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Accurate assessment of soil erosion is an important prerequisite for controlling soil erosion. The engineering-control (E) and tillage (T) factors are the keys for Chinese Soil Loss Equation (CSLE) to accurately evaluate water erosion in China. Besides, the E and T factors can reflect the water and soil conservation effects of engineering-control and tillage practices. But in the current full coverage of soil erosion surveys in China (such as soil erosion dynamic monitoring), for the same practice, the E or T factors are assigned the same value across the country. We selected 469 E and T factors data based on runoff plots from 73 publications, and they came from six soil and water conservation regions. Correlation analysis, regression analysis, and nonparametric tests were used to determine the comparability of the data, and it was proved that the runoff plots dimensions are consistent with the local topography. The results of one-way ANOVA and nonparametric tests for E and T factors in different regions showed that the engineering-control practices have good soil and water conservation effects and weaken the regional differences of other environmental factors, so there were no significant differences in E factors between different regions. However, there were significant differences in T factors between different regions, and the geodetector was applied to explore the intrinsic driving force of the spatial distribution of T factors. The results of the geodetector showed that the dominant driving forces of the spatial distribution of different types of tillage practices were not completely the same. When using CSLE to calculate water erosion, the E factor of the same practice can be used uniformly throughout the country, and the T factor needs to be considered and selected according to regional differences. At the same time, when choosing tillage practices in each water and soil conservation region, practices with better sediment reduction benefits should also be selected according to the regional environmental conditions.
Rui-Yin Chen; Dong-Chun Yan; An-Bang Wen; Zhong-Lin Shi; Jia-Cun Chen; Yuan Liu; Tai-Li Chen. The regional difference in engineering-control and tillage factors of Chinese Soil Loss Equation. Journal of Mountain Science 2021, 18, 658 -670.
AMA StyleRui-Yin Chen, Dong-Chun Yan, An-Bang Wen, Zhong-Lin Shi, Jia-Cun Chen, Yuan Liu, Tai-Li Chen. The regional difference in engineering-control and tillage factors of Chinese Soil Loss Equation. Journal of Mountain Science. 2021; 18 (3):658-670.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRui-Yin Chen; Dong-Chun Yan; An-Bang Wen; Zhong-Lin Shi; Jia-Cun Chen; Yuan Liu; Tai-Li Chen. 2021. "The regional difference in engineering-control and tillage factors of Chinese Soil Loss Equation." Journal of Mountain Science 18, no. 3: 658-670.
Characterizing soil particle-size distribution is a key measure towards soil property. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the multifractal characteristics of soil particle-size distribution among different land-use from a purple soil catchment and to generalize the spatial variation trend of multifractal parameters across the catchment. A total of 84 soil samples were collected from four kinds of land use patterns (dry land, orchard, paddy, and forest) in an agricultural catchment in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. The multifractal analysis method was applied to quantitatively characterize the soil particle size distribution. Six soil particle size distribution (PSD) multifractal parameters (D(0), D(1), D(2), Δα(q), Δf[α(q)], α(0)) were computed. Additionally, a geostatistical analysis was employed to reveal the spatial differentiation and map the spatial distribution of these parameters. Evident multifractal characteristics were found. The trend of generalized dimension spectrum of four land use patterns was basically consistent with the range of 0.8 to 2.0. However, orchard showed the largest monotonic decline, while the forest demonstrated the smallest decrease. D(0) of the four land use patterns were ranked as: dry land < orchard < forest < paddy, the order of D(1) was: dry land < paddy < orchard < forest, D(2) presented a rand-size relationship as dry land < forest < paddy < orchard. Furthermore, all land-use patterns presented as Δf[α(q)] < 0. The rand-size relationship of α(0) was same as D(0). The best-fitting model for D(0), D(1), D(2) and Δf[α(q)] was spherical model, for Δα(q) was gaussian model, and for α(0) was exponential model with structure variance ratio was 1.03%, 49.83%, 0.84%, 1.48%, 22.20% and 10.60%, respectively. The results showed that soil particles of each land use pattern were distributed unevenly. The multifractal parameters under different land use have significant differences, except for Δα(q). Differences in the composition of soil particles lead to differences in the multifractal properties even though they belong to the same soil texture. Farming behavior may refine particles and enhance the heterogeneity of soil particle distribution. Our results provide an effective reference for quantifying the impact of human activities on soil system in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.
