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Dr. Francisco javier Alcalá
Geological Survey of Spain

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0 Groundwater
0 drylands
0 Groundwater flow and transport
0 Recharge
0 hydroeconomics

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Recharge
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Journal article
Published: 12 August 2021 in Sustainability
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In recent years, social and environmental conflicts concerning the aquaculture sector have increased. These conflicts arise from the different perception that individuals, collectives, private companies and the State have about the potential impacts of aquaculture on the environment and quality of life. The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) of aquaculture projects in Chile is the main administrative tool for decision-making, allowing identify, predict, and propose preventive measures to mitigate negative consequences of this growing sector. This article analyzes the performance of the EIA in Chile concerning aquaculture projects between 1994 and 2019. Of the 5323 projects entering the Chilean EIA during this period, the EIA system-performance analysis selected the 71 most representative. For a reliable comparative analysis, the selected projects were first classified in accordance with the active regulation within the period. Subsequently, 14 performance indicators were selected and similarities—by means of a principal coordinate analysis—were explored. Significant differences between the third (SD40) and the first two (SD30 and SD95) regulations were observed. Based on these results and considering demands of local communities and social leaders (who request continuous articulations among technical areas, administrative tools, and policies to increase the sustainability standards of aquaculture), four opportunities for improving the EIA in aquaculture projects are proposed: incorporation of synergistic and cumulative effects, adaptation to climate change, development of a general methodology, and incorporation of early citizen participation (in projects having environmental charge) increasing the performance and confidence of the EIA. The introduced methodology enables comparisons of the EIA process in different regulatory periods using indicators, serving as guidance to evaluate the performance of the EIA in aquaculture. This methodology can also be used by other aquaculture producing countries around the world.

ACS Style

Dante Rodríguez-Luna; Nuria Vela; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Francisco Encina-Montoya. The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects. Sustainability 2021, 13, 9006 .

AMA Style

Dante Rodríguez-Luna, Nuria Vela, Francisco Javier Alcalá, Francisco Encina-Montoya. The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (16):9006.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dante Rodríguez-Luna; Nuria Vela; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Francisco Encina-Montoya. 2021. "The Environmental Impact Assessment in Aquaculture Projects in Chile: A Retrospective and Prospective Review Considering Cultural Aspects." Sustainability 13, no. 16: 9006.

Editorial
Published: 10 July 2021 in Scientific Programming
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This special issue delivers a platform in which researchers expose intersections between algorithm design, software platforms, and hardware architectures to deal with emerging challenges in the scientific field of management of water and water-dependent resources. Since the call for papers was announced in June 2019, this special issue has received 10 manuscripts. After a rigorous review process, 6 papers have been finally accepted for publication. Published papers deal with groundwater quality monitoring, coastal groundwater-dependent irrigation agriculture, desertification risk, water recovery from tailings, future scenarios of water resources, and vulnerability of coastal aquifers.

ACS Style

Francisco J. Alcalá; Jaime Martínez-Valderrama; Francisco Gomáriz-Castillo; Carlos G. Hernández; José M. Cecilia. Scientific Programming Tools for Water Management. Scientific Programming 2021, 2021, 1 -3.

AMA Style

Francisco J. Alcalá, Jaime Martínez-Valderrama, Francisco Gomáriz-Castillo, Carlos G. Hernández, José M. Cecilia. Scientific Programming Tools for Water Management. Scientific Programming. 2021; 2021 ():1-3.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco J. Alcalá; Jaime Martínez-Valderrama; Francisco Gomáriz-Castillo; Carlos G. Hernández; José M. Cecilia. 2021. "Scientific Programming Tools for Water Management." Scientific Programming 2021, no. : 1-3.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2021 in Applied Sciences
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This paper conceptualizes and evaluates the groundwater resource in a coastal urban area hydrologically influenced by peri-urban irrigation agriculture. Adra town in southern Spain was the case study chosen to evaluate the groundwater resource contributed from the northern steep urban sector (NSUS) to the southern flat urban sector (SFUS), which belongs to the Adra River Delta Groundwater Body (ARDGB). The methodology included (1) geological and hydrogeological data compilation; (2) thirteen Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW), and eight Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) profiles to define shallow geological structures and some hydrogeological features; (3) hydrogeological surveys for aquifer hydraulic definition; (4) conceptualization of the hydrogeological functioning; and (5) the NSUS groundwater resource evaluation. All findings were integrated to prepare a 1:5000 scale hydrogeological map and cross-sections. Ten hydrogeological formations were defined, four of them (Paleozoic weathered bedrock, Pleistocene littoral facies, Holocene colluvial, and anthropogenic filling) in the NSUS contributing to the SFUS. The NSUS groundwater discharge and recharge are, respectively, around 0.28 Mm3 year−1 and 0.31 Mm3 year−1, and the actual groundwater storage is around 0.47 Mm3. The groundwater renewability is high enough to guarantee a durable small exploitation for specific current and future urban water uses which can alleviate the pressure on the ARDGB.

