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Soil enzyme activities have been suggested as suitable indicators for the evaluation of metal contamination because they are susceptible to microbial changes caused by heavy metal stress and are strictly related to soil nutrient cycles. However, there is a growing lack of recognition and summary of the historic advancements that use soil enzymology as the proposal of evaluation methods. Here, we review the most common methods of heavy metal pollution evaluation based on enzyme activities, which include single enzyme index, combined enzyme index, enzyme-based functional diversity index, microbiological stress index, and ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models. This review critically examines the advantages and disadvantages of these methods based on their execution complexity, performance, and ecological implications and gets a glimpse of avenues to come to improved future evaluation systems. Indices based on a single enzyme are variable and have no consistent response to soil heavy metals, and the following three composite indices are characterized by the loss of many critical microbial processes, which thus not conducive to reflect the effects of heavy metals on soil ecosystems. Considering the dexterity of ecoenzymatic stoichiometry methods in reflecting changes in soil functions under heavy metal stress, we propose that microbial metabolic limitations quantified by ecoenzymatic stoichiometry models could be promising indicators for enhancing the reality and acceptance of results and further improving the potential for actual utility in environmental decision-making.
Yongxing Cui; Xia Wang; Xiangxiang Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Linchuan Fang. Evaluation methods of heavy metal pollution in soils based on enzyme activities: A review. Soil Ecology Letters 2021, 3, 169 -177.
AMA StyleYongxing Cui, Xia Wang, Xiangxiang Wang, Xingchang Zhang, Linchuan Fang. Evaluation methods of heavy metal pollution in soils based on enzyme activities: A review. Soil Ecology Letters. 2021; 3 (3):169-177.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongxing Cui; Xia Wang; Xiangxiang Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Linchuan Fang. 2021. "Evaluation methods of heavy metal pollution in soils based on enzyme activities: A review." Soil Ecology Letters 3, no. 3: 169-177.
Heavy metals can exist in soil for a long time and seriously affect soil quality. The coexistence of various heavy metal pollutants leads to biotoxicity and alters the activity of microorganisms. Soil microbial metabolism plays an important role in nutrient cycling and biochemical processes of soil ecosystem. However, the effects of heavy metal contamination on microbial metabolism in soil are still unclear. This study aims to reveal the responses of microbial metabolic limitation to heavy metals using extracellular enzyme stoichiometry, and further to evaluate the potential impacts of heavy metal pollution on soil nutrient cycle. The results showed that soil microbial metabolism reflected by the ecoenzymatic activities had a significant response to soil heavy metals pollution. The metabolism was limited by soil carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) under varied heavy metal levels, and the increase of heavy metal concentration significantly increased the microbial C limitation, while had no effect on microbial P limitation. Microorganisms may increase the energy investment in metabolism to resist heavy metal stress and thus induce C release. The results suggest that energy metabolism selected by microorganisms in response to long-term heavy metal stress could increase soil C release, which is not conducive to the soil C sequestration. Our study emphasizes that ecoenzymatic stoichiometry could be a promising methodology for evaluating the toxicity of heavy metal pollution and its ecological effects on nutrient cycling.
Mingzhe Xu; Yongxing Cui; Jingzi Beiyuan; Xia Wang; Chengjiao Duan; Linchuan Fang. Heavy metal pollution increases soil microbial carbon limitation: Evidence from ecological enzyme stoichiometry. Soil Ecology Letters 2021, 3, 230 -241.
AMA StyleMingzhe Xu, Yongxing Cui, Jingzi Beiyuan, Xia Wang, Chengjiao Duan, Linchuan Fang. Heavy metal pollution increases soil microbial carbon limitation: Evidence from ecological enzyme stoichiometry. Soil Ecology Letters. 2021; 3 (3):230-241.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMingzhe Xu; Yongxing Cui; Jingzi Beiyuan; Xia Wang; Chengjiao Duan; Linchuan Fang. 2021. "Heavy metal pollution increases soil microbial carbon limitation: Evidence from ecological enzyme stoichiometry." Soil Ecology Letters 3, no. 3: 230-241.
Grazing prohibition is an effective measure in improving soil stability and ecological quality. However, only a limited number of studies have been published on the dominant factors that impact soil aggregate stability and their associated effects on nutrient distribution for different size soil aggregates under long-term grazing prohibition management. In this study, we investigated variation in soil aggregate stability and nutrient distribution characteristics in semiarid grassland sites under different grazing prohibition timeframes (0 years [GP0], 11 years [GP11], 26 years [GP26], and 36 years [GP36]). Results showed that organic carbon (C) and total nitrogen (TN) concentrations in soil aggregates decreased at GP11 before progressively increasing and reaching its highest value at GP36, and the total phosphorus (TP) concentration did not change significantly. Most nutrients accumulated in macroaggregates (> 0.25 mm) under grazing prohibition, and the nutrient stoichiometry in soil aggregates increased after 26 years. Compared to the control (GP0), the mean weight diameter (MWD) value of the soil stability index increased at GP11 (21.7%) and decreased at GP26 (18.9%). Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) also showed that the proportion of stable organic C-related functional groups (i.e., alkene-C and aromatic-C) in macroaggregates were higher at GP11 and GP36 than at GP26. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM), and the relative importance of regressors all showed that glomalin-related soil proteins (GRSP) and nutrients indirectly improved aggregate stability in semiarid grassland through their influence on the GRSP accumulation potential and nutrient stoichiometry. Generally, after 26 years grazing prohibition had a positive effect on soil aggregate stability and nutrient accumulation in the semiarid grassland sites investigated for this study. Results from this study provide a theoretical basis to select appropriate grazing prohibition timeframes under grassland management initiatives to optimize ecological quality measures in semiarid regions.
Dongdong Liu; Wenliang Ju; Xiaolian Jin; Mengdi Li; Guoting Shen; Chengjiao Duan; Liang Guo; Yanyan Liu; Wei Zhao; Linchuan Fang. Associated soil aggregate nutrients and controlling factors on aggregate stability in semiarid grassland under different grazing prohibition timeframes. Science of The Total Environment 2021, 777, 146104 .
