Matrine is an alkaloid extracted from traditional Chinese herbs including Sophora flavescentis, Sophora alopecuroides, Sophora root, etc. It has the dual advantages of traditional Chinese herbs and chemotherapy drugs. It exhibits distinct benefits in preventing and improving chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and tumors. The review introduced recent research progresses on extraction, synthesis and derivatization of Matrine. The summary focused on the latest research advances of Matrine on anti-atherosclerosis, anti-hypertension, anti-ischemia reperfusion injury, anti-arrhythmia, anti-diabetic cardiovascular complications, anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterium, anti-virus, which would provide new core structures and new insights for new drug development in related fields.

The advent of nanotechnology has opened new possibilities for bioimaging. Metal nanoparticles (such as gold, silver, iron, copper, etc.) hold tremendous potential and offer enormous opportunities for imaging and diagnostics due to their broad optical characteristics, ease of manufacturing technique, and simple surface modification. The arginine-glycine-aspartate (RGD) peptide is a three-amino acid sequence that seems to have a considerably greater ability to adhere to integrin adhesion molecules that exclusively express on tumour cells. RGD peptides act as the efficient tailoring ligand with a variety of benefits including non-toxicity, greater precision, rapid clearance, etc. This review focuses on the possibility of non-invasive cancer imaging using metal nanoparticles with RGD assistance. Graphical abstract

The elucidation of protein structures by X-ray crystallography remains the most effectual method to provide accurate structural details at atomic resolution for rational drug design and other biotechnological research studies. Also, emerging applications of protein crystals as ordered nanostructure scaffolds for catalysis, imaging, and drug delivery are attracting much attention. However, the first step of these applications is obtaining high-quality crystals, which is still an obstacle. Successful crystallization requires two steps: nucleation and crystal growth, while the nucleation is a precondition for harvesting the crystal of interest. So controlling protein nucleation may be an alternative breakthrough for this bottleneck. It is well known that nucleants can induce protein crystallization and improve crystal quality, so investigation on the nucleants that can be universally used for any protein crystallization is ongoing. This manuscript reviews the advances that have been achieved using nucleants in protein crystallization and it is a suitable reference for practical crystallization.

Poly-adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) implements posttranslational mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation modification of target proteins. Among the known 18 members in the enormous family of PARP enzymes, several investigations about PARP1, PARP2, and PARP5a/5b have been launched in the past few decades; more specifically, PARP14 is gradually emerging as a promising drug target. An intact PARP14 (also named ARTD8 or BAL2) is constructed by macro1, macro2, macro3, WWE, and the catalytic domain. PARP14 takes advantage of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) as a metabolic substrate to conduct mono-ADP-ribosylation modification on target proteins, taking part in cellular responses and signaling pathways in the immune system. Therefore, PARP14 has been considered a fascinating target for treatment of tumors and allergic inflammation. More importantly, PARP14 could be a potential target for a chemosensitizer based on the theory of synthetic lethality and its unique role in homologous recombination DNA repair. This review first gives a brief introduction on several representative PARP members. Subsequently, current literatures are presented to reveal the molecular mechanisms of PARP14 as a novel drug target for cancers (e.g., diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, multiple myeloma, prostate cancer, and hepatocellular carcinoma) and allergic inflammatory. Finally, potential PARP inhibitor-associated adverse effects are discussed. The review could be a meaningful reference for innovative drug or chemosensitizer discovery targeting to PARP14.

Malignant tumors seriously threaten people’s health and life worldwide. Natural products, with definite pharmacological effects and known chemical structures, present dual advantages of Chinese herbs and chemotherapeutic drug. Some of them exhibit favorable anti-cancer activity. Natural products were categorized into eight classes according to their chemical structures, including alkaloids, terpenoids and volatile oils, inorganic salts, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids and isoflavones, quinone, saponins and polysaccharides. The review focused on the latest advances in anti-cancer activity of representative natural products for every class. Additionally, anti-cancer molecular mechanism and derivatization of natural products were summarized in detail, which would provide new core structures and new insights for anti-cancer new drug development.

Graphical LncRNAs interacted with proteins in BC. (A) UCA1 interacts with C/EBPα. (B) Lnc-LBCS directly binds to hnRNPK and EZH2, and inhibits SOX2 transcription. (C) XIST-TET1-p53 pathway in BC. (D) DGCR5 promotes P21 transcription via interacting with ARID1A. (E) LSINCT5 promotes tumor progression by interacting with NCYM, and inhibiting GSK3β activity and promoting Wnt/β-catenin signaling activation. (F) GAS5 inhibits EZH2 transcription by interacting with E2F4. (G) AWPPH promotes cell proliferation, autophagy, and migration through binding to SMAD4 via EZH2. P indicates promoter. (H) LNMAT1 regulates CCL2 expression through interaction with hnRNPL. Protein-RNA interactions are important aspects of many cellular functions, and lncRNAs are involved in modulating BC through different molecular mechanisms, including binding to one or more protein partners.