ACS Style

Francisco Alcalá; Pedro Martínez-Pagán; Maria Paz; Manuel Navarro; Jaruselsky Pérez-Cuevas; Francisco Domingo. Combining of MASW and GPR Imaging and Hydrogeological Surveys for the Groundwater Resource Evaluation in a Coastal Urban Area in Southern Spain. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 3154 .

AMA Style

Francisco Alcalá, Pedro Martínez-Pagán, Maria Paz, Manuel Navarro, Jaruselsky Pérez-Cuevas, Francisco Domingo. Combining of MASW and GPR Imaging and Hydrogeological Surveys for the Groundwater Resource Evaluation in a Coastal Urban Area in Southern Spain. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (7):3154.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco Alcalá; Pedro Martínez-Pagán; Maria Paz; Manuel Navarro; Jaruselsky Pérez-Cuevas; Francisco Domingo. 2021. "Combining of MASW and GPR Imaging and Hydrogeological Surveys for the Groundwater Resource Evaluation in a Coastal Urban Area in Southern Spain." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7: 3154.

Editorial
Published: 10 December 2020 in Water
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The evaluation of aquifer recharge is essential to make a quantitative evaluation of renewable groundwater resources required to implement proper water policies aimed at maintaining stream–aquifer interactions, guaranteeing water supply to human activities, and preserving groundwater-dependent ecosystems at different spatial and temporal scales and climate conditions

ACS Style

Francisco J. Alcalá; David Pulido-Velazquez; Luis Ribeiro. Impacts of Climate on Renewable Groundwater Resources and/or Stream–Aquifer Interactions. Water 2020, 12, 3480 .

AMA Style

Francisco J. Alcalá, David Pulido-Velazquez, Luis Ribeiro. Impacts of Climate on Renewable Groundwater Resources and/or Stream–Aquifer Interactions. Water. 2020; 12 (12):3480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco J. Alcalá; David Pulido-Velazquez; Luis Ribeiro. 2020. "Impacts of Climate on Renewable Groundwater Resources and/or Stream–Aquifer Interactions." Water 12, no. 12: 3480.

Journal article
Published: 03 December 2020 in Geosciences
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An interdisciplinary study based on lithostratigraphic, biostratigraphic, petrographic and mineralogical analyses has been performed in order to establish the Cenozoic tectono-sedimentary evolution of the El Habt and Ouezzane Tectonic Units (External Intrarif Subzone, External Rif, Morocco). The reconstructed record allowed identification of the depositional architecture and related sedimentary processes of the considered units. The Cenozoic successions were biochronologically defined allowing, at the same time, identification of unconformities and associated stratigraphic gaps. The presence of five unconformities allowed for the definition of the main stratigraphic units arranged in a regressive trend: (1) lower Paleocene interval (Danian p.p.) assigned to a deep basin; (2) Eocene interval (lower Ypresian-lower Bartonian p.p.) from a deep basin to an external carbonate-siliceous platform; (3) lower Rupelian-upper Chattian p.p. interval deposited on unstable slope with turbidite channels passing upward to an external siliciclastic platform; (4) Burdigalian p.p. interval from a slope; (5) Langhian-Serravallian p.p. interval from slope to external platform realms. The petrography of the arenites and calcarenites allowed for the identification of the supplies derived from erosion of a recycled orogen (transitional and quartzose subtypes). The clay-mineralogy analysis indicates an unroofing (first erosion of Cretaceous terrains followed by upper Jurassic rocks) always accomplished by erosion of Cenozoic terrains. Several tectofacies checked in some stratigraphic intervals seem to indicate the beginning of deformation of the basement generating gentle folds and first activation of blind thrusts, mainly during the Paleogene. A preorogenic tectonic framework is considered as responseto the generalized tectonic inversion (from extension to compression) as frequently registered in the central-western peri-Mediterranean areas. The large volumes of reworked terrigeneous supply during the latest Oligocene-Miocene p.p. indicates the beginningsof the synorogenic sedimentation (foredeep stage of the basins) controlled by active tectonics.

ACS Style

Manuel Martín-Martín; Francesco Guerrera; Rachid Hlila; Alí Maaté; Soufian Maaté; Mario Tramontana; Francisco Serrano; Juan Cañaveras; Francisco Alcalá; Douglas Paton. Tectono-Sedimentary Cenozoic Evolution of the El Habt and Ouezzane Tectonic Units (External Rif, Morocco). Geosciences 2020, 10, 487 .

AMA Style

Manuel Martín-Martín, Francesco Guerrera, Rachid Hlila, Alí Maaté, Soufian Maaté, Mario Tramontana, Francisco Serrano, Juan Cañaveras, Francisco Alcalá, Douglas Paton. Tectono-Sedimentary Cenozoic Evolution of the El Habt and Ouezzane Tectonic Units (External Rif, Morocco). Geosciences. 2020; 10 (12):487.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Martín-Martín; Francesco Guerrera; Rachid Hlila; Alí Maaté; Soufian Maaté; Mario Tramontana; Francisco Serrano; Juan Cañaveras; Francisco Alcalá; Douglas Paton. 2020. "Tectono-Sedimentary Cenozoic Evolution of the El Habt and Ouezzane Tectonic Units (External Rif, Morocco)." Geosciences 10, no. 12: 487.