AMA StyleDongdong Liu, Wenliang Ju, Xiaolian Jin, Mengdi Li, Guoting Shen, Chengjiao Duan, Liang Guo, Yanyan Liu, Wei Zhao, Linchuan Fang. Associated soil aggregate nutrients and controlling factors on aggregate stability in semiarid grassland under different grazing prohibition timeframes. Science of The Total Environment. 2021; 777 ():146104.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongdong Liu; Wenliang Ju; Xiaolian Jin; Mengdi Li; Guoting Shen; Chengjiao Duan; Liang Guo; Yanyan Liu; Wei Zhao; Linchuan Fang. 2021. "Associated soil aggregate nutrients and controlling factors on aggregate stability in semiarid grassland under different grazing prohibition timeframes." Science of The Total Environment 777, no. : 146104.
Rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) are important symbiotic microbes that are advantageous to plants growing in metal-contaminated soil. However, it remains unclear how inoculated microbes affect rhizosphere microbial communities or whether subsequent changes in rhizosphere microbiomes contribute to improving plant resistance under metal stress. This study investigated the effects of rhizobia and AMF inoculation on alfalfa resistance to Cd stress. The response of rhizosphere microbial communities to inoculation and its role in increasing alfalfa’ ability to cope with stress were further analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of 16S and ITS rRNA genes. Results showed that single rhizobia or AMF inoculation significantly improved alfalfa resistance to Cd stress, while their co-inoculation resulted in the greatest overall improvement. Improved resistance was reflected by the significant mitigation of Cd-induced lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) stress caused by increases in antioxidant enzyme activities along with co-inoculation. Furthermore, co-inoculation significantly altered the rhizosphere microbial community structure by decreasing fungal community diversity and increasing bacterial community diversity. Results of partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) and variation partitioning analysis (VPA) showed that the rhizosphere bacterial community predominated over the fungal community with respected to improvements in resistance to Cd stress under the co-inoculation treatments. This improvement was specifically seen in the enrichment of certain key bacterial taxa (including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi) induced by the rhizobia and AMF co-inoculation, enhancing alfalfa’ ability to uptake rhizosphere nutrients and reduce its release of photosynthetically-derived carbon (C) into soil. Our findings revealed that the co-inoculation of multiple symbiotic microbes can assist plants to effectively cope with Cd stress, providing a greater understanding of rhizosphere bacterial taxa in the microbe-induced phytomanagement.
Xia Wang; Linchuan Fang; Jingzi Beiyuan; Yongxing Cui; Qi Peng; Shilei Zhu; Man Wang; Xingchang Zhang. Improvement of alfalfa resistance against Cd stress through rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi co-inoculation in Cd-contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution 2021, 277, 116758 .
AMA StyleXia Wang, Linchuan Fang, Jingzi Beiyuan, Yongxing Cui, Qi Peng, Shilei Zhu, Man Wang, Xingchang Zhang. Improvement of alfalfa resistance against Cd stress through rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi co-inoculation in Cd-contaminated soil. Environmental Pollution. 2021; 277 ():116758.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia Wang; Linchuan Fang; Jingzi Beiyuan; Yongxing Cui; Qi Peng; Shilei Zhu; Man Wang; Xingchang Zhang. 2021. "Improvement of alfalfa resistance against Cd stress through rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi co-inoculation in Cd-contaminated soil." Environmental Pollution 277, no. : 116758.
(S,S)-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid (EDDS) has a strong capacity to mobilize potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in phytoextraction. It can release NH4+-N via biodegradation, which can enhance N supply to soil thereafter promote plant growth and plant resistance to PTEs. However, the advanced feature of released N in the EDDS-enhanced phytoextraction remains unclear. In the current study, the effects of N supply released from EDDS on ryegrass phytoextraction and plant resistance to PTEs were investigated in detail by a comparison with urea. Our results supported that the addition of both EDDS and urea increased N concentration in soil solution, yet EDDS needed more time to release available N for plant uptake and transported more N from root to shoot. Additionally, EDDS significantly increased the concentration of all targeted PTEs, i.e. Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, in the soil solution, which results in higher levels of their occurrence in plant biomass compared with urea. By contrast, the supply of N slightly enhanced the ryegrass uptake of micro-nutrients, i.e. Cu and Zn, yet it caused negligible effects on nonessential elements, i.e. Cd and Pb. The mobilized PTEs by EDDS lead to elevated oxidative stress because higher levels of malondialdehyde and O2•− were observed. The supply of N attenuated oxidative stress caused by O2•− and H2O2, which was associated with enhanced activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase. Our results advanced the understanding of the exogenous N supply and metal resistance mechanisms in the EDDS-enhanced phytoextraction. This study also highlighted that EDDS can serve as a N source to ease N-deficient problems in PTEs-contaminated soils.
Jingzi Beiyuan; Linchuan Fang; Hansong Chen; Mengdi Li; Dongdong Liu; Yunqiang Wang. Nitrogen of EDDS enhanced removal of potentially toxic elements and attenuated their oxidative stress in a phytoextraction process. Environmental Pollution 2020, 268, 115719 .
AMA StyleJingzi Beiyuan, Linchuan Fang, Hansong Chen, Mengdi Li, Dongdong Liu, Yunqiang Wang. Nitrogen of EDDS enhanced removal of potentially toxic elements and attenuated their oxidative stress in a phytoextraction process. Environmental Pollution. 2020; 268 ():115719.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJingzi Beiyuan; Linchuan Fang; Hansong Chen; Mengdi Li; Dongdong Liu; Yunqiang Wang. 2020. "Nitrogen of EDDS enhanced removal of potentially toxic elements and attenuated their oxidative stress in a phytoextraction process." Environmental Pollution 268, no. : 115719.