Tai-Li Chen; Zhong-Lin Shi; An-Bang Wen; Dong-Chun Yan; Jin Guo; Jia-Cun Chen; Yuan Liu; Rui-Yin Chen. Multifractal characteristics and spatial variability of soil particle-size distribution in different land use patterns in a small catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. Journal of Mountain Science 2021, 18, 111 -125.
AMA StyleTai-Li Chen, Zhong-Lin Shi, An-Bang Wen, Dong-Chun Yan, Jin Guo, Jia-Cun Chen, Yuan Liu, Rui-Yin Chen. Multifractal characteristics and spatial variability of soil particle-size distribution in different land use patterns in a small catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China. Journal of Mountain Science. 2021; 18 (1):111-125.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTai-Li Chen; Zhong-Lin Shi; An-Bang Wen; Dong-Chun Yan; Jin Guo; Jia-Cun Chen; Yuan Liu; Rui-Yin Chen. 2021. "Multifractal characteristics and spatial variability of soil particle-size distribution in different land use patterns in a small catchment of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, China." Journal of Mountain Science 18, no. 1: 111-125.
A sediment fingerprinting approach was applied to identify dominant sediment sources in an area where soil conservation measures (i.e. terracing) had been carried out on steep, intensively cultivated lands but the outcome was unknown. The wider purpose was to provide scientific evidence to inform decisions on where erosion control and sediment mitigation strategies could be further targeted. Geochemical fingerprints were used to quantify sediment contributions from three potential sources, i.e. surface soil under cropland and woodland land use, and channel banks, in a managed small catchment in the Upper Yangtze River basin in southwestern China. In parallel, artificial mixtures with known source proportions were evaluated to examine the effects of grain size selection (<125 µm and < 63 µm) on the accuracy of modeled source contributions. Source apportionment results suggest that materials originating from incised and actively eroding channel banks were the most important source of sediment, which contribute over 80% of sediment to the catchment outlet. Sediment inputs from cropland (10–20%) and woodland (<10%) areas as a result of surface erosion were less important, since effective soil conservation measures have been implemented in this catchment. Although apportionment of sampled sediment provided comparable results for both coarser (<125 µm) and fine (<63 µm) size fractions, the artificial mixture results indicated that unmixing the coarse fraction alone could yield poor agreement between modeled source contributions and actual source proportions. The mean absolute error (MAE) for the coarse fraction mixtures ranged between 8.8% and 19.6%, with a mean of 13.6%, compared to the values of 4.0–7.4%, with a mean of 5.2% for the fine fractions. The results of this study highlight that channel bank materials constitute a significant fraction of suspended sediment exports in a heavily managed agricultural catchment, suggesting that future conservation works should be focused on drivers of erosion from this particular source type. Herein, it is surmised that reworking of legacy valley fill deposits is tempering the downstream benefits (e.g. reduced siltation) of recent upslope soil conservation, an important message for policy makers. The findings of this work also emphasize the methodological need to take account of potential uncertainties associate with source apportionments when using specific particle size fractions in fingerprinting studies.
Zhonglin Shi; William H. Blake; Anbang Wen; Jiacun Chen; Dongchun Yan; Yi Long. Channel erosion dominates sediment sources in an agricultural catchment in the Upper Yangtze basin of China: Evidence from geochemical fingerprints. CATENA 2021, 199, 105111 .
AMA StyleZhonglin Shi, William H. Blake, Anbang Wen, Jiacun Chen, Dongchun Yan, Yi Long. Channel erosion dominates sediment sources in an agricultural catchment in the Upper Yangtze basin of China: Evidence from geochemical fingerprints. CATENA. 2021; 199 ():105111.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhonglin Shi; William H. Blake; Anbang Wen; Jiacun Chen; Dongchun Yan; Yi Long. 2021. "Channel erosion dominates sediment sources in an agricultural catchment in the Upper Yangtze basin of China: Evidence from geochemical fingerprints." CATENA 199, no. : 105111.