Journal article
Published: 22 November 2020 in Water
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The management of droughts is a challenging issue, especially in water scarcity areas, where this problem will be exacerbated in the future. The aim of this paper is to identify potential groundwater (GW) bodies with reduced vulnerability to pumping, which can be used as buffer values to define sustainable conjunctive use management during droughts. Assuming that the long term natural mean reserves are maintained, a preliminary assessment of GW vulnerability can be obtained by using the natural turnover time (T) index, defined in each GW body as the storage capacity (S) divided by the recharge (R). Aquifers where R is close to S are extremely vulnerable to exploitation. This approach will be applied in the 146 Spanish GW bodies at risk of not achieving the Water Framework Directive (WFD objectives, to maintain a good quantitative status. The analyses will be focused on the impacts of the climate drivers on the mean T value for Historical and potential future scenarios, assuming that the Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes and the management strategies will allow maintenance of the long term mean natural GW body reserves. Around 26.9% of these GW bodies show low vulnerability to pumping, when viewing historical T values over 100 years, this percentage growing to 33.1% in near future horizon values (until 2045). The results show a significant heterogeneity. The range of variability for the historical T values is around 3700 years, which also increases in the near future to 4200 years. These T indices will change in future horizons, and, therefore, the potential of GW resources to undergo sustainable strategies to adapt to climate change will also change accordingly, making it necessary to apply adaptive management strategies.

ACS Style

David Pulido-Velazquez; Javier Romero; Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara; Francisco J. Alcalá; Francisca Fernández-Chacón; Leticia Baena-Ruiz. Using the Turnover Time Index to Identify Potential Strategic Groundwater Resources to Manage Droughts within Continental Spain. Water 2020, 12, 3281 .

AMA Style

David Pulido-Velazquez, Javier Romero, Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara, Francisco J. Alcalá, Francisca Fernández-Chacón, Leticia Baena-Ruiz. Using the Turnover Time Index to Identify Potential Strategic Groundwater Resources to Manage Droughts within Continental Spain. Water. 2020; 12 (11):3281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Pulido-Velazquez; Javier Romero; Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara; Francisco J. Alcalá; Francisca Fernández-Chacón; Leticia Baena-Ruiz. 2020. "Using the Turnover Time Index to Identify Potential Strategic Groundwater Resources to Manage Droughts within Continental Spain." Water 12, no. 11: 3281.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2020 in Applied Sciences
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This paper integrates multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) and time-lapse electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) to define aquifer geometry and identify transient groundwater features of the Cascalheira Stream Basin Holocene alluvial aquifer (aquifer H), which contributes to the Santo André Lagoon, part of a coastal groundwater-dependent ecosystem (GDE), located in southwest Portugal. MASW measures shear-wave velocity (VS), allowing one to obtain steady geological models of the subsurface, and ERT measures subsurface electrical resistivity (ER), being subjected to ambient changes. MASW enables disambiguation of geological structures in low ER environments, such as coastal areas. This research covered one natural year and involved one MASW campaign, four ERT campaigns, and additional geological field surveys and groundwater monitoring to assist interpretation of results. In the area, the conjugate NW–SE and NE–SW strike-slip fault systems determine compartmentalization of geological structures and subsequent accommodation space for Holocene sedimentation. MASW and ERT surveys show how the NW–SE system deepens these structures toward the coast, whereas the NE–SW system generates small horsts and grabens, being one of these occupied by aquifer H. From upstream to downstream, aquifer H thickness and width increase from 10 m to 12 m and from 140 m to 240 m, respectively. Performance of VS and ER models was satisfactory, with a normalized error of the VR and ER models in the 0.01–0.09 range, meaning that a quantitative quota of uncertainty can be segregated from the overall uncertainty of groundwater models without substantially affecting its simulations accuracy. This methodology seeks to improve the design of shallow groundwater research in GDE preservation policies.

ACS Style

Maria Catarina Paz; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Ana Medeiros; Pedro Martínez-Pagán; Jaruselsky Pérez-Cuevas; Luís Ribeiro. Integrated MASW and ERT Imaging for Geological Definition of an Unconfined Alluvial Aquifer Sustaining a Coastal Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystem in Southwest Portugal. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 5905 .

AMA Style

Maria Catarina Paz, Francisco Javier Alcalá, Ana Medeiros, Pedro Martínez-Pagán, Jaruselsky Pérez-Cuevas, Luís Ribeiro. Integrated MASW and ERT Imaging for Geological Definition of an Unconfined Alluvial Aquifer Sustaining a Coastal Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystem in Southwest Portugal. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (17):5905.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Catarina Paz; Francisco Javier Alcalá; Ana Medeiros; Pedro Martínez-Pagán; Jaruselsky Pérez-Cuevas; Luís Ribeiro. 2020. "Integrated MASW and ERT Imaging for Geological Definition of an Unconfined Alluvial Aquifer Sustaining a Coastal Groundwater-Dependent Ecosystem in Southwest Portugal." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17: 5905.