Heavy metal contaminates have become a significant threat to soil ecosystems due to their chronicity and universality in soil. Soil microbial metabolism plays a vital role in biogeochemical cycles and soil functions. However, the response of microbial metabolism to heavy metal contamination in soil remains elusive despite potentially offering important insight into the health and ecological consequences of soil ecosystems under such contamination. This study used extracellular enzyme stoichiometry models to identify the response of microbial metabolism to various heavy metal contaminants, while also revealing potential implications of heavy metal contaminates in soil ecosystems. Results showed that microbial metabolism was restricted by soil carbon (C) and phosphorus (P) within a heavy metal polluted area in Northwest China. Heavy metal stress significantly increased microbial C limitation while decreasing microbial P limitation. However, microbial C and P limitations both responded consistently to different heavy metals (i.e., Cd, Pb, Zn, and Cu). Heavy metals had the greatest effect on microbial C limitation (i.e., 0.720 of the total effects) compared to other soil properties, and soil with the lowest heavy metal concentration exhibited the lowest microbial C limitation, and vice versa. These results indicated that microbial metabolic limitation can robustly and sensitively reflect the degree of heavy metals pollution in soil. Additionally, increased microbial C limitation caused by heavy metal contaminants could potentially escalate C release by promoting soil C decomposition as well as increasing investments in enzyme production and the maintenance of metabolic processes. Consequently, potential C loss induced by heavy metal pollution on soil ecosystems may be extensive and significant. Generally, our results suggest the usefulness of extracellular enzyme stoichiometry as a new method from which to evaluate heavy metal soil pollution, while microbial metabolic limitation could potentially be a promising indicator.
Xia Wang; Yongxing Cui; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Chengjiao Duan; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. A novel extracellular enzyme stoichiometry method to evaluate soil heavy metal contamination: Evidence derived from microbial metabolic limitation. Science of The Total Environment 2020, 738, 139709 .
AMA StyleXia Wang, Yongxing Cui, Xingchang Zhang, Wenliang Ju, Chengjiao Duan, Yunqiang Wang, Linchuan Fang. A novel extracellular enzyme stoichiometry method to evaluate soil heavy metal contamination: Evidence derived from microbial metabolic limitation. Science of The Total Environment. 2020; 738 ():139709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXia Wang; Yongxing Cui; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Chengjiao Duan; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "A novel extracellular enzyme stoichiometry method to evaluate soil heavy metal contamination: Evidence derived from microbial metabolic limitation." Science of The Total Environment 738, no. : 139709.
Tea gardens, being a key agroecosystem type, are an important source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. However, main factors that regulate N2O emissions following urea and organic matter amendments have yet to be clarified. To investigate the influence of different fertilization management measures on N2O emissions in tea garden soil, a 50-day laboratory incubation experiment was conducted. Five treatments were designed for this experiment: control (CK), urea (U), rapeseed cake (R), urea + rapeseed cake (2:1, UR1), and urea + rapeseed cake (1:2, UR2). N2O emission flux in the R treatment peaked at 14.12 μg kg−1 h−1 on day 19, which occurred later than the UR1, UR2, and U treatments. Cumulative N2O emissions from the R and UR2 treatments were 6073 and 4296 μg kg−1, respectively, which were greater by a factor of 11.2 and 7.9, respectively, compared to the U treatment. Moreover, N2O emissions of the UR1 and UR2 treatments were significantly lower than the R treatment. Additionally, N2O emissions were also significantly positively correlated to pH levels and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) content. MBC content had the most direct and greatest influence on soil N2O emissions, indicating that MBC could be the key limiting factor for N2O emissions in this experiment. A single application of rapeseed cake caused an increase in N2O emissions, whereas the combined application of rapeseed cake and a synthetic N fertilizer (urea) caused a decrease in N2O emissions. Results from this study offer potential strategies to mitigate soil N2O emissions from tea garden agroecosystems through improved field fertilization management.
Jialuo Yu; Shan Lin; Muhammad Shaaban; Wenliang Ju; Linchuan Fang. Nitrous oxide emissions from tea garden soil following the addition of urea and rapeseed cake. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2020, 20, 3330 -3339.
AMA StyleJialuo Yu, Shan Lin, Muhammad Shaaban, Wenliang Ju, Linchuan Fang. Nitrous oxide emissions from tea garden soil following the addition of urea and rapeseed cake. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2020; 20 (9):3330-3339.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJialuo Yu; Shan Lin; Muhammad Shaaban; Wenliang Ju; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "Nitrous oxide emissions from tea garden soil following the addition of urea and rapeseed cake." Journal of Soils and Sediments 20, no. 9: 3330-3339.
Revegetation of semiarid lands depends upon soil microbial communities to supply nutrients for successive plant species, but microbial activity can be constrained by insufficient water. The objective of this study was to quantify the metabolic limitation of microbes by extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry, and to determine how this affected microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) with biogeochemical equilibrium model. The study occurred in long-term revegetation experiment with seven successional stages (0, 11, 35, 60, 100, 130 and 150 years) in the Loess Plateau, China. Microbes maintained stoichiometric homeostasis in all successional stages, but plants did not. Microbial metabolism was limited by low soil phosphorus (P) concentration throughout the succession, whereas plants were limited by low soil P during the late successional stages (from 60 to 150 years) only. An increase in soil moisture during succession was associated with greater P limitation in microbes and plants. There was less microbial P limitation at the 35-year successional stage, and the greatest microbial P limitation occurred at the 130-year successional stage. The microbial C limitation followed a unimodal pattern through the vegetation succession and reached a maximum at 100 years of succession (the early forest stage). This coincided with the lowest microbial CUE at 100 years of succession (CUE was from 0.24 to 0.41), suggesting a change in the physiological responses from microbes (such as enzyme synthesis and the priming effect), that tended to reduce soil C sequestration. Our results indicate that soil moisture regulated microbial C and P metabolism during the vegetation succession in this semiarid region, which has implications for understanding how microbial metabolism affects soil C dynamics under vegetation restoration.
Yongxing Cui; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Chengjiao Duan; Xiaobin Guo; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. Soil moisture mediates microbial carbon and phosphorus metabolism during vegetation succession in a semiarid region. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2020, 147, 107814 .
