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Prof. Dr. Nicoletta Santangelo
Dipartimento Scienze della Terra, dell'Ambiente e delle Risorse, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte S. Angelo, Via Cintia 26, 80126 Naples, Italy

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0 Geomorphology
0 Karst
0 Natural Hazards
0 geotourism
0 Geoheritage

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geotourism
Karst
Flash flood
Geoheritage
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Journal article
Published: 12 July 2021 in Geosciences
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This paper deals with the problem of cliff stability and proposes a geomorphological zonation of a cliff using a sector of the Posillipo promontory (named the Coroglio-Trentaremi sea cliff, Italy), in the Campi Flegrei coastal area, as a case study. A detailed geological and geomorphological analysis was carried out, by combining field work with analysis of detailed scale topographic maps, orthophoto, and stratigraphical data from deep boreholes. Field and borehole data, together with structural data collected in seven different stations along the cliff, allowed us to derive six geological cross-sections and to reconstruct the complex stratigraphical and structural setting of the cliff. Geomorphological analysis focused on the detection of the main geomorphological factors predisposing to cliff instability. We selected the most significant factors and divided them into two groups: factors influencing landslide intensity and factors influencing cliff instability. Then, by means of a heuristic approach, we constructed a matrix that was used to derive a map showing the geomorphological zonation of the sea cliff. This map may enable to development of a reliable scenario of cliff instability and consequent retreat, which may be useful either to plan intervention works in the most critical areas or to organize prevention plans aimed at risk mitigation.

ACS Style

Giuseppe Di Crescenzo; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo; Ettore Valente. Geomorphological Approach to Cliff Instability in Volcanic Slopes: A Case Study from the Gulf of Naples (Southern Italy). Geosciences 2021, 11, 289 .

AMA Style

Giuseppe Di Crescenzo, Nicoletta Santangelo, Antonio Santo, Ettore Valente. Geomorphological Approach to Cliff Instability in Volcanic Slopes: A Case Study from the Gulf of Naples (Southern Italy). Geosciences. 2021; 11 (7):289.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giuseppe Di Crescenzo; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo; Ettore Valente. 2021. "Geomorphological Approach to Cliff Instability in Volcanic Slopes: A Case Study from the Gulf of Naples (Southern Italy)." Geosciences 11, no. 7: 289.

Technical note
Published: 24 April 2021 in Landslides
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The term debris flow is associated with a wide variety of phenomena as debris slides, debris torrents, debris floods, mudflows, mudslides, hyper-concentrated flows and lahars (in volcanic slopes). In historical times, they frequently occurred in Campania Region (Southern Italy) producing damage and casualties. In this paper, more than 200 events described as “debris flow” between 1924 and 2020 were collected. They are mainly located in the central sector of the region, which is characterized by pyroclastic deposits resting on steep carbonate and volcanic slopes and highly prone to hydrogeological hazards. Debris flow events registered in the region were classified as “gravity processes” (flow-like landslides, FL) or “fluvial processes” (flash floods, FF). This classification is fundamental for designing effective early warning systems and risk mitigation plans, since the two phenomena are triggered by different types of rainfall events and are responsible for damages of different magnitude. In this study, a large rainfall database was explored to identify the time scales and seasonality of the two classes of rainfall events, respectively triggering the two phenomena.

ACS Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Giovanni Forte; Melania De Falco; Giovanni Battista Chirico; Antonio Santo. New insights on rainfall triggering flow-like landslides and flash floods in Campania (Southern Italy). Landslides 2021, 18, 2923 -2933.

AMA Style

Nicoletta Santangelo, Giovanni Forte, Melania De Falco, Giovanni Battista Chirico, Antonio Santo. New insights on rainfall triggering flow-like landslides and flash floods in Campania (Southern Italy). Landslides. 2021; 18 (8):2923-2933.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Giovanni Forte; Melania De Falco; Giovanni Battista Chirico; Antonio Santo. 2021. "New insights on rainfall triggering flow-like landslides and flash floods in Campania (Southern Italy)." Landslides 18, no. 8: 2923-2933.