Research article
Published: 29 June 2020 in Scientific Programming
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Desertification is a major global environmental issue exacerbated by climate change. Strategies to combat desertification include prevention which seeks to reverse the process before the system reaches the stable desertified state. One of these initiatives is to implement early warning tools. This paper presents SAT (the Spanish acronym for Early Warning System), a decision support system (DSS), for assessing the risk of desertification in Spain, where 20% of the land has already been desertified and 1% is in active degradation. SAT relies on three versions of a Generic Desertification Model (GDM) that integrates economics and ecology under the predator-prey paradigm. The models have been programmed using Vensim, a type of software used to build and simulate System Dynamics (SD) models. Through Visual Basic programming, these models are operated from the Excel environment. In addition to the basic simulation exercises, specially designed tools have been coupled to assess the risk of desertification and determine the ranking of the most influential factors of the process. The users targeted by SAT are government land-use planners as well as desertification experts. SAT tool is implemented for five case studies, each one of them representing a desertification syndrome identified in Spain. Given the general nature of the tool and the fact that all United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) signatory countries are committed to developing their National Plans to Combat Desertification (NPCD), SAT could be exported to regions threatened by desertification and expanded to cover more case studies.

ACS Style

Jaime Martínez-Valderrama; Javier Ibáñez; Francisco J. Alcalá; Silvio Martínez. SAT: A Software for Assessing the Risk of Desertification in Spain. Scientific Programming 2020, 2020, 1 -12.

AMA Style

Jaime Martínez-Valderrama, Javier Ibáñez, Francisco J. Alcalá, Silvio Martínez. SAT: A Software for Assessing the Risk of Desertification in Spain. Scientific Programming. 2020; 2020 ():1-12.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaime Martínez-Valderrama; Javier Ibáñez; Francisco J. Alcalá; Silvio Martínez. 2020. "SAT: A Software for Assessing the Risk of Desertification in Spain." Scientific Programming 2020, no. : 1-12.

Research article
Published: 14 May 2020 in Scientific Programming
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In the framework of coastal groundwater-dependent irrigation agriculture, modelling becomes indispensable to know how this renewable resource responds to complex (usually not conceptualized nor monitored) biophysical, social, and economic interactions. Friendly user interfaces are essential to involve nonmodeling experts in exploiting and improving models. Decision support systems (DSS) are software systems that integrate models, databases, or other decision aids and package them in a way that decision makers can use. This paper addresses these two issues: firstly with the implementation of a System Dynamics (SD) model in Vensim software that considers the integration of hydrological, agronomic, and economic drivers and secondly with the design of a Venapp, push-button interfaces that allow users access to a Vensim model without going through the Vensim modelling environment. The prototype designed, the AQUACOAST tool, gives an idea of the possibilities of this type of models to identify and analyze the impact of apparently unrelated factors such as the prices of cultivated products, subsidies or exploitation costs on the advance of saltwater intrusion, and the great threat to coastal groundwater-dependent irrigation agriculture systems.

ACS Style

Jaime Martínez-Valderrama; Javier Ibáñez; Francisco J. Alcalá. AQUACOAST: A Simulation Tool to Explore Coastal Groundwater and Irrigation Farming Interactions. Scientific Programming 2020, 2020, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Jaime Martínez-Valderrama, Javier Ibáñez, Francisco J. Alcalá. AQUACOAST: A Simulation Tool to Explore Coastal Groundwater and Irrigation Farming Interactions. Scientific Programming. 2020; 2020 ():1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jaime Martínez-Valderrama; Javier Ibáñez; Francisco J. Alcalá. 2020. "AQUACOAST: A Simulation Tool to Explore Coastal Groundwater and Irrigation Farming Interactions." Scientific Programming 2020, no. : 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2020 in Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics
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The electromagnetic-wave attenuation coefficient determines the overall resolution and effective penetration depth of ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys. Despite this relevance to the design of proper GPR surveys, the attenuation expressions are rarely used in the applied shallow groundwater research (SGR) literature. This work examines the status of the attenuation expressions in SGR. For this, 73 GPR case studies (in 47 papers), including some information concerning the attenuation variables and parameters, were selected to build a database. From these, 18 cases (in 10 papers) provided attenuation expressions and only 11 cases (in 4 papers) used those expressions. Two types of expressions were identified, physically based global ones that try to solve a broad (but not complete) range of environmental and field technical conditions, and non-global ones adapted for specific geological environments and resolution needed. The database analysis showed that both global and non-global expressions were used exclusively in low-loss media to report an attenuation range of 0.1–21.5 dB m−1 by using common antenna frequencies in the 25–900 MHz range. The range of the attenuation expressions validity in SGR is biased because no surveys in variable-loss heterogeneous media and wider antenna frequency intervals could be compiled. The attenuation database generated seeks to improve the design of GPR surveys in SGR.

ACS Style

Maria Catarina Paz; Francisco Alcala; Luís Ribeiro. Ground Penetrating Radar Attenuation Expressions in Shallow Groundwater Research. Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 2020, 25, 153 -160.