AMA StyleYongxing Cui, Xia Wang, Xingchang Zhang, Wenliang Ju, Chengjiao Duan, Xiaobin Guo, Yunqiang Wang, Linchuan Fang. Soil moisture mediates microbial carbon and phosphorus metabolism during vegetation succession in a semiarid region. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2020; 147 ():107814.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongxing Cui; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Chengjiao Duan; Xiaobin Guo; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "Soil moisture mediates microbial carbon and phosphorus metabolism during vegetation succession in a semiarid region." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 147, no. : 107814.
Chelants application can increase the bioavailability of metals, subsequently limiting plant growth and reducing the efficiency of phytoremediation. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and rhizobium have substantial potential to improve plant growth and plant tolerance to metal stress. We evaluated the effects of co-inoculation with a PGPR strain (Paenibacillus mucilaginosus) and a Cu-resistant rhizobium strain (Sinorhizobium meliloti) on the efficiency of biodegradable chelant (S,S-ethylenediaminedisuccinic acid; EDDS) assisted phytoremediation of a Cu contaminated soil using alfalfa. The highest total Cu extraction by alfalfa was observed in the EDDS-treated soil upon co-inoculation with the PGPR and rhizobium strains, which was 1.2 times higher than that without co-inoculation. Partial least squares path modeling identified plant oxidative damage and soil microbial biomass as the key variables influencing Cu uptake by alfalfa roots. Co-inoculation significantly reduced the oxidative damage to alfalfa by mitigating the accumulation of malondialdehyde and reactive oxygen species, and improving the antioxidation capacity of the plant in the presence of EDDS. EDDS application decreased microbial diversity in the rhizosphere, whereas co-inoculation increased microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and microbial community diversity. Increased relative abundances of Actinobacteria and Bacillus and the presence of Firmicutes taxa as potential biomarkers demonstrated that co-inoculation increased soil nutrient content, and improved plant growth. Co-inoculation with PGPR and rhizobium can be useful for altering plant–soil biochemical responses during EDDS-enhanced phytoremediation to alleviate phytotoxicity of heavy metals and improve soil biochemical activities. This study provides an effective strategy for improving phytoremediation efficiency and soil quality during chelant assisted phytoremediation of metal-contaminated soils.
Wenliang Ju; Lei Liu; Xiaolian Jin; Chengjiao Duan; Yongxing Cui; Jie Wang; Dengke Ma; Wei Zhao; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. Co-inoculation effect of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on EDDS assisted phytoremediation of Cu contaminated soils. Chemosphere 2020, 254, 126724 .
AMA StyleWenliang Ju, Lei Liu, Xiaolian Jin, Chengjiao Duan, Yongxing Cui, Jie Wang, Dengke Ma, Wei Zhao, Yunqiang Wang, Linchuan Fang. Co-inoculation effect of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on EDDS assisted phytoremediation of Cu contaminated soils. Chemosphere. 2020; 254 ():126724.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenliang Ju; Lei Liu; Xiaolian Jin; Chengjiao Duan; Yongxing Cui; Jie Wang; Dengke Ma; Wei Zhao; Yunqiang Wang; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "Co-inoculation effect of plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and rhizobium on EDDS assisted phytoremediation of Cu contaminated soils." Chemosphere 254, no. : 126724.
Binding of Pb(II) to ferrihydrite–Bacillus subtilis composites formed in the presence of bacterial cells were investigated through macroscopic and microscopic techniques. Diffuse layer model (DLM) fitting and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) analysis indicated that the hydroxyl group played a key role in Pb(II) sorption onto composites by masking reactive sites, such as carboxyl and phosphoryl groups of bacterial cells. Negative enthalpy (from -39.29 to -57.87 kJ mol-1) and positive entropy (from 135.61 to 193.47 kJ mol-1) of Pb(II) sorption onto composites revealed that inner-sphere complexes formed through exothermic reactions and was driven by both entropy and enthalpy. Spatial distribution of these inner-sphere species at varied Pb(II) loading demonstrated that interactions between Pb(II) and bacterial cells preceded that of mineral components in composites, using microfocus X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (μ-XRF) maps and microfocus X-ray absorption near edge structure (μ-XANES) spectra. Combined with bulk Pb LIII-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectrum, we inferred that mononuclear bidentate edge-sharing hydroxyl-Pb complexes, monodentate mononuclear carboxyl-Pb and phosphoryl-Pb complexes predominantly contributed to Pb(II) inner-sphere binding with mineral and bacterial fractions in composites, respectively. The molecular binding mechanisms obtained in this study provide further insight into the sequestration and migration of toxic metals in natural environments.
Hansong Chen; Wenfeng Tan; Wei Lv; Juan Xiong; XiaoMing Wang; Hui Yin; Linchuan Fang. Molecular Mechanisms of Lead Binding to Ferrihydrite–Bacteria Composites: ITC, XAFS, and μ-XRF Investigations. Environmental Science & Technology 2020, 54, 4016 -4025.
AMA StyleHansong Chen, Wenfeng Tan, Wei Lv, Juan Xiong, XiaoMing Wang, Hui Yin, Linchuan Fang. Molecular Mechanisms of Lead Binding to Ferrihydrite–Bacteria Composites: ITC, XAFS, and μ-XRF Investigations. Environmental Science & Technology. 2020; 54 (7):4016-4025.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHansong Chen; Wenfeng Tan; Wei Lv; Juan Xiong; XiaoMing Wang; Hui Yin; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "Molecular Mechanisms of Lead Binding to Ferrihydrite–Bacteria Composites: ITC, XAFS, and μ-XRF Investigations." Environmental Science & Technology 54, no. 7: 4016-4025.
