One of the most important discoveries and creative developments that is playing a vital role in the professional world today is blockchain technology. Blockchain technology moves in the direction of persistent revolution and change. It is a chain of blocks that covers information and maintains trust between individuals no matter how far they are. In the last couple of years, the upsurge in blockchain technology has obliged scholars and specialists to scrutinize new ways to apply blockchain technology with a wide range of domains. The dramatic increase in blockchain technology has provided many new application opportunities, including healthcare applications. This survey provides a comprehensive review of emerging blockchain-based healthcare technologies and related applications. In this inquiry, we call attention to the open research matters in this fast-growing field, explaining them in some details. We also show the potential of blockchain technology in revolutionizing healthcare industry.

Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices generate and collect massive amounts of industrial data. Monetizing the flood of data generated by the IIoT devices has enabled the creation of the IIoT data ecosystem, where individuals and businesses may trade data. With the rapid expansion of the online data trading industry, the necessity for an edge intelligent reputation system is becoming increasingly important as more individuals and services connect online. In recent years, researchers have proposed blockchain-based reputation systems as a means of offering anonymity, security, transparency, and mutual trust for both providers and customers in Industry 4.0. Unfortunately, they focus on the decentralized reputation system with a single certificate authority, which creates the concern of a single point of failure (SPOF). Moreover, researchers paid little attention to the performance measures of these blockchain-based reputation systems to demonstrate their usability in a real IIoT data ecosystem. This article proposes a robust edge intelligent blockchain-based reputation system capable of avoiding failures by enhancing the Raft consensus mechanism. We provide extensive security analysis and simulation experiments to demonstrate the performance of the blockchain-based reputation system for the IIoT data ecosystem using different metrics, such as transaction throughput, latency, and resource consumption.

Cloud computing as a novel and entirely internet-based computing platform is emerging and its tenacious challenges become more vivid. A parallel genetic algorithm-based method for scheduling tasks with priorities is provided in this paper. The goal is to efficiently utilize resources and reduce resource wastage in cloud environments. This is achieved by improving the load balancing rate while better resources are selected to fulfill arrival tasks in a shorter time with lower task failure rate. To evaluate the proposed method, it is simulated using Matlab and compared with two existing methods, a hybrid Ant colony-honey method and a Round-Robin (RR) based load balancing method. The results show that the proposed method has 9% - 31% lower energy usage, 14% - 37% lower migration rate and 13%- 17% better Service Level Agreement (SLA) in comparison with the Hybrid and RR method.