AMA Style

Maria Catarina Paz, Francisco Alcala, Luís Ribeiro. Ground Penetrating Radar Attenuation Expressions in Shallow Groundwater Research. Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. 2020; 25 (1):153-160.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Catarina Paz; Francisco Alcala; Luís Ribeiro. 2020. "Ground Penetrating Radar Attenuation Expressions in Shallow Groundwater Research." Journal of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 25, no. 1: 153-160.

Originalpaper
Published: 01 March 2020 in Geotectonics
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Extension parallel to fold axis represents a rarely documented tectonic process that occur in different tectonic settings such as large-scale orogenic belts, mountain ranges, and thrust and fold belts. Along the Ecuadorian Andes, extensional systems have only been reported as tectonic boundaries of local intermontane basins, pull-apart depressions and outer-arc stretching faults along hinge surfaces in compressional antiforms. The Quito fault system shows in planform view a right-stepping en-echelon arrangement which southernmost anticlinal ridge terminates as an arcuate structure locally dissected by the Saguanchi Gorge. Valley hillslopes of this transverse drainage display evidence of tectonic extension featured by several swarms of normal faults commonly dipping towards the valley bottom. Magnetotellurics sounding obtained across a N‒S line parallel to the crestline axis reveals three contiguous and distinguishable domains of which the central one shows a wedge-shaped geometry pointing down. This tectonic evidence for ongoing extensional deformation suggests that the process of fold-axis-parallel extension controlled the tectonic development and dissection of the Saguanchi Gorge across the anticlinal ridge. This episode marks a significant change in the groundwater recharge and aquifer storage conditions between the Quito basin and the inter-Andean Depression aquifer systems, currently in production to provide the potable water supply for the Quito city.

ACS Style

L. A. Peñafiel; P. S. B. Reyes; Francisco Alcala; M. R. Ramírez; A. Cabero. Fold-Axis Parallel Extension along the Southern Ending of the Quito (Ecuadorian Andes) Fault System: Implications in River Network and Aquifer Geometry. Geotectonics 2020, 54, 256 -265.

AMA Style

L. A. Peñafiel, P. S. B. Reyes, Francisco Alcala, M. R. Ramírez, A. Cabero. Fold-Axis Parallel Extension along the Southern Ending of the Quito (Ecuadorian Andes) Fault System: Implications in River Network and Aquifer Geometry. Geotectonics. 2020; 54 (2):256-265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. A. Peñafiel; P. S. B. Reyes; Francisco Alcala; M. R. Ramírez; A. Cabero. 2020. "Fold-Axis Parallel Extension along the Southern Ending of the Quito (Ecuadorian Andes) Fault System: Implications in River Network and Aquifer Geometry." Geotectonics 54, no. 2: 256-265.

Journal article
Published: 29 February 2020 in Water
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This paper couples the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and the chloride mass balance (CMB) method to improve the modeling of streamflow in high-permeability bedrock basins receiving interbasin groundwater flow (IGF). IGF refers to the naturally occurring groundwater flow beneath a topographic divide, which indicates that baseflow simulated by standard hydrological models may be substantially less than its actual magnitude. Identification and quantification of IGF is so difficult that most hydrological models use convenient simplifications to ignore it, leaving us with minimal knowledge of strategies to quantify it. The Castril River basin (CRB) was chosen to show this problematic and to propose the CMB method to assess the magnitude of the IGF contribution to baseflow. In this headwater area, which has null groundwater exploitation, the CMB method shows that yearly IGF hardly varies and represents about 51% of mean yearly baseflow. Based on this external IGF appraisal, simulated streamflow was corrected to obtain a reduction in the percent bias of the SWAT model, from 52.29 to 22.40. Corrected simulated streamflow was used during the SWAT model calibration and validation phases. The Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) coefficient and the logarithmic values of NSE (lnNSE) were used for overall SWAT model performance. For calibration and validation, monthly NSE was 0.77 and 0.80, respectively, whereas daily lnNSE was 0.81 and 0.64, respectively. This methodological framework, which includes initial system conceptualization and a new formulation, provides a reproducible way to deal with similar basins, the baseflow component of which is strongly determined by IGF.

ACS Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Francisco J. Alcalá; Sitian Liu; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez. Coupling SWAT Model and CMB Method for Modeling of High-Permeability Bedrock Basins Receiving Interbasin Groundwater Flow. Water 2020, 12, 657 .

AMA Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio, Francisco J. Alcalá, Sitian Liu, Patricia Jimeno-Sáez. Coupling SWAT Model and CMB Method for Modeling of High-Permeability Bedrock Basins Receiving Interbasin Groundwater Flow. Water. 2020; 12 (3):657.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Javier Senent-Aparicio; Francisco J. Alcalá; Sitian Liu; Patricia Jimeno-Sáez. 2020. "Coupling SWAT Model and CMB Method for Modeling of High-Permeability Bedrock Basins Receiving Interbasin Groundwater Flow." Water 12, no. 3: 657.

