While the research field and industrial market of in vitro diagnosis (IVD) thrived during and post the COVID-19 pandemic, the development of isothermal nucleic acid amplification test (INAAT) based rapid diagnosis was engendered in a global wised large measure as a problem-solving exercise. This review systematically analyzed the recent advances of INAAT strategies with practical case for the real-world scenario virus detection applications. With the qualities that make INAAT systems useful for making diagnosis relevant decisions, the key performance indicators and the cost-effectiveness of enzyme-assisted methods and enzyme-free methods were compared. The modularity of nucleic acid amplification reactions that can lead to thresholding signal amplifications using INAAT reagents and their methodology design were examined, alongside the potential application with rapid test platform/device integration. Given that clinical practitioners are, by and large, unaware of many the isothermal nucleic acid test advances. This review could bridge the arcane research field of different INAAT systems and signal output modalities with end-users in clinic when choosing suitable test kits and/or methods for rapid virus detection. Graphical Abstract

In this study, the characteristic patterns of ferroptosis in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) were systematically investigated with the interactions between ferroptosis and the tumor microenvironment (TME). On the mRNA expression profiles of 57 ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs), three ferroptosis patterns were constructed, with distinct prognosis and immune cell infiltrations (especially T cells and dendritic cells). The high ferroptosis scores were characterized by poorer prognosis, increased T cell infiltration, higher immune and stromal scores, elevated tumor mutation burden, and enhanced response to anti-CTLA4 immunotherapy. Meanwhile, the low ferroptosis scores were distinctly associated with enhanced tumor purity and amino acid and fatty acid metabolism pathways. Following validation, the ferroptosis score was an independent and effective prognostic factor. Collectively, ferroptosis could be involved in the diverse and complex TME. Evaluation of the ferroptosis patterns may heighten the comprehension about immune infiltrations in the TME, assisting oncologists to generate individualized immunotherapeutic strategies.

The tumor microenvironment, comprised of tumor cells and tumor‐infiltrating immune cells, is closely associated with the clinical outcome of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) patients. However, the landscape of immune infiltration in ccRCC has not been fully elucidated. Herein, we applied multiple computational methods and various datasets to reveal the immune infiltrative landscape of ccRCC patients. The tumor immune infiltration (TII) levels of 525 ccRCC patients using a single‐sample gene were examined and further categorized into immune infiltration subgroups. The TII score was characterized by distinct clinical traits and showed a significant divergence based on gender, grade, and stage. A high TII score was associated with the ERBB signaling pathway, the TGF‐β signaling pathway, and the MTOR signaling pathway, as well as a better prognosis. Furthermore, patients with high TII scores exhibited greater sensitivity to pazopanib. The low TII score was characterized by a high immune infiltration level of CD8⁺ T cells, T follicular helper cells, and regulatory T cells (Tregs). Moreover, the immune check point genes, including CTLA‐4, LAG3, PD‐1, and IDO1, presented a high expression level in the low TII score group. Patients in the high TII score group demonstrated significant therapeutic advantages and clinical benefits. The findings in this study have the potential to assist in the strategic design of immunotherapeutic treatments for ccRCC.

Linear small molecules have been proved to be promising donor materials for high performance small molecular solar cells (SMSCs). In this paper, a series of narrow-band gap, p-conjugated small molecules (SMs) with a D(A–Ar)2 linear framework, denoted as FBT(PyDPP-T)2, FBT(IID-T)2 and FBT(TDPP-T)2, based on fluorinated 2,2'-bithiophene (FBT) as an electron-donating (D) central core, pyridine-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (PyDPP), isoindigo (IID) or thiophene-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (TDPP) as electron-accepting (A) units, and 2-octylthiophene (Ar) units as end-capping units, have been designed and synthesized for application as donor materials in solution-processed SM organic solar cells (OSCs). The impacts of different acceptor units and fluorinated central cores on bulk properties, such as the optoelectronic properties, carrier mobility, the HOMO/LUMO energy level, and the morphologies of blend films, as well as optimization on device performance via appropriate solvent vapor annealing (SVA) are systematically investigated. The as-cast devices based on FBT(PyDPP-T)2, FBT(IID-T)2 and FBT(TDPPT)2 exhibit PCEs of 5.04%, 5.68% and 6.86%, respectively. Encouragingly, after a SVA treatment with carbon disulfide (CS2) for 20 s, an impressively improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 6.86% to 9.00% with an increase of 35% was obtained in the FBT(TDPP-T)2/PC71BM (w/w, 1 : 1) based cells due to an enhanced short circuit current density (Jsc) of 16.14 mA cm2 and fill factor (FF) of 73.52%, which is among the highest reported for D(A–Ar)2-type SM-based solar cells with a PCE up to 9.0% so far. Our research results reported here clearly demonstrate that highly efficient SM-OSCs can be obtained via rational design of their molecular structure and optimization of the phase-separated morphology through an appropriate solvent-vapor annealing process.