Across European countries, the SHAPES Project is piloting AI-based technologies that could improve healthcare delivery for older people over 60 years old. This article aims to present a study developed inside the SHAPES Project to find a theoretical framework focused on AI-assisted technology in healthcare for older people living in the home, to assess the SHAPES AI-based technologies using the ALTAI tool, and to derive ethical recommendations regarding AI-based technologies for ageing and healthcare. The study has highlighted concerns and reservations about AI-based technologies, namely dealing with living at home, mobility, accessibility, data exchange procedures in cross-board cases, interoperability, and security. A list of recommendations is built not only for the healthcare sector, but also for other pilot studies.

Transparency remains an emerging non-functional requirement that stakeholders in the software engineering process (SEP) must consider. Existing studies provide evidence of the usefulness of transparency and offer hindsight on how transparency may be evaluated in different contexts. Considering communication, software maintainability, and stakeholders’ productivity, SEP has not thoroughly explored the benefits of transparency. Currently, there is no appropriate measurement of transparency in SEP, and the consequence of this is that theoretically and empirically, the factors that characterise transparency and their interrelationships are unknown. This study empirically validates measures and metrics for evaluating and improving software-development-life-cycle-product transparency. It investigates the correlations between transparency factors and their corresponding metrics. Following the Goal Question Metric paradigm, it proposes a transparency evaluation and improvement model based on the transparency factors, measures, and metrics. The usefulness of the metrics was demonstrated via a controlled experiment to investigate the impact of transparency on the maintainability of software requirements specifications (SRS) and its support for good communication and stakeholders’ productivity. Results suggest that object-oriented SRS are easier to maintain and offer better communication and more productivity. The practical implication of our findings is that adopting use case modelling in developing SRS benefits from transparency implicitly. Secondly, a transparency evaluation team can use the improvement model to evaluate SRS transparency explicitly and and improve SRS based on the evaluation outcome. Our proposals can be applied early in the requirements engineering and design phases of SEP. The model can be used to diagnose and deal with maintainability and communication problems with SRSs and design documents.

Recently, researchers in the field of wireless sensor networks have resorted to energy harvesting techniques that allows energy to be harvested from the ambient environment to power sensor nodes. Using such Energy harvesting techniques together with proper routing protocols, an Energy Neutral state can be achieved so that sensor nodes can run perpetually. In this paper, we propose an Energy Neutral LEACH routing protocol which is an extension to the traditional LEACH protocol. The goal of the proposed protocol is to use Gateway node in each cluster so as to reduce the data transmission ranges of cluster head nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed routing protocol achieves a higher throughput and ensure the energy neutral status of the entire network.

Health tourism is expanding due to the availability of high-quality medical care at lower costs in various countries. With this growth comes an increasing need to enhance cybersecurity, as patient data and other sensitive information are vulnerable to cyberattacks, which can lead to identity theft, financial fraud, and privacy breaches. Therefore, robust cybersecurity measures are essential to protect patient data. One challenge is the international transfer of patient data. When patients travel across borders for medical treatment, their data must be securely transmitted between healthcare providers in different countries. This process introduces cybersecurity risks, and healthcare providers must implement strong encryption methods and secure communication channels. This paper discusses the vulnerabilities of information systems used in medical tourism and how they should be considered in higher education teaching. Many healthcare facilities rely on interconnected systems and devices like EHR and IoT to provide efficient care. However, these systems can be susceptible to cyberattacks if not properly secured. A case study on medical tourism in Finland illustrates the practical implications of these cybersecurity challenges. These examples highlight the importance of adopting best practices and successful cybersecurity strategies to safeguard patient information. Recommendations for improving cybersecurity for stakeholders in the medical tourism sector include investing in advanced cybersecurity technologies, providing regular staff training, and developing comprehensive cybersecurity policies. By prioritizing cybersecurity, medical tourism providers can maintain patient safety and trust, which are critical for the continued growth and success of the industry. The importance of cybersecurity training and education in the health and wellness sector and the tourism industry cannot be overstated. Ensuring that all stakeholders are aware of the risks and equipped with the knowledge to mitigate them is essential for protecting patient data and maintaining the integrity of medical tourism services.