Journal article
Published: 21 August 2019 in Desalination
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The chloride-to-bromide molar ratio (R ≡ Cl/Br) is widely used in tracing groundwater salinity. Less experience exists on how some industrial processes such as the reverse osmosis (RO) water treatment modify the R value of desalinated water (P) and reject brine (T), and even less on how distinctive for hydrogeological applications the R changes are. This paper assesses the Cl/Br ratio usefulness to identify the effect of P and T on groundwater systems. First, the experimental R changes produced in P and T during standard RO operations and treatments of raw (I) seawater, brackish groundwater, and tertiary-treated domestic wastewater in nine RO plants (three in Gran Canaria Island and six in south-eastern continental Spain) were determined by means of the XP = RP/RI (R change in P) and XT = RT/RI (R change in T) ratios. XP and XT were respectively 0.90 and 1.07 for treatment 1 (weak pre-acidification) in one RO plant, 0.82 ± 0.09 and 0.94 ± 0.05 for treatment 2 (weak pre-acidification and weak pre-chlorination) in five RO plants, 0.63 and 0.97 for treatment 3 (moderate pre-acidification and strong pre-chlorination) in one RO plant, and 3.21 ± 2.02 and 1.00 ± 0.00 for treatment 4 (post-chlorination) in two RO plants. P was for irrigation (treatments 1 to 3) and for domestic use (treatment 4). Latter, the experimental XP and XT ratios were input data for six theoretical mixing scenarios aimed at showing how groundwater R changes in response to progressive contributions of P and T produced from different I water. The Cl/Br ratio enables to identify the effect of P from treatments 3 and 4, is scarcely effective for treatments 1 and 2, and is especially useful when P produced from seawater is used in other aquifer having different R. The Cl/Br ratio did not clearly identify T from any treatment.

ACS Style

Francisco J. Alcalá. Usefulness of the Cl/Br ratio to identify the effect of reverse osmosis treated waters on groundwater systems. Desalination 2019, 470, 114102 .

AMA Style

Francisco J. Alcalá. Usefulness of the Cl/Br ratio to identify the effect of reverse osmosis treated waters on groundwater systems. Desalination. 2019; 470 ():114102.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco J. Alcalá. 2019. "Usefulness of the Cl/Br ratio to identify the effect of reverse osmosis treated waters on groundwater systems." Desalination 470, no. : 114102.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2018 in Journal of Hydrology
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ACS Style

David Pulido-Velazquez; Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara; Francisco Alcala. Assessing impacts of future potential climate change scenarios on aquifer recharge in continental Spain. Journal of Hydrology 2018, 567, 803 -819.

AMA Style

David Pulido-Velazquez, Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara, Francisco Alcala. Assessing impacts of future potential climate change scenarios on aquifer recharge in continental Spain. Journal of Hydrology. 2018; 567 ():803-819.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Pulido-Velazquez; Antonio-Juan Collados-Lara; Francisco Alcala. 2018. "Assessing impacts of future potential climate change scenarios on aquifer recharge in continental Spain." Journal of Hydrology 567, no. : 803-819.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2018 in Science of The Total Environment
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In a previous paper, the Amtoudi Oasis, a remote area in the northern Sahara in southern Morocco, was chosen to model the dynamics of groundwater-dependent economics under different scenarios of water availability, both the wet 2009–2010 and the average 2010–2011 hydrological years. Groundwater imbalance was reflected by net aquifer recharge (R) less than groundwater allotment for agriculture and urban uses in the average year 2010–2011. Three key groundwater sustainability issues from the hydrologic perspective were raised for future research, which are addressed in this paper. Introducing a feasible methodology for groundwater resource modelling for sustainable use in sparse-data drylands, this paper updates available databases, compiles new databases, and introduces new formulations to: (1) refine the net groundwater balance (W) modelling for years 2009–2010 and 2010–2011, providing the magnitude of net lateral inflow from adjacent formations (RL), the largest R component contributing to the oasis; (2) evaluate the non-evaporative fraction of precipitation (P) (B) from 1973 onward as a proxy of the potential renewable water resource available for use; and (3) define the critical balance period for variables to reach a comparable stationary condition, as prerequisite for long-term modelling of W. RL was about 0.07-fold P and 0.85-fold R. Historical yearly B-to-P ratios were 0.02 for dry, 0.04 for average, and 0.07 for wet hydrological years; the average yearly P being 124 mm. A critical 17-year balance period with stable relative error below 0.1 was defined from the 44-year P and B time-series statistical study. This is the monitoring period proposed for the stationary evaluation of the variables involved in the long-term modelling of W. This paper seeks to offer a feasible methodology for groundwater modelling addressed for planning sustainable water policies in sparse-data drylands.

ACS Style

Francisco J. Alcalá; Manuel Martín-Martín; Francesco Guerrera; Jaime Martínez-Valderrama; Pedro Robles-Marín. A feasible methodology for groundwater resource modelling for sustainable use in sparse-data drylands: Application to the Amtoudi Oasis in the northern Sahara. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 630, 1246 -1257.