Editorial
Published: 28 June 2020 in Resources
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This Special Issue wants to outline the role of Geoheritage and Geotourism as potential touristic resources of a region. The term “Geoheritage” refers to a peculiar type of natural resources represented by sites of special geological significance, rarity or beauty that are representative of a region and of its geological history, events and processes. These sites are also known as “geosites” and, as well as archaeological, architectonic and historical ones, they can be considered as part of the cultural estate of a country. “Geotourism” is an emerging type of sustainable tourism, which concentrates on geosites, furnishing to visitors knowledge, environmental education and amusement. In this meaning, Geotourism may be very useful for geological Sciences divulgation and may furnish additional opportunities for the development of rural areas, generally not included among the main touristic attractions. The collected papers focused on these main topics with different methods and approaches and can be grouped as follows: i) papers dealing with geosites promotion and valorisation in protected areas; ii) papers dealing with geosites promotion and valorisation in non-protected areas; iii) papers dealing with geosites promotion by exhibition, remote sensing analysis and apps; iv) papers investigating geotourism and geoheritage from the tourists’ perspective.

ACS Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Ettore Valente. Geoheritage and Geotourism Resources. Resources 2020, 9, 80 .

AMA Style

Nicoletta Santangelo, Ettore Valente. Geoheritage and Geotourism Resources. Resources. 2020; 9 (7):80.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Ettore Valente. 2020. "Geoheritage and Geotourism Resources." Resources 9, no. 7: 80.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2020 in Resources
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“Geotourism” is a particular type of “sustainable tourism” that is still in an embryonic stage, especially in Italy. The main goal is the transmission of geological knowledge to increase the awareness about geoheritage, geo-resources and geo-hazards. The geoparks represent ideal sites, with a strong educational significance for students, teachers, geo-tourists, and guides interested in geological and environmental sciences, though at different levels. With this in mind, we propose a geoitinerary through some of the most geologically interesting coastal areas in the Cilento, Vallo di Diano, and Alburni Geopark. The aim of the geoitinerary is to provide a good example of how geosites could be promoted through geotourism and used as means of divulgation of geological and environmental knowledge. The selected sites are the San Marco coast, the Licosa Cape and the Elea-Velia archaeological area. They are included in the official list of geosites and geomorphosites of the Geopark and have a relevant stratigraphic and geoarcheological value. The San Marco coast and the Licosa Cape are the “best sites” in the Geopark where Quaternary coastal deposits and morphologies are represented. The Elea-Velia site is one of the most famous archeological sites in the Geopark, which is also representative of complex human-environment interactions. Despite their high scientific significance, the sites that we have selected are not included in a specific promoting program. We have so tried to fill this gap by providing the scientific background for their geotouristic promotion that could also serve as an instrument for the increase of the local economy.

ACS Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Vincenzo Amato; Alessandra Ascione; Elda Russo Ermolli; Ettore Valente. GEOTOURISM as a Tool for Learning: A Geoitinerary in the Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni Geopark (Southern Italy). Resources 2020, 9, 67 .

AMA Style

Nicoletta Santangelo, Vincenzo Amato, Alessandra Ascione, Elda Russo Ermolli, Ettore Valente. GEOTOURISM as a Tool for Learning: A Geoitinerary in the Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni Geopark (Southern Italy). Resources. 2020; 9 (6):67.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Vincenzo Amato; Alessandra Ascione; Elda Russo Ermolli; Ettore Valente. 2020. "GEOTOURISM as a Tool for Learning: A Geoitinerary in the Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni Geopark (Southern Italy)." Resources 9, no. 6: 67.

Articles
Published: 01 June 2020 in Journal of Maps
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Naples and its surroundings are a very young landscape, originated from 40 ka in response to strong and explosive volcanic processes, which created the Campi Flegrei, one of the largest volcanic fields of the world. Despite the repeated and continuous volcanic activity, this territory was selected for human settlements since Neolithic times and hosted some of the most important Greek and Roman towns in the Mediterranean area (e.g., Cuma, Parthenope, Neapolis, Baia and Puteoli). Geoarcheological data and historical chronicles testify to human coexistence with eruptions, bradyseismic ground motions, coastline changes, floods and landslides. With the aim of describing the geomorphological evolution of this area to a wide audience, including also non-experts, we constructed a synthetic geomorphological map of the area and sketches that synthesise the main stages of the geomorphological evolution of the historical centre of Naples and the coastal belt of the Gulf of Pozzuoli during the last millennia.

ACS Style

Alessandra Ascione; Pietro P.C. Aucelli; Aldo Cinque; Gianluigi Di Paola; Gaia Mattei; Maria Ruello; Elda Russo Ermolli; Nicoletta Santangelo; Ettore Valente. Geomorphology of Naples and the Campi Flegrei: human and natural landscapes in a restless land. Journal of Maps 2020, 1 -11.