Variations in soil microbial metabolism currently represent one of the greatest areas of uncertainty with regard to soil nutrient cycles and the control of terrestrial carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) loss and are poorly understood in agricultural ecosystems with intensive farming practices. In this study, extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry models and quantitative PCR techniques were used to examine microbial metabolic limitation and its relationship with N-cycling gene expression in semi-arid agricultural ecosystems considering four N fertilization levels (N 0, N 100, N 250, and N 400 kg N ha−1) and two agronomic strategies (film mulching and no mulching). Film mulching increased microbial C limitation (reflecting microbial C metabolism size; 0.189 of the total effects), while very small effects on microbial phosphorus (P) limitation were observed (-0.007 of the total effects). N fertilization increased the microbial demand for P (microbial P limitation; 0.504 of the total effects). Increased microbial C metabolism was mainly attributed to increased soil moisture content after film mulching, which enhanced microbial decomposition of organic C (high C-acquiring enzyme activities). Changes in nutrient stoichiometry and the increase in N availability due to N fertilization were largely responsible for increased microbial P limitation. Furthermore, microbial P limitation negatively affected the abundance of AOA amoA, AOB amoA (involved in nitrification), nirK, nirS, nosZ (involved in denitrification) genes, strongly inhibiting nitrification and denitrification potential (-0.743 and -0.761 of the total effects, respectively). The present results suggest that agricultural ecosystems with film mulching are conducive to organic residue decomposition, while appropriate P limitation under N fertilization could reduce the loss of N due to nitrification and denitrification in soil. This study highlights the importance of elemental stoichiometry-driven microbial metabolic variation in understanding soil nutrient cycles and optimizing agricultural practices.
Yongxing Cui; Yanle Zhang; Chengjiao Duan; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Hansong Chen; Shanchao Yue; Yunqiang Wang; Shiqing Li; Linchuan Fang. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals microbial phosphorus limitation decreases the nitrogen cycling potential of soils in semi-arid agricultural ecosystems. Soil and Tillage Research 2020, 197, 104463 .
AMA StyleYongxing Cui, Yanle Zhang, Chengjiao Duan, Xia Wang, Xingchang Zhang, Wenliang Ju, Hansong Chen, Shanchao Yue, Yunqiang Wang, Shiqing Li, Linchuan Fang. Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals microbial phosphorus limitation decreases the nitrogen cycling potential of soils in semi-arid agricultural ecosystems. Soil and Tillage Research. 2020; 197 ():104463.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongxing Cui; Yanle Zhang; Chengjiao Duan; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang; Wenliang Ju; Hansong Chen; Shanchao Yue; Yunqiang Wang; Shiqing Li; Linchuan Fang. 2020. "Ecoenzymatic stoichiometry reveals microbial phosphorus limitation decreases the nitrogen cycling potential of soils in semi-arid agricultural ecosystems." Soil and Tillage Research 197, no. : 104463.
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and rhizobia are potentially advantageous in improving plant growth in heavy metal contaminated soils. However, only limited information is available in literature on the manner through which the co-inoculation of PGPR and rhizobia can potentially supply nutrients to benefit plant growth in heavy metal contaminated soil. Accordingly, this study investigated the effects of Paenibacillus mucilaginosus (PGPR) and Sinorhizobium meliloti (rhizobia) co-inoculation on soil nutrients, enzyme activities, and microbial biomass in copper (Cu) contaminated soil planted with alfalfa (Medicago sativa). Moreover, we assessed soil bacterial community structure using high-throughput Illumina sequencing of 16S rRNA genes. Results showed that PGPR and/or rhizobia inoculation improved alfalfa growth. In particular, we found that this co-inoculation approach decreased Cu accumulation (48.6%) in shoots compared to the control (uninoculated). Both partial least squares path modeling (PLS-PM) and the relative importance of regressors in the linear models identified that enzyme activities, microbial biomass, and microbial community structure in Cu contaminated soil were major controlling variables of soil nutrient availability. The co-inoculation treatment significantly increased soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations by increasing urease (55.6%), saccharase (29.5%), and β-glucosidase (31.4%) activities compared to the control. Furthermore, the rhizosphere microbial community structure in the co-inoculation treatment was mainly regulated by soil N concentrations (i.e., both total N and available N) while altering alpha diversity (α-diversity). The relative abundances of Firmicutes (including biomarkers of the Bacillus genus) and Acidobacteria were enriched in the co-inoculated treatment, which can potentially improve soil nutrient availability and subsequently benefit plant growth. These findings indicated that the co-inoculation of PGPR and rhizobia plays an important role in promoting plant growth in Cu contaminated soil. This is because this approach can increase soil nutrient availability by enhancing soil enzyme activities and regulating rhizosphere microbial community structure.
Wenliang Ju; Xiaolian Jin; Lei Liu; Guoting Shen; Wei Zhao; Chengjiao Duan; Linchuan Fang. Rhizobacteria inoculation benefits nutrient availability for phytostabilization in copper contaminated soil: Drivers from bacterial community structures in rhizosphere. Applied Soil Ecology 2019, 150, 103450 .
AMA StyleWenliang Ju, Xiaolian Jin, Lei Liu, Guoting Shen, Wei Zhao, Chengjiao Duan, Linchuan Fang. Rhizobacteria inoculation benefits nutrient availability for phytostabilization in copper contaminated soil: Drivers from bacterial community structures in rhizosphere. Applied Soil Ecology. 2019; 150 ():103450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWenliang Ju; Xiaolian Jin; Lei Liu; Guoting Shen; Wei Zhao; Chengjiao Duan; Linchuan Fang. 2019. "Rhizobacteria inoculation benefits nutrient availability for phytostabilization in copper contaminated soil: Drivers from bacterial community structures in rhizosphere." Applied Soil Ecology 150, no. : 103450.
Legume–rhizobium symbiosis plays an important role in agriculture and ecological restoration. However, the regulatory mechanisms of rhizobium in alleviating heavy metal stress through the biochemical response of plant-soil system is limited. In this study, alfalfa was inoculated with a copper (Cu)-resistant rhizobium, and its effect on plant growth and the spatial distribution of phosphatase in the rhizosphere under Cu stress was assessed. Our results showed that rhizobium inoculation alleviated Cu-induced growth inhibition, and increased the nitrogen and phosphorus content in alfalfa tissues. Moreover, inoculated plants had a higher Cu uptake than non-inoculated plants, with a much higher increase in the roots than in the shoots; thus, inoculation with rhizobium was shown to decrease the transfer coefficient and promote Cu phytostabilization. The zymograms illustrated that the distribution of phosphatase activities was associated with the presence of roots. Compared with the non-inoculated treatment, the rhizobium inoculation increased the hotspot areas of phosphatase by 26.1% and 39.3% at the Cu 0 and Cu 800 treatments, respectively. In addition, the available phosphorus in the soil showed negative correlations with soil phosphatase activity (p < 0.05). The model of partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) indicated that soil Cu content directly influenced the hotspot areas of phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere and explained most (86%) of the variation. Thus, the enzymatic hotspots were concluded to mainly be affected by the Cu content of soil, and the phosphatase activities in the rhizosphere were mainly regulated by the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus. These findings provide a basis for the spatio-temporal dynamics of biogeochemical reactions in the rhizosphere of polluted soils.