AMA Style

Francisco J. Alcalá, Manuel Martín-Martín, Francesco Guerrera, Jaime Martínez-Valderrama, Pedro Robles-Marín. A feasible methodology for groundwater resource modelling for sustainable use in sparse-data drylands: Application to the Amtoudi Oasis in the northern Sahara. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 630 ():1246-1257.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francisco J. Alcalá; Manuel Martín-Martín; Francesco Guerrera; Jaime Martínez-Valderrama; Pedro Robles-Marín. 2018. "A feasible methodology for groundwater resource modelling for sustainable use in sparse-data drylands: Application to the Amtoudi Oasis in the northern Sahara." Science of The Total Environment 630, no. : 1246-1257.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Near Surface Geophysics
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The damage distribution in the town of Adra (south‐eastern Spain) during the 1993 and 1994 Adra earthquakes of magnitude Mw~5.0 and maximum intensity degree of VII (European Macroseismic Scale) was mainly concentrated in the southeast sector, where the low‐diagenetic (soft) sediments outcrop. As new urbanizations are being planned in this sector, a soil classification based on the shallow shear‐wave velocity () structure is needed. For the purpose of earthquake disaster mitigation, the Spatial Autocorrelation (SPAC) and the Multichannel Analysis of Surface Waves (MASW) methods were used to propose integrated 2D models for the seismic response characterization of the shallow geology. Joint inversion of H/V spectral ratios of ambient noise, interpreted under the Diffuse Field Approach and the dispersion curves derived from the SPAC method allowed us to obtain more constrained models. Both SPAC and MASW methods provided similar results for the surveyed geological formations. From these models, a classification of the geological formations was carried out in terms of values and Eurocode 8 (European Committee for Standardization 1998) classes. Lower values in the 180‐360 m/s range were found in the southeastern sector of the town, where soft sediments outcrop and some building damage was reported during the 1993‐1994 earthquakes. The highest values exceeding 800 m/s appear in the northern sector, where the hardest rocks outcrop and no building damage was reported. The combination of the well‐suited database prepared for different geological formations with the 1:5,000 scale geological mapping was an important step to obtain the detailed soil microzonation map of Adra. This approach offered a new predictive insight into the building damage distribution, which would contribute to the appropriate urban planning for the future growth of the town.

ACS Style

Pedro Martínez-Pagán; Manuel Navarro; Jaruselsky Perez-Cuevas; Francisco Alcala; Antonio García-Jerez; F. Rancisco Vidal. Shear-wave velocity structure from MASW and SPAC methods: The case of Adra town, SE Spain. Near Surface Geophysics 2018, 16, 356 -371.

AMA Style

Pedro Martínez-Pagán, Manuel Navarro, Jaruselsky Perez-Cuevas, Francisco Alcala, Antonio García-Jerez, F. Rancisco Vidal. Shear-wave velocity structure from MASW and SPAC methods: The case of Adra town, SE Spain. Near Surface Geophysics. 2018; 16 (3):356-371.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pedro Martínez-Pagán; Manuel Navarro; Jaruselsky Perez-Cuevas; Francisco Alcala; Antonio García-Jerez; F. Rancisco Vidal. 2018. "Shear-wave velocity structure from MASW and SPAC methods: The case of Adra town, SE Spain." Near Surface Geophysics 16, no. 3: 356-371.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Geodinamica Acta
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ACS Style

Manuel Martín-Martín; Francesco Guerrera; Tomás Rodríguez-Estrella; Francisco Serrano; Francisco J. Alcalá; Giuliana Raffaelli; Mario Tramontana. Miocene tectono-sedimentary evolution of the eastern external Betic Cordillera (Spain). Geodinamica Acta 2018, 30, 265 -286.

AMA Style

Manuel Martín-Martín, Francesco Guerrera, Tomás Rodríguez-Estrella, Francisco Serrano, Francisco J. Alcalá, Giuliana Raffaelli, Mario Tramontana. Miocene tectono-sedimentary evolution of the eastern external Betic Cordillera (Spain). Geodinamica Acta. 2018; 30 (1):265-286.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Manuel Martín-Martín; Francesco Guerrera; Tomás Rodríguez-Estrella; Francisco Serrano; Francisco J. Alcalá; Giuliana Raffaelli; Mario Tramontana. 2018. "Miocene tectono-sedimentary evolution of the eastern external Betic Cordillera (Spain)." Geodinamica Acta 30, no. 1: 265-286.

Conference paper
Published: 01 January 2018 in 24th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics
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In this study an innovative geophysical monitoring methodology has been applied in a shallow alluvial aquifer in Santo André, SW Portugal, which has a vital importance to the maintenance of the groundwater dependent ecosystem (GDE) hosted in the Santo André lagoon. Time-lapse ERT, GPR and MASW were used to deduce the geometry of the aquifer and infer stream-aquifer interactions.

ACS Style

Maria Catarina Paz; Francisco Alcala; Pedro Martínez-Pagán; Jaruselsky Perez-Cuevas; L. Ribeiro. Combining Geophysical Techniques to Assess Geometry and Stream-Aquifer Interactions in a Coastal Alluvial Aquifer. 24th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Maria Catarina Paz, Francisco Alcala, Pedro Martínez-Pagán, Jaruselsky Perez-Cuevas, L. Ribeiro. Combining Geophysical Techniques to Assess Geometry and Stream-Aquifer Interactions in a Coastal Alluvial Aquifer. 24th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maria Catarina Paz; Francisco Alcala; Pedro Martínez-Pagán; Jaruselsky Perez-Cuevas; L. Ribeiro. 2018. "Combining Geophysical Techniques to Assess Geometry and Stream-Aquifer Interactions in a Coastal Alluvial Aquifer." 24th European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics , no. : 1.