AMA Style

Alessandra Ascione, Pietro P.C. Aucelli, Aldo Cinque, Gianluigi Di Paola, Gaia Mattei, Maria Ruello, Elda Russo Ermolli, Nicoletta Santangelo, Ettore Valente. Geomorphology of Naples and the Campi Flegrei: human and natural landscapes in a restless land. Journal of Maps. 2020; ():1-11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandra Ascione; Pietro P.C. Aucelli; Aldo Cinque; Gianluigi Di Paola; Gaia Mattei; Maria Ruello; Elda Russo Ermolli; Nicoletta Santangelo; Ettore Valente. 2020. "Geomorphology of Naples and the Campi Flegrei: human and natural landscapes in a restless land." Journal of Maps , no. : 1-11.

Journal article
Published: 26 April 2020 in Resources
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In this paper we want to stress the role of geotourism as a means to promote environmental education and, on occasion, as a way to increase the touristic interest of an area. Geoparks are certainly the territory where geotourism can be best exploited. We propose a geoitinerary to discover the amazing, but poorly known, Middle Bussento Karst System, with the blind valley of the Bussento River, in the southeast of the Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Global Geopark. This is the only example, in Southern Italy, of a stream sinking underground and it is the second longest subsurface river path in Italy, making this a core area of the Geopark. We combined field surveys and literature data to create a geoitinerary that can be useful in helping to promote this site. This geoitinerary is applicable to both simple generic visitors and geo-tourists and has an educational purpose, especially in explaining the significance and the fragility of karst areas in terms of environmental protection. Moreover, it may represent a sort of stimulus for the growth of touristic activity in this inner area of the Geopark.

ACS Style

Ettore Valente; Antonio Santo; Domenico Guida; Nicoletta Santangelo. Geotourism in the Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni UNESCO Global Geopark (Southern Italy): The Middle Bussento Karst System. Resources 2020, 9, 52 .

AMA Style

Ettore Valente, Antonio Santo, Domenico Guida, Nicoletta Santangelo. Geotourism in the Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni UNESCO Global Geopark (Southern Italy): The Middle Bussento Karst System. Resources. 2020; 9 (5):52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ettore Valente; Antonio Santo; Domenico Guida; Nicoletta Santangelo. 2020. "Geotourism in the Cilento, Vallo di Diano and Alburni UNESCO Global Geopark (Southern Italy): The Middle Bussento Karst System." Resources 9, no. 5: 52.

Journal article
Published: 24 September 2019 in Geosciences
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Under the European FP7 SNOWBALL project (2014–2017), the island of Santorini was used as a case study to validate a procedure to assess the possible multiple cascading effects caused by volcanic eruptions. From January 2011 to April 2012, the area was affected by low to moderate (Mw <3.2) seismic shaking, which caused concern regarding a possible volcanic eruption that ultimately failed to materialize. Assuming the worst-case scenario of a sub-Plinian eruption, this study provides insights into the approach adopted by the SNOWBALL project to identify the most critical areas (hot spots) for slope stability. Geological field surveys, thematic maps, and geomorphological data on aerial photos and landform interpretation were adopted to assess the static susceptibility. The eruption scenario is related to two different phenomena: a pre-eruption earthquake (Mw 5.2) and the subsequent ash fallout deposition following the prevailing winds. Landslide susceptibility in seismic conditions was assessed through the HAZUS approach and the estimate of Newmark displacements (u), while the critical areas for ash fallout mobilization were assessed adopting empirical relationships. The findings are summarized in a scenario map reporting the most critical areas and the infrastructures most vulnerable to such phenomena.

ACS Style

Giovanni Forte; Melania De Falco; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. Slope Stability in a Multi-Hazard Eruption Scenario (Santorini, Greece). Geosciences 2019, 9, 412 .

AMA Style

Giovanni Forte, Melania De Falco, Nicoletta Santangelo, Antonio Santo. Slope Stability in a Multi-Hazard Eruption Scenario (Santorini, Greece). Geosciences. 2019; 9 (10):412.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Giovanni Forte; Melania De Falco; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. 2019. "Slope Stability in a Multi-Hazard Eruption Scenario (Santorini, Greece)." Geosciences 9, no. 10: 412.