Chengjiao Duan; Bahar S. Razavi; Guoting Shen; Yongxing Cui; Wenliang Ju; Shiqing Li; Linchuan Fang. Deciphering the rhizobium inoculation effect on spatial distribution of phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of alfalfa under copper stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 2019, 137, 107574 .
AMA StyleChengjiao Duan, Bahar S. Razavi, Guoting Shen, Yongxing Cui, Wenliang Ju, Shiqing Li, Linchuan Fang. Deciphering the rhizobium inoculation effect on spatial distribution of phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of alfalfa under copper stress. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 2019; 137 ():107574.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChengjiao Duan; Bahar S. Razavi; Guoting Shen; Yongxing Cui; Wenliang Ju; Shiqing Li; Linchuan Fang. 2019. "Deciphering the rhizobium inoculation effect on spatial distribution of phosphatase activity in the rhizosphere of alfalfa under copper stress." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 137, no. : 107574.
Alpine ecosystems are important terrestrial carbon (C) pools, and microbial decomposers play a key role in cycling soil C. Microbial metabolic limitations in these ecosystems, however, have rarely been studied. The objectives of this study are to reveal the characteristics of microbial nutrient limitation, and decipher the drivers in the alpine ecosystems. Models of extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry were applied to examine and compare the metabolic limitations of the microbial communities in bulk and rhizosphere soils along an altitudinal gradient (2800–3500 m a.s.l.) under the same type of vegetation (Abies fabri) on Gongga Mountain, eastern Tibetan Plateau. The soil microbial communities suffered from relative C and phosphorus (P) limitations in the alpine ecosystem despite of high soil nutrient contents here. Partial least squares path modelling (PLS-PM) revealed that the limitations were directly regulated by soil nutrient stoichiometry, followed by nutrient availability. The C and P limitations were higher at the high altitudes (3000–3500 m) than that at the low altitude (2800 m), which mainly attribute to changes of soil temperature and moisture along the altitudinal gradient. This suggested that global warming may relieve microbial metabolic limitation in the alpine ecosystems, and then is conducive to the retention of organic C in soil. Furthermore, the C and P limitations varied significantly between the bulk and rhizosphere soils at the high altitudes (3200–3500 m), but not at the low altitudes. This indicated the influences of vegetation on the microbial metabolisms, while the influences could decrease under the scenario of global warming. Our study suggests that the alpine ecosystems with high organic C storage harbour abundant microbial populations limited by relative C and P, which have sensitive metabolic characteristics. This could thus potentially lead to large fluctuations in the soil C turnover under climate change. The study provides important insights linking microbial metabolisms to the environmental gradients, and improves our understanding of C cycling in alpine ecosystems.
Yongxing Cui; Haijian Bing; Linchuan Fang; Mao Jiang; Guoting Shen; Jialuo Yu; Xia Wang; He Zhu; Yanhong Wu; Xingchang Zhang. Extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reveals the carbon and phosphorus limitations of microbial metabolisms in the rhizosphere and bulk soils in alpine ecosystems. Plant and Soil 2019, 458, 7 -20.
AMA StyleYongxing Cui, Haijian Bing, Linchuan Fang, Mao Jiang, Guoting Shen, Jialuo Yu, Xia Wang, He Zhu, Yanhong Wu, Xingchang Zhang. Extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reveals the carbon and phosphorus limitations of microbial metabolisms in the rhizosphere and bulk soils in alpine ecosystems. Plant and Soil. 2019; 458 (1-2):7-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongxing Cui; Haijian Bing; Linchuan Fang; Mao Jiang; Guoting Shen; Jialuo Yu; Xia Wang; He Zhu; Yanhong Wu; Xingchang Zhang. 2019. "Extracellular enzyme stoichiometry reveals the carbon and phosphorus limitations of microbial metabolisms in the rhizosphere and bulk soils in alpine ecosystems." Plant and Soil 458, no. 1-2: 7-20.
Legume-rhizobium symbiosis has been heavily investigated for their potential to enhance plant metal resistance in contaminated soil. However, the extent to which plant resistance is associated with the nitrogen (N) supply in symbiont is still uncertain. This study investigates the effect of urea or/and rhizobium (Sinorhizobium meliloti) application on the growth of Medicago sativa and resistance in metals contaminated soil (mainly with Cu). The results show that Cu uptake in plant shoots increased by 41.7%, 69%, and 89.3% with urea treatment, rhizobium inoculation, and their combined treatment, respectively, compared to the control group level. In plant roots, the corresponding values were 1.9-, 1.7-, and 1.5-fold higher than the control group values, respectively. Statistical analysis identified that N content was the dominant variable contributing to Cu uptake in plants. Additionally, a negative correlation was observed between plant oxidative stress and N content, indicating that N plays a key role in plant resistance. Oxidative damage decreased after rhizobium inoculation as the activities of antioxidant enzymes (catalase and superoxide dismutase in roots and peroxidase in plant shoots) were stimulated, enhancing plant resistance and promoting plant growth. Our results suggest that individual rhizobium inoculation, without urea treatment, is the most recommended approach for effective phytoremediation of contaminated land.
Guoting Shen; Wenliang Ju; Yuqing Liu; Xiaobin Guo; Wei Zhao; Linchuan Fang. Impact of Urea Addition and Rhizobium Inoculation on Plant Resistance in Metal Contaminated Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1955 .