Original paper
Published: 26 December 2017 in Arabian Journal of Geosciences
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The External Tanger Unit represents one of the most complete Cretaceous-Miocene successions in the central areas of the Internal Intrarif sub-Domain (External Rif Zones, Morocco). An interdisciplinary study has been carried out to propose a new characterization of this unit which would allow a better comprehension of the confused and complex relationships among different units of the same sub-domain. The results achieved can be summarized as follows: (1) redefinition of the stratigraphic (litho-, bio-, and chrono-) record and introduction of a new, informal lithostratigraphic terminology; (2) recognition of two main depositional sequences (lower-middle Eocene p.p. and lower Oligocene p.p.-lower Miocene p.p.) separated by extended gaps (latest Cretaceous-early Eocene p.p. and middle Eocene p.p.-early Oligocene p.p.); (3) reconstruction of the evolution of the sedimentary realm, and of the relationships between tectonics and sedimentation; and (4) comparison between the upper Cretaceous-Miocene stratigraphic record and tectonic events of the Intrarif, which is located in the western external portion of the Maghrebian Flysch Basin, and the equivalent sedimentary record of the eastern portion of this basin in the Tunisian Tell. More in general, our results allowed (i) a first reconstruction of the Cretaceous-Miocene main tectono-sedimentary events; (ii) a more detailed location of the sedimentary suite in the external African Margin in the context of a wider palaeogeographic framework; and (iii) the definition of the main stages of the geological evolution of the area.

ACS Style

Soufian Maaté; Francisco Alcala; Francesco Guerrera; Rachid Hlila; Alí Maaté; Manuel Martín-Martín; Giuliana Raffaelli; Francisco Serrano; Mario Tramontana. The External Tanger Unit (Intrarif sub-Domain, External Rifian Zones, Morocco): an interdisciplinary study. Arabian Journal of Geosciences 2017, 10, 556 .

AMA Style

Soufian Maaté, Francisco Alcala, Francesco Guerrera, Rachid Hlila, Alí Maaté, Manuel Martín-Martín, Giuliana Raffaelli, Francisco Serrano, Mario Tramontana. The External Tanger Unit (Intrarif sub-Domain, External Rifian Zones, Morocco): an interdisciplinary study. Arabian Journal of Geosciences. 2017; 10 (24):556.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Soufian Maaté; Francisco Alcala; Francesco Guerrera; Rachid Hlila; Alí Maaté; Manuel Martín-Martín; Giuliana Raffaelli; Francisco Serrano; Mario Tramontana. 2017. "The External Tanger Unit (Intrarif sub-Domain, External Rifian Zones, Morocco): an interdisciplinary study." Arabian Journal of Geosciences 10, no. 24: 556.

Review
Published: 01 October 2017 in Science of The Total Environment
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Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a high-resolution technique widely used in shallow groundwater prospecting. This makes GPR ideal to characterize the hydrogeological functioning of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDE). This paper reviews current uses of GPR in GDE research through the construction of a database comprising 91 worldwide GPR case studies selected from the literature and classified according to (1) geological environments favouring GDE; (2) hydrogeological research interests; and (3) field technical and (4) hydrogeological conditions of the survey. The database analysis showed that inland alluvial, colluvial, and glacial formations were the most widely covered geological environments. Water-table depth was the most repeated research interest. By contrast, weathered-marl and crystalline-rock environments as well as the delineation of salinity interfaces in coastal and inland areas were less studied. Despite that shallow groundwater propitiated GDE in almost all the GPR case studies compiled, only one case expressly addressed GDE research. Common ranges of prospecting depth, water-table depth, and volumetric water content deduced by GPR and other techniques were identified. Antenna frequency of 100MHz and the common offset acquisition technique predominated in the database. Most of GPR case studies were in 30-50° N temperate latitudes, mainly in Europe and North America. Eight original radargrams were selected from several GPR profiles performed in 2014 and 2015 to document database classes and identified gaps, as well as to define experimental ranges of operability in GDE environments. The results contribute to the design of proper GPR surveys in GDE research.

ACS Style

Catarina Paz; Francisco Alcala; Jorge Machado de Carvalho; Luis Ribeiro. Current uses of ground penetrating radar in groundwater-dependent ecosystems research. Science of The Total Environment 2017, 595, 868 -885.

AMA Style

Catarina Paz, Francisco Alcala, Jorge Machado de Carvalho, Luis Ribeiro. Current uses of ground penetrating radar in groundwater-dependent ecosystems research. Science of The Total Environment. 2017; 595 ():868-885.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Catarina Paz; Francisco Alcala; Jorge Machado de Carvalho; Luis Ribeiro. 2017. "Current uses of ground penetrating radar in groundwater-dependent ecosystems research." Science of The Total Environment 595, no. : 868-885.