Research article
Published: 09 November 2018 in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
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Karst collapse sinkholes (KCS) are a peculiar karst morphology resulting from the collapse of the topographic surface caused by subsurface karstification. In Southern Apennine these phenomena are not randomly distributed but concentrate in several zones, named High Sinkhole Concentration Areas (HSCA), showing peculiar geological, structural and hydrogeological conditions. Gas vents and mineral springs are spread out in these HSCA, and are often stricty related to the KCS. Starting from four representative areas, the aim of this study is to ascertain if there is a genetic link between peculiar mineralogical vs. geochemical features of densely fractured/altered rocky masses in KCS, gas vents/springs occurrences and diffuse hypogenic karstification. By means of a multidisciplinar approach (geological/geomorphological, mineralogical and geochemical) we selected and analysed four different kind of samples related to KCS, gas vent and spring occurrences: i) altered to deeply altered limestones sampled in the sinkholes, ii) unaltered limestones sampled in close proximity to sinkhole areas, iii) gypsum‐rich crusts/patinae, precipitated near to gas vents, iv) gypsum‐ and calcite‐rich precipitates occurring at springs or inside caves. Among neoformed non‐carbonate minerals, gypsum is virtually ubiquitous, halides (fluorite, halite, sylvite) also occur in small to trace amounts. The mineralogical assemblages of the different samples show similarities and may be also compatible with hypogenic speleogenesis and with a process of alteration of the carbonate bedrock by means of uprising mineralizing fluids along structural discontinuities. Stable isotopic compositions (S, O) display a strong variability in δ34S and δ18O for sulfate in the different areas, but a deep‐seated sulfur source can be hypothesized for many of the studied KCS‐related samples. This study has important implications for the relationships between areas of high concentration of sinkholes, regional fault systems, mechanical characteristics of rocks and the high seismicity typical of these areas of the Southern Apennines.

ACS Style

A. Santo; N. Santangelo; G. Balassone; H. Strauss. Deep seated fault-related volcanogenic H2S as the key agent of high sinkhole concentration areas. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2018, 44, 713 -735.

AMA Style

A. Santo, N. Santangelo, G. Balassone, H. Strauss. Deep seated fault-related volcanogenic H2S as the key agent of high sinkhole concentration areas. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2018; 44 (3):713-735.

Chicago/Turabian Style

A. Santo; N. Santangelo; G. Balassone; H. Strauss. 2018. "Deep seated fault-related volcanogenic H2S as the key agent of high sinkhole concentration areas." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 44, no. 3: 713-735.

Review
Published: 01 February 2017 in Geologica Carpathica
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The Quaternary evolution of the main coastal basins located along the southwestern margin of the Southern Apennines has been reconstructed by integrating the huge amount of existing stratigraphical and geomorphological data. The information produced in the last twenty years has shed new light on the recent (late Middle Pleistocene to Present) history of the Campanian and Sele plains or basins. During the early Quaternary, the analysed coastal basins originated as half-grabens in response to opening processes active since the late Tortonian in the southern Tyrrhenian back-arc basin. In some of these basins (e.g. the Campanian Plain), volcanism has also played an important role. In the inner sectors of the coastal basins, the complex interplay between block faulting, sedimentary inputs and glacioeustatic fluctuations gave rise to relative sea-level change and related coastline migrations, leading to the formation of the present-day coastal plains. In the Sele Plain basin, the construction of the present-day landscape mainly resulted from the substantial ceasing of subsidence in the final part of the Middle Pleistocene. Conversely, a strong contribution to the recent evolution of the Campanian Plain has been provided by abundant volcaniclastic aggradation, able to hinder the effect of the vertical motions that occurred in the last 100 ka.

ACS Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Paola Romano; Alessandra Ascione; Elda Russo Ermolli. Quaternary evolution of the Southern Apennines coastal plains: a review. Geologica Carpathica 2017, 68, 43 -56.

AMA Style

Nicoletta Santangelo, Paola Romano, Alessandra Ascione, Elda Russo Ermolli. Quaternary evolution of the Southern Apennines coastal plains: a review. Geologica Carpathica. 2017; 68 (1):43-56.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Paola Romano; Alessandra Ascione; Elda Russo Ermolli. 2017. "Quaternary evolution of the Southern Apennines coastal plains: a review." Geologica Carpathica 68, no. 1: 43-56.

Journal article
Published: 29 November 2016 in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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This study presents an historical database of flash flood events in the Campania region of southern Italy. The study focuses on small catchments characterized by intermittent flow, generally occurring during and after heavy rainstorms, which can be hydrologically defined as small Mediterranean catchments. As the outlet zones of these catchments (consisting mainly of alluvial fans or fan deltas) are highly urbanized in Campania, the population living in the delivery areas is exposed to high risk. Detailed scrutiny and critical analysis of the existing literature, and of the data inventory available, allowed us to build a robust database consisting of about 500 events from 1540 to 2015, which is continuously updated. Since this study is the first step of a longer project to perform a hazard analysis, information about time and site of occurrence is known for all events. As for the hazard analysis envisaged, collecting information about past events could provide information on future events, in terms of damage and also spatial and temporal occurrence. After introducing the issue of flash floods in Italy we then describe the geological and geomorphological settings of the study area. The database is then presented, illustrating the methodology used in collecting information and its general structure. The collected data are then discussed and the statistical data analysis presented.

