Provided that product lifecycle management (PLM) is a complex system, many companies still cannot comprehend the whole amount of PLM benefits due to the lack of a full understanding of PLM functionalities. The present paper stems from an Italian industrial survey. It is aimed to investigate and collect PLM functionalities by studying PLM maturity models and TechnoWare, InforWare, FunctionWare, and OrgaWare (TIFO) framework. This paper also extends TIFO to TIFOS framework by adding SustainWare to achieve long-term maintenance of product lifecycle. AHP methodology is developed to help companies to choose right information in the right context and time by applying the proper functionalities of PLM. A research framework to measure sustainability is also proposed to identify PLM component's sustainability level. The industrial cases conducted in two southern Italy companies prove that specific components of PLM application and business management contribute more to PLM benefits, and OrgaWare and InforWare are the weak points of the proposed framework. Sensitivity and consistent analysis show that the results are robust and accurate.

A strong bearing capacity and the satisfaction of strict settlement requirements are necessary for high-rise buildings. A single-raft foundation cannot meet certain settlement requirements, in which case CFG (cement/fly ash/gravel, an emerging and sustainable construction material) piles can be used in the foundation to set up a cushion between the top of the pile and the raft slab, where the piles act as settlement reducers. The rafts of disconnected piles (DPs) exhibit complex synergetic interactions involving the raft, cushion, pile, and soil under the load of the superstructure. Multiple piles in particular lead to an increase in the number of degrees of freedom of the problem, resulting in difficulty in solving it. However, when the number of piles is very large and the structure is complex—for example, many buildings are placed on the same raft with basement structures—even if the embedded pile element is used during numerical calculations, either the method remains prone to non-convergence or the time needed for numerical calculations is too long. It is, thus, difficult to satisfy the requirement of an efficient scheme of evaluation in practice. To solve this problem, a method that uses a simulation of the integral equivalent of the CFG pile reinforcement zone is proposed in this paper. In the CFG pile reinforcement zone, the effect of the pile is reflected in the enhancement of parameters of the soil in the strengthened zone, and the reinforcement zone (including the soil and the pile) is regarded as an anisotropic elastoplastic material. As the structure of the pile is no longer needed in the model, its elimination significantly reduces the complexity of the model and improves its calculation efficiency. An example of a numerical calculation is provided to verify the viability and accuracy of the integral equivalent simulation method in comparison with the embedded pile element simulation method. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the three-dimensional numerical analysis of a scheme for the treatment of foundations of high- and low-rise buildings with basements, and its effectiveness is further verified through comparison with theoretical results.

In the design phase, an effective performance evaluation on the information system model for aircraft maintenance helps better iteratively refine the system design. Although many works have emerged to achieve this aim, complex systems are hard to be completely described and the consideration of real-world processes is missing. Thus, how to investigate the system performance with consideration of the real-world aircraft maintenance is our focus. From our point of view, an agent-based simulation modeling is a promising approach to overcome such problem. In this paper, we develop an agent-based simulation model for the whole maintenance process, focusing on cooperation among sub business processes. This model describes the flight process, cooperation between stakeholders and failure repairs, where scheduled/unscheduled maintenance and with/without uncertain event scenarios have been addressed. The performance evaluation of this model is based on the analysis of impacts of key factors on the airline’s service level and maintenance cost.

Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) technology, characterized by its high spatial resolution, superior dynamic sensitivity, and cost efficiency, has demonstrated broad application prospects in the field of monitoring fracture development within rock masses. Nevertheless, current research regarding the application of DAS to rock crack evolution and the underlying fracture mechanisms remains to be further explored. In this study, uniaxial compression tests (UCT) were conducted on rock specimens of four different lithologies and with varying numbers of pre-existing fissures. First, a DAS monitoring system was utilized to monitor and record the entire rock fracture process in real time. To address the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) characteristic of DAS data, four combined denoising methods tailored for DAS signals were compared and tested. Subsequently, the rock failure process was partitioned into five distinct stages based on four key stress thresholds and the associated DAS characteristic parameters. Furthermore, by analyzing the spectral characteristics and frequency band ranges of each stage, the crack evolution and stage identification for rocks with various lithologies and fissure numbers were further elucidated. Finally, the evolution trends of tensile and shear cracks in the rock were investigated through PF-PA feature analysis. The results demonstrate that under uniaxial compression test (UCT) conditions, the DAS spectral characteristics within the 0–300 Hz frequency band can be used to effectively identify the evolution trends of mixed-mode cracks during rock fracture. This conclusion provides a valuable reference for enhancing the reliability of early warning systems for rock mass structural instability.