AMA StyleGuoting Shen, Wenliang Ju, Yuqing Liu, Xiaobin Guo, Wei Zhao, Linchuan Fang. Impact of Urea Addition and Rhizobium Inoculation on Plant Resistance in Metal Contaminated Soil. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (11):1955.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuoting Shen; Wenliang Ju; Yuqing Liu; Xiaobin Guo; Wei Zhao; Linchuan Fang. 2019. "Impact of Urea Addition and Rhizobium Inoculation on Plant Resistance in Metal Contaminated Soil." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 11: 1955.
Metal-resistant bacteria can survive exposure to high metal concentrations without any negative impact on their growth. Biosorption is considered to be one of the more effective detoxification mechanisms acting in most bacteria. However, molecular-scale characterization of metal biosorption by wild metal-resistant bacteria has been limited. In this study, the Pb(II) biosorption behavior of Serratia Se1998 isolated from Pb-contaminated soil was investigated through macroscopic and microscopic techniques. A four discrete site non-electrostatic model fit the potentiometric titration data best, suggesting a distribution of phosphodiester, carboxyl, phosphoryl, and amino or hydroxyl groups on the cell surface. The presence of these functional groups was verified by the attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, which also indicated that carboxyl and phosphoryl sites participated in Pb(II) binding simultaneously. The negative enthalpy (−9.11 kJ mol−1) and large positive entropy (81.52 J mol−1 K−1) of Pb(II) binding with the bacteria suggested the formation of inner-sphere complexes by an exothermic process. X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analysis further indicated monodentate inner-sphere binding of Pb(II) through formation of C−O−Pb and P−O−Pb bonds. We inferred that C−O−Pb bonds formed on the flagellar surfaces, establishing a self-protective barrier against exterior metal stressors. This study has important implications for an improved understanding of metal-resistance mechanisms in wild bacteria and provides guidance for the construction of genetically engineered bacteria for remediation purposes.
Hansong Chen; Jinling Xu; Wenfeng Tan; Linchuan Fang. Lead binding to wild metal-resistant bacteria analyzed by ITC and XAFS spectroscopy. Environmental Pollution 2019, 250, 118 -126.
AMA StyleHansong Chen, Jinling Xu, Wenfeng Tan, Linchuan Fang. Lead binding to wild metal-resistant bacteria analyzed by ITC and XAFS spectroscopy. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 250 ():118-126.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHansong Chen; Jinling Xu; Wenfeng Tan; Linchuan Fang. 2019. "Lead binding to wild metal-resistant bacteria analyzed by ITC and XAFS spectroscopy." Environmental Pollution 250, no. : 118-126.
Understanding the spatial scale sensitivity of cellular automata is crucial for improving the accuracy of land use change simulation. We propose a framework based on a response surface method to comprehensively explore spatial scale sensitivity of the cellular automata Markov chain (CA-Markov) model, and present a hybrid evaluation model for expressing simulation accuracy that merges the strengths of the Kappa coefficient and of Contagion index. Three Landsat-Thematic Mapper remote sensing images of Wuhan in 1987, 1996, and 2005 were used to extract land use information. The results demonstrate that the spatial scale sensitivity of the CA-Markov model resulting from individual components and their combinations are both worthy of attention. The utility of our proposed hybrid evaluation model and response surface method to investigate the sensitivity has proven to be more accurate than the single Kappa coefficient method and more efficient than traditional methods. The findings also show that the CA-Markov model is more sensitive to neighborhood size than to cell size or neighborhood type considering individual component effects. Particularly, the bilateral and trilateral interactions between neighborhood and cell size result in a more remarkable scale effect than that of a single cell size.
Hao Wu; Zhen Li; Keith C. Clarke; Wenzhong Shi; Linchuan Fang; Anqi Lin; Jie Zhou. Examining the sensitivity of spatial scale in cellular automata Markov chain simulation of land use change. International Journal of Geographical Information Science 2019, 33, 1040 -1061.
AMA StyleHao Wu, Zhen Li, Keith C. Clarke, Wenzhong Shi, Linchuan Fang, Anqi Lin, Jie Zhou. Examining the sensitivity of spatial scale in cellular automata Markov chain simulation of land use change. International Journal of Geographical Information Science. 2019; 33 (5):1040-1061.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHao Wu; Zhen Li; Keith C. Clarke; Wenzhong Shi; Linchuan Fang; Anqi Lin; Jie Zhou. 2019. "Examining the sensitivity of spatial scale in cellular automata Markov chain simulation of land use change." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 33, no. 5: 1040-1061.
The effect of precipitation pattern on the metabolism of soil microbes is poorly understood, especially in water-limited ecosystems where soil microorganisms play crucial roles in the turnover of soil organic carbon (SOC) and nutrients. We investigated the influence of the gradient levels of mean annual precipitation (MAP from 300 to 900 mm) on soil microbial metabolism in an arid and semi-arid grassland region located in Loess Plateau, China and identified relationships between microbial metabolic limitations and the variation of soil organic matter (SOM). Microbial metabolism in this arid and semi-arid region was limited by soil C and phosphorus (P) or nitrogen (N). Microbial C and P limitations decreased with the increase of MAP. Microbial C and P limitations were lowest in the areas with MAPs of 700–900 mm, whereas N limitation was observed in the areas with MAPs >700 mm. The results of a variation-partitioning analysis and partial least squares path modeling indicated that the microbial C and N/P limitations on regional scales were mainly determined by climate factors (MAP and mean annual temperature (MAT)), followed by vegetation biomass and soil properties. The extents of soil drying-rewetting processing caused by different MAPs directly affected microbial nutrient limitation. Our results suggested that the influence of precipitation variation on microbial metabolic limitation strongly governed SOM stability and that an increase in the rate of SOM decomposition with increasing precipitation could be caused by increased microbial nutrient limitation. SOM may be most stable at a MAP of 700 mm in the arid and semi-arid regions (300–900 mm MAP) where microbial nutrient limitation was lowest. This study provided novel insights into the responses of soil microbial metabolism to precipitation change and is an important step toward understanding the mechanisms of SOM stability in an arid and semi-arid grassland ecosystem under scenarios of precipitation variation.