ACS Style

Carmela Vennari; Mario Parise; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. A database on flash flood events in Campania, southern Italy, with an evaluation of their spatial and temporal distribution. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2016, 16, 2485 -2500.

AMA Style

Carmela Vennari, Mario Parise, Nicoletta Santangelo, Antonio Santo. A database on flash flood events in Campania, southern Italy, with an evaluation of their spatial and temporal distribution. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2016; 16 (12):2485-2500.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmela Vennari; Mario Parise; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. 2016. "A database on flash flood events in Campania, southern Italy, with an evaluation of their spatial and temporal distribution." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 16, no. 12: 2485-2500.

Science
Published: 14 November 2016 in Journal of Maps
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In this paper, a 1:5000 map of the geomorphic consequences of the 14th–15th October 2015 flash flood is presented. The most severely affected area (about 13 km2) was located at the footslope of Mt. Camposauro (Southern Italy), between the municipalities of Solopaca and Paupisi. In this area high-intensity and very localized cloudbursts of short duration induced hillslope erosion and sediment delivery from the slopes to the Calore River, activating several alluvial fans. The rainstorm lasted 7 h with a maximum recorded rainfall peak of nearly 140 mm in 2 h. The event map resulting from a geological and geomorphological post-event field survey was supported by satellite images and unmanned aerial vehicle image interpretations, respectively taken one day and one week after the event. The flash flood resulted in no casualties but severely affected the local economy, mainly based on agriculture and wine production.

ACS Style

Antonio Santo; Nicoletta Santangelo; Giovanni Forte; Melania De Falco. Post flash flood survey: the 14th and 15th October 2015 event in the Paupisi-Solopaca area (Southern Italy). Journal of Maps 2016, 13, 19 -25.

AMA Style

Antonio Santo, Nicoletta Santangelo, Giovanni Forte, Melania De Falco. Post flash flood survey: the 14th and 15th October 2015 event in the Paupisi-Solopaca area (Southern Italy). Journal of Maps. 2016; 13 (2):19-25.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Santo; Nicoletta Santangelo; Giovanni Forte; Melania De Falco. 2016. "Post flash flood survey: the 14th and 15th October 2015 event in the Paupisi-Solopaca area (Southern Italy)." Journal of Maps 13, no. 2: 19-25.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana
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ACS Style

Carmela Vennari; Nicoletta Santangelo; Mario Parise. An historical database on alluvial events in torrential catchments of Campania region (southern Italy). Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 2016, 41, 92 -94.

AMA Style

Carmela Vennari, Nicoletta Santangelo, Mario Parise. An historical database on alluvial events in torrential catchments of Campania region (southern Italy). Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana. 2016; 41 ():92-94.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Carmela Vennari; Nicoletta Santangelo; Mario Parise. 2016. "An historical database on alluvial events in torrential catchments of Campania region (southern Italy)." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 41, no. : 92-94.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2016 in Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana
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ACS Style

Melania >De Falco; Giovanni Forte; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. Flash floods in torrential basins: the event of October 14th-15th 2015 in the surroundings of Benevento (Southern Italy). Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 2016, 41, 131 -134.

AMA Style

Melania >De Falco, Giovanni Forte, Nicoletta Santangelo, Antonio Santo. Flash floods in torrential basins: the event of October 14th-15th 2015 in the surroundings of Benevento (Southern Italy). Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana. 2016; 41 ():131-134.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melania >De Falco; Giovanni Forte; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. 2016. "Flash floods in torrential basins: the event of October 14th-15th 2015 in the surroundings of Benevento (Southern Italy)." Rendiconti Online della Società Geologica Italiana 41, no. : 131-134.

