. For Sustainable Benefits and Legacies of Mega-Events: A Case Study of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics from the Perspective of the Volunteer Co-Creators. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2473 .
AMA StyleHany Kim, Yeongbae Choe, Daehwan Kim, Jeongmi (Jamie) Kim. For Sustainable Benefits and Legacies of Mega-Events: A Case Study of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics from the Perspective of the Volunteer Co-Creators. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (9):2473.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHany Kim; Yeongbae Choe; Daehwan Kim; Jeongmi (Jamie) Kim. 2019. "For Sustainable Benefits and Legacies of Mega-Events: A Case Study of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics from the Perspective of the Volunteer Co-Creators." Sustainability 11, no. 9: 2473.
The role of volunteers is an important factor for the sustainability of mega sports events. Key issues in the literature on sports event volunteers are volunteer satisfaction and its determinants and outcomes. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the effects of the fulfillment of volunteers’ psychological needs and Volunteer Management Practices (VMP) on overall volunteer satisfaction, and to test their conditional effects depending on volunteer involvement. Additionally, the present study aimed to examine the effects of volunteer satisfaction on future volunteer activity, word-of-mouth, and host city visitation. For these purposes, a survey was conducted with 2442 volunteers in the context of the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics in South Korea. The results of a Latent Moderated Structural Equation (LMS) revealed that the fulfillment of volunteers’ general needs and volunteer satisfaction with the VMP have positive effects on overall volunteer satisfaction. Interestingly, these effects were differently moderated by the level of volunteer involvement. Overall volunteer satisfaction was found to positively affect future volunteering intention, spreading positive words regarding sports event volunteering, and intention to visit the host city as tourists. In conclusion, sports event managers need to design an optimal work environment that can fulfill volunteers’ psychological needs and improve VMP to enhance the sustainability of mega sports events.
Daehwan Kim; Chanmin Park; Hany Kim; Jeeyoon Kim. Determinants and Outcomes of Volunteer Satisfaction in Mega Sports Events. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1859 .
AMA StyleDaehwan Kim, Chanmin Park, Hany Kim, Jeeyoon Kim. Determinants and Outcomes of Volunteer Satisfaction in Mega Sports Events. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (7):1859.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDaehwan Kim; Chanmin Park; Hany Kim; Jeeyoon Kim. 2019. "Determinants and Outcomes of Volunteer Satisfaction in Mega Sports Events." Sustainability 11, no. 7: 1859.
Yeongbae Choe; Hany Kim; Inje Cho. Role of patriotism in explaining event attendance intention and media consumption intention: the case of Rio 2016. Current Issues in Tourism 2019, 23, 523 -529.
AMA StyleYeongbae Choe, Hany Kim, Inje Cho. Role of patriotism in explaining event attendance intention and media consumption intention: the case of Rio 2016. Current Issues in Tourism. 2019; 23 (5):523-529.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYeongbae Choe; Hany Kim; Inje Cho. 2019. "Role of patriotism in explaining event attendance intention and media consumption intention: the case of Rio 2016." Current Issues in Tourism 23, no. 5: 523-529.