Yongxing Cui; Linchuan Fang; Lei Deng; Xiaobin Guo; Fu Han; Wenliang Ju; Xia Wang; Hansong Chen; Wenfeng Tan; Xingchang Zhang. Patterns of soil microbial nutrient limitations and their roles in the variation of soil organic carbon across a precipitation gradient in an arid and semi-arid region. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 658, 1440 -1451.
AMA StyleYongxing Cui, Linchuan Fang, Lei Deng, Xiaobin Guo, Fu Han, Wenliang Ju, Xia Wang, Hansong Chen, Wenfeng Tan, Xingchang Zhang. Patterns of soil microbial nutrient limitations and their roles in the variation of soil organic carbon across a precipitation gradient in an arid and semi-arid region. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 658 ():1440-1451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongxing Cui; Linchuan Fang; Lei Deng; Xiaobin Guo; Fu Han; Wenliang Ju; Xia Wang; Hansong Chen; Wenfeng Tan; Xingchang Zhang. 2018. "Patterns of soil microbial nutrient limitations and their roles in the variation of soil organic carbon across a precipitation gradient in an arid and semi-arid region." Science of The Total Environment 658, no. : 1440-1451.
The diversity patterns and drivers of soil microbial communities in altitudinal gradients have recently received much attention. The rhizosphere is a focus of soil microbial communities, but the patterns and drivers of these communities have rarely been studied in alpine ecosystems. We used high-throughput Illumina sequencing to examine the community variations of bacteria, archaea and fungi between the rhizosphere and bulk soil along an altitudinal gradient in an Abies fabri (Mast.) community on Mount Gongga of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Microbial alpha diversity and community structure varied significantly with altitude but not between the rhizosphere and bulk soil. Soil temperature and the carbon:nitrogen ratio were the primary drivers of the structures of the bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities, and altitude (geographic distance) contributed a small part (<3%) of the community variation, indicating that various edaphic factors were the key regulators of microbial-community variation. This consistency of the microbial communities between the rhizosphere and bulk soil in this alpine ecosystem could be attributed to low temperature and high nutrient content. The bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities were governed by specific environmental factors (total phosphorus content for bacteria; organic-carbon content, dissolved organic-carbon content, NH4+-N content and nutrient stoichiometry for archaea and NO3−-N content for fungi). The distinct environmental responses of the microbial taxa suggested metabolic separation and resource preferences of the belowground communities, even within the small-scale spatial distances in this alpine ecosystem. Our study suggested that the ecosystem harbored many microbial taxa with diverse nutrient preferences and metabolic characteristics and could thus potentially tolerate the soil environmental variation under a scenario of climate change.
Yongxing Cui; Haijian Bing; Linchuan Fang; Yanhong Wu; Jialuo Yu; Guoting Shen; Mao Jiang; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang. Diversity patterns of the rhizosphere and bulk soil microbial communities along an altitudinal gradient in an alpine ecosystem of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Geoderma 2018, 338, 118 -127.
AMA StyleYongxing Cui, Haijian Bing, Linchuan Fang, Yanhong Wu, Jialuo Yu, Guoting Shen, Mao Jiang, Xia Wang, Xingchang Zhang. Diversity patterns of the rhizosphere and bulk soil microbial communities along an altitudinal gradient in an alpine ecosystem of the eastern Tibetan Plateau. Geoderma. 2018; 338 ():118-127.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongxing Cui; Haijian Bing; Linchuan Fang; Yanhong Wu; Jialuo Yu; Guoting Shen; Mao Jiang; Xia Wang; Xingchang Zhang. 2018. "Diversity patterns of the rhizosphere and bulk soil microbial communities along an altitudinal gradient in an alpine ecosystem of the eastern Tibetan Plateau." Geoderma 338, no. : 118-127.
Soil microorganisms are crucial to indicate ecosystem functions of terrestrial ecosystems. However, the responses of microbial communities to soil nutrient limitation in desert-grassland are still poorly understood. Hence, we investigated soil microbial community structures and metabolic characteristics in a desert-grassland ecological transition zone from the northern Loess Plateau, China, and explored the association of microbial communities with nutrient limitation via high-throughput sequencing. Threshold elemental ratios (TER) indicated that the microbial communities were strongly limited by nitrogen (N) under A. ordosica and P. tabuliformis communities. The phosphorus (P) limitation of microbial communities was observed in the aeolian sandy soil. The results imply that soil microbial communities had strong nutrient competition for N and P with aboveground vegetation in arid and oligotrophic ecosystems. The LEfSe and linear regression analysis revealed that the microbial taxa of Micrococcales, Micrococcaceae and Herpotrichiellaceae were significantly correlated with microbial N limitation. The Thermoleophilia taxa were significantly correlated with microbial P limitation. These biomarkers related to microbial nutrient limitation could be considered as the key microbial taxa to shape microbial communities and functions. Furthermore, N form had different effects on microbial communities, which NH4+-N strongly affected bacterial communities, whereas NO3−-N had a significant influence on fungal communities. The different responses indicate that soil microorganisms had corresponding nutrient preferences for bacterial and fungal communities, which might alleviate the nutrient limitations and environmental stress. This study provided important insights on microbial community structures linking to community functions and on the mechanisms governing microbial N and P limitation in arid land ecosystems.
Yongxing Cui; Linchuan Fang; Xiaobin Guo; Xia Wang; Yunqiang Wang; Pengfei Li; Yanjiang Zhang; Xingchang Zhang. Responses of soil microbial communities to nutrient limitation in the desert-grassland ecological transition zone. Science of The Total Environment 2018, 642, 45 -55.
AMA StyleYongxing Cui, Linchuan Fang, Xiaobin Guo, Xia Wang, Yunqiang Wang, Pengfei Li, Yanjiang Zhang, Xingchang Zhang. Responses of soil microbial communities to nutrient limitation in the desert-grassland ecological transition zone. Science of The Total Environment. 2018; 642 ():45-55.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYongxing Cui; Linchuan Fang; Xiaobin Guo; Xia Wang; Yunqiang Wang; Pengfei Li; Yanjiang Zhang; Xingchang Zhang. 2018. "Responses of soil microbial communities to nutrient limitation in the desert-grassland ecological transition zone." Science of The Total Environment 642, no. : 45-55.