Journal article
Published: 11 April 2015 in Natural Hazards
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This study presents the analysis of flash floods triggered by an extreme rainfall event that occurred on 7 October, 2011, over the Marzano carbonate massif (Southern Apennines). The rainfall event reactivated alluvial fans built up at the outlet of two mountain basins. Detailed geological surveys carried out immediately after the event allowed the reconstruction of the main erosion and depositional processes that occurred both in the drainage basin and in the fan areas. The volume of materials eroded in the basin and deposited in the fan was evaluated by means of accurate topographic surveying and GPS measurements. Morphological and morphometric properties of the basin/fan system as well as the presence of human interventions and structures along the main channel and in the fan area influenced flow propagation. The transported materials came mainly from debris and gravels previously accumulated along the stream beds and mobilised by the flow during the event. No significant evidence of landslide contribution to transported bed load was detected. Extensive damage was done to buildings, river bank structures and agricultural crops. Despite the existence of hundreds of similar alluvial/fan systems in the Southern Apennines, few studies have been conducted to support adequate risk mitigation action in these areas. Indeed, to our knowledge, this is the first study focusing on assessing the magnitude of alluvial fan flooding in the context of the Southern Apennines. Studies like the present one may help determine the volumes involved during flash floods whilst providing support for detailed flood hazard zoning and for risk mitigation planning.

ACS Style

Antonio Santo; Nicoletta Santangelo; Giuseppe Di Crescenzo; Vittoria Scorpio; Melania De Falco; Giovanni Battista Chirico. Flash flood occurrence and magnitude assessment in an alluvial fan context: the October 2011 event in the Southern Apennines. Natural Hazards 2015, 78, 417 -442.

AMA Style

Antonio Santo, Nicoletta Santangelo, Giuseppe Di Crescenzo, Vittoria Scorpio, Melania De Falco, Giovanni Battista Chirico. Flash flood occurrence and magnitude assessment in an alluvial fan context: the October 2011 event in the Southern Apennines. Natural Hazards. 2015; 78 (1):417-442.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Antonio Santo; Nicoletta Santangelo; Giuseppe Di Crescenzo; Vittoria Scorpio; Melania De Falco; Giovanni Battista Chirico. 2015. "Flash flood occurrence and magnitude assessment in an alluvial fan context: the October 2011 event in the Southern Apennines." Natural Hazards 78, no. 1: 417-442.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2015 in Journal of Maps
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Several case studies of geomorphological mapping at various scales in order to identify areas prone to alluvial fan flooding are presented in this paper. The selected areas are located in southern Italy and are representative of a geomorphic unit (foothills consisting of coalescent alluvial fans) found throughout the southern Apennines. The medium-scale approach represents the best tool to identify areas susceptible to flooding, using detailed geomorphological mapping of fan systems. It can be considered a preliminary analysis, which provides important information for large areas and identifies zones which need further investigation. Large-scale map analysis may be applied to a single fan and used to distinguish fan portions prone to different degrees of hazard exposure, thus providing accurate information for decision-makers who are called upon to plan hazard management. In both cases, analysis based on detailed geological and geomorphological field surveys is often coupled with remotely sensed data

ACS Style

Vittoria Scorpio; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. Multiscale map analysis in alluvial fan flood-prone areas. Journal of Maps 2015, 12, 382 -393.

AMA Style

Vittoria Scorpio, Nicoletta Santangelo, Antonio Santo. Multiscale map analysis in alluvial fan flood-prone areas. Journal of Maps. 2015; 12 (2):382-393.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Vittoria Scorpio; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. 2015. "Multiscale map analysis in alluvial fan flood-prone areas." Journal of Maps 12, no. 2: 382-393.

Journal article
Published: 16 September 2014 in Geoheritage
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The Cilento Vallo di Diano National Park (Southern Italy) was recently awarded the designation of ‘Geopark’. Situated in the Southern Apennine chain in a typical Mediterranean environment, it is noted for a high degree of geological diversity: Coastal and mountain areas made up both by carbonate and terrigenous successions give rise to a landscape alternating between steep mountainous districts and hilly areas. This territory preserves a large number of geosites, which have been identified and described by previous authors. This paper illustrates two basic geo-itineraries which can help to explain the high potential interest of the area in geotourism terms and which can provide a valid example for further geo-itinerary planning. The itineraries can be used for teaching purposes at different educational levels (students of high school level, schoolteachers, geotourists and geopark guides), as well as for university courses. In addition, non-geologists may follow the itineraries and discover the geological heritage of the park. The first itinerary is located in the inner zone of the geopark. It runs throughout the Alburni massif and explains how karst processes act within a carbonate massif and how they influence underground water storage and circulation. The second is located in the southern coastal sector of the park. It sets out to describe the main Quaternary eustatic sea-level fluctuations and the main coastal morphologies. In both cases, an educational box at the beginning and a reflection box at the end of each itinerary are proposed to facilitate comprehension of the main concepts for visiting non-experts and to convey the main messages of the trip better.

ACS Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Paolo Romano; Amalia Virzo De Santo. Geo-itineraries in the Cilento Vallo di Diano Geopark: A Tool for Tourism Development in Southern Italy. Geoheritage 2014, 7, 319 -335.

