This study was conducted to examine the effects of agricultural subsidies on the technical efficiency of agricultural production technology and on factor input. It utilized a random frontier production function, instrumental variable method, and threshold regression model. The data used for this analysis consisted of 609 field yield measurements from the National Rapeseed Industry Technology System in 2020. The findings indicate that agricultural subsidies have a substantial impacts and it increases the technical efficiency of production process. Specifically, these subsidies encourage the use of land resources while inhibiting the use of chemical fertilizers. However, this does not have a significant effect on the utilization of labor and capital resources. Furthermore, the impact of agricultural subsidies on production technology efficiency varies depending on the scale of the farming operation. The subsidies significantly enhance the production technology efficiency of farmers with a business scale of less than 0.67 ha, but do not significantly improve the production technology efficiency of farmers with a business scale exceeding 0.67 ha. To optimize the effectiveness of agricultural subsidy policy, three methods and recommendations are proposed: increasing the overall amount of subsidies, expanding and diversifying the types of subsidies, and refining the process of disbursing subsidies.

Rapeseed is one of the main sources of edible vegetable oil. It is particularly important to clarify the comparative advantages of rapeseed production to optimize the distribution of rapeseed production and improve its competitiveness. Based on the relevant data of rapeseed production in China from 1997 to 2020, this paper calculates the comparative advantage of rapeseed by constructing comprehensive comparative advantage index, resource endowment coefficient and location entropy, then analyzes the spatial agglomeration changes of rapeseed in China by using regional gravity center method and spatial autocorrelation, and further analyzes the driving factors affecting the production of rapeseed in China. The results showed that: (1) The production advantages of rapeseed in China are basically in line with the main production areas, and the Yangtze River Basin production area has obvious comparative advantages and competitiveness in rapeseed production (2). The distribution of rapeseed production shows the characteristics of “westward migration to the south”. China’s rapeseed production centre of gravity has moved in the same direction as the sown area centre of gravity. (3) There is a significant positive spatial autocorrelation in the spatial distribution of rapeseed production in China.