AMA Style

Nicoletta Santangelo, Paolo Romano, Amalia Virzo De Santo. Geo-itineraries in the Cilento Vallo di Diano Geopark: A Tool for Tourism Development in Southern Italy. Geoheritage. 2014; 7 (4):319-335.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Paolo Romano; Amalia Virzo De Santo. 2014. "Geo-itineraries in the Cilento Vallo di Diano Geopark: A Tool for Tourism Development in Southern Italy." Geoheritage 7, no. 4: 319-335.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2013 in Terra Nova
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Continental carbonates of Quaternary age in southern Italy commonly exhibit the facies of calcareous tufa, often reported as related to shallow aquifers fed by meteoric waters and to organic processes. A close spatial relationship exists between the mappable tufa deposits and major Quaternary extensional faults. With respect to the Ca‐Mg‐HCO3 composition of limestone aquifers’ springs, tufa‐depositing springs exhibit higher salinity and alkalinity, are slightly warmer, have lower pH and are enriched in SO4 and CO2. Their δ13C values are systematically positive and compatible with a deep‐seated carbon source. A clear input of soil‐derived organic carbon is indicated only for small, non‐mappable tufas deposited by perched springs. The dataset indicates that the large tufa deposits owe their origin to a supplementary source of CO2 advected by degassing through active faults, as a necessary prerequisite for inducing a rise of total dissolved salts and alkalinity. Meteoric waters that have come from a shallow aquifer are able to precipitate only limited amount of carbonates.

ACS Style

Alessandra Ascione; Alessandro Iannace; Pamela Imbriale; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. Tufa and travertines of southern Italy: deep-seated, fault-related CO2as the key control in precipitation. Terra Nova 2013, 26, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Alessandra Ascione, Alessandro Iannace, Pamela Imbriale, Nicoletta Santangelo, Antonio Santo. Tufa and travertines of southern Italy: deep-seated, fault-related CO2as the key control in precipitation. Terra Nova. 2013; 26 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandra Ascione; Alessandro Iannace; Pamela Imbriale; Nicoletta Santangelo; Antonio Santo. 2013. "Tufa and travertines of southern Italy: deep-seated, fault-related CO2as the key control in precipitation." Terra Nova 26, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2012 in Quaternary International
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A palaeolandscape reconstruction of the Southern Apennine chain for the Early and the Middle Pleistocene is presented with the main aim of highlighting the evolution of this sector of the chain during a key period for the diffusion of Palaeolithic men in the Italian peninsula. During the Calabrian stage Italy was an elongated peninsula, narrower than present, extended between the Tyrrhenian and the foreland seas with two big islands (Gargano and Murge) in the central part of the foredeep basin. This area started to emerge at the end of Early Pleistocene (1.2 - 0.78 Ma) when occasional communications among the islands and the Southern Apennine peninsula may have occurred, probably in concomitance with eustatic low stands. This scenario opens interesting questions on the migration pathways followed by ancient Palaeolithic men to reach the site of Pirro Nord (1.3-1.7 Ma; NW Gargano). The definitive emersion of the studied area was completed at the beginning of the Ionian stage when a lot of lakes punctuated the axial portion of the chain together with two great active volcanoes: Roccamonfina and Vulture. In the surroundings of the palaeo-lakes the Palaeolithic man started moving from 600 to 200 ka, as testified by the artefacts of Acheulean tradition recovered, among others, at Isernia La Pineta and Notarchirico

ACS Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Valentino DI Donato; Vincent Lebreton; Paola Romano; Elda Russo Ermolli. Palaeolandscapes of Southern Apennines during the late Early and the Middle Pleistocene. Quaternary International 2012, 267, 20 -29.

AMA Style

Nicoletta Santangelo, Valentino DI Donato, Vincent Lebreton, Paola Romano, Elda Russo Ermolli. Palaeolandscapes of Southern Apennines during the late Early and the Middle Pleistocene. Quaternary International. 2012; 267 ():20-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Valentino DI Donato; Vincent Lebreton; Paola Romano; Elda Russo Ermolli. 2012. "Palaeolandscapes of Southern Apennines during the late Early and the Middle Pleistocene." Quaternary International 267, no. : 20-29.

Research article
Published: 15 December 2011 in Earth Surface Processes and Landforms
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The flooding susceptibility of alluvial fans in the Southern Apennines has long been neglected. To partly address this oversight, we focus on the region of Campania which contains highly urbanized piedmont areas particularly vulnerable to flooding. Our findings are based on stratigraphic analysis of the fans and morphometric analysis of the basin‐fan systems. Using geomorphological analysis we recognized active alluvial fans while stratigraphic analysis together with statistical analysis of the morphometric variables was used to classify the fans in terms of the transport process involved. The results indicate that in the geological context examined, the best discrimination between debris flow (Df) and water flood (Wf) processes is achieved by means of two related variables, one for the basin (feeder channel inclination, Cg) and one for the fan (fan length, Fl). The probability that an unclassified fan belongs to group Wf is computed by applying a logistic function in which a P value exceeding 0.5 indicates that a basin/fan system belongs to group Wf. This important result led to the classification of the entire basin/fan system data. As regards process intensity, debris flow‐dominated fans are susceptible to the occurrence of flows with high viscosity and hence subject to more severe events than water flood‐dominated fans. Bearing this in mind, the data gathered in this study allow us to detect where alluvial fan flooding might occur and give information on the different degrees of susceptibility at a regional scale. Regrettably, urban development in recent decades has failed to take the presence of such alluvial fans into account due to the long recurrence time (50–100 years) between floods. This paper outlines the distribution of such susceptibility scenarios throughout the region, thereby constituting an initial step to implementing alluvial fan flooding control and mitigation. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Josep Daunisiestadella; G. Di Crescenzo; Valentino DI Donato; P. I. Faillace; Josep Antoni Martín-Fernández; Paola Romano; Amalia Virzo De Santo; Vittoria Scorpio. Topographic predictors of susceptibility to alluvial fan flooding, Southern Apennines. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 2011, 37, 803 -817.

AMA Style

Nicoletta Santangelo, Josep Daunisiestadella, G. Di Crescenzo, Valentino DI Donato, P. I. Faillace, Josep Antoni Martín-Fernández, Paola Romano, Amalia Virzo De Santo, Vittoria Scorpio. Topographic predictors of susceptibility to alluvial fan flooding, Southern Apennines. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. 2011; 37 (8):803-817.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nicoletta Santangelo; Josep Daunisiestadella; G. Di Crescenzo; Valentino DI Donato; P. I. Faillace; Josep Antoni Martín-Fernández; Paola Romano; Amalia Virzo De Santo; Vittoria Scorpio. 2011. "Topographic predictors of susceptibility to alluvial fan flooding, Southern Apennines." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 37, no. 8: 803-817.

Journal article
Published: 17 October 2011 in Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences
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This paper deals with the risk assessment to alluvial fan flooding at the piedmont zone of carbonate massifs of the southern Apennines chain (southern Italy). These areas are prime spots for urban development and are generally considered to be safer than the valley floors. As a result, villages and towns have been built on alluvial fans which, during intense storms, may be affected by flooding and/or debris flow processes. The study area is located at the foothills of the Maddalena mountains, an elongated NW-SE trending ridge which bounds to the east the wide intermontane basin of Vallo di Diano. The area comprises a wide detrital talus (bajada) made up by coalescent alluvial fans, ranging in age from the Middle Pleistocene to the Holocene. Historical analysis was carried out to ascertain the state of activity of the fans and to identify and map the zones most hit by past flooding. According to the information gathered, the Sala Consilina fans would appear prone to debris flows; in the past these processes have produced extensive damage and loss of life in the urban area. The watershed basins feeding the fans have very low response times and may produce debris flow events with high magnitudes. Taking into account the historical damage, the fan surface morphology, and the present urban development (street orientation and hydraulic network), the piedmont area was zoned and various susceptibility classes were detected. These results may represent a useful tool for studies aiming at territorial hazard mapping and civil protection interventions.

ACS Style

N. Santangelo; A. Santo; G. Di Crescenzo; G. Foscari; V. Liuzza; S. Sciarrotta; Vittoria Scorpio. Flood susceptibility assessment in a highly urbanized alluvial fan: the case study of Sala Consilina (southern Italy). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 2011, 11, 2765 -2780.

AMA Style

N. Santangelo, A. Santo, G. Di Crescenzo, G. Foscari, V. Liuzza, S. Sciarrotta, Vittoria Scorpio. Flood susceptibility assessment in a highly urbanized alluvial fan: the case study of Sala Consilina (southern Italy). Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences. 2011; 11 (10):2765-2780.

Chicago/Turabian Style

N. Santangelo; A. Santo; G. Di Crescenzo; G. Foscari; V. Liuzza; S. Sciarrotta; Vittoria Scorpio. 2011. "Flood susceptibility assessment in a highly urbanized alluvial fan: the case study of Sala Consilina (southern Italy)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 10: 2765-2780.