The study of the variability of soil erosion in mountainous areas provides the basis for soil and water conservation work and forest ecological construction in a targeted way. In this study, Liangshan Town catchment, a typical catchment in the Hengduan Mountains region, southwest China, was selected to investigate the variation of soil erosion in different vertical zones using the 137Cs tracing technique. The mean 137Cs reference inventories varied between 573.51 and 705.54 Bq/m2, with the elevation increasing from 1600 to 2600 m. The rates of soil erosion exhibited a significant variation. Under the same land cover condition, the average annual soil erosion modulus of high-elevation forest (elevation > 2200 m) was 400.3 t/(km2·a). However, the average annual soil erosion modulus of a low-elevation sparse forest (elevation < 1600 m) was as high as 1756 t/(km2·a). The average annual soil erosion modulus of the sloping farmland, mainly distributed at elevations of 1600-2200 m, was estimated to be 2771 t/(km2·a). These results indicate that effective soil management measures need to be implemented on the cultivated sloping land in the future.
Jiacun Chen; Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Dongchun Yan; Taili Chen. 137Cs-Based Variation of Soil Erosion in Vertical Zones of a Small Catchment in Southwestern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 1371 .
AMA StyleJiacun Chen, Zhonglin Shi, Anbang Wen, Dongchun Yan, Taili Chen. 137Cs-Based Variation of Soil Erosion in Vertical Zones of a Small Catchment in Southwestern China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (8):1371.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJiacun Chen; Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Dongchun Yan; Taili Chen. 2019. "137Cs-Based Variation of Soil Erosion in Vertical Zones of a Small Catchment in Southwestern China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8: 1371.
Raheel Anjum; Qiang Tang; Adrian L Collins; Jinzhang Gao; Yi Long; Xinbao Zhang; Xiubin He; Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Jie Wei. Sedimentary chronology reinterpreted from Changshou Lake of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area reveals natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment production. 2018, 25, 17620 -17633.
AMA StyleRaheel Anjum, Qiang Tang, Adrian L Collins, Jinzhang Gao, Yi Long, Xinbao Zhang, Xiubin He, Zhonglin Shi, Anbang Wen, Jie Wei. Sedimentary chronology reinterpreted from Changshou Lake of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area reveals natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment production. . 2018; 25 (18):17620-17633.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaheel Anjum; Qiang Tang; Adrian L Collins; Jinzhang Gao; Yi Long; Xinbao Zhang; Xiubin He; Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Jie Wei. 2018. "Sedimentary chronology reinterpreted from Changshou Lake of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area reveals natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment production." 25, no. 18: 17620-17633.
Sedimentary archives preserved in geomorphic sinks provide records of historical sediment dynamics and its related natural and anthropogenic controls. This study reinterpreted sedimentary processes in Changshou Lake of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China by combining a rainfall erosivity index with multiple tracing proxies, and the impacts of natural and anthropogenic drivers on sediment production were also explored. Erosive rainfalls with low frequency and large magnitude in the rainy season contribute to a substantial proportion of annual total rainfall, which thus can be used to infer erosion and sediment yield events. The sedimentary chronology was determined by comparing rainfall erosivity index with depth distribution of 137Cs and absolute particle size, which revealed annual sedimentation rates ranging from 1.1 to 2.3 cm a−1. The multi-proxy dating index and variation of sedimentation rate divided the sediment profile into three major periods. The reference period (1956–1982) displays low variability of TOC, TN, trace metal concentrations, and mean sedimentation rate. In the stressed period (1982–1998), industrial and sewerage discharge led to input and deposition of TOC, TN, and trace metals (e.g., Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, and Ni). The highest annual sediment accumulation rate of 2.3 cm a−1 may be ascribed to the 1982 big flood event. In the present period (1998–2013), increased TOC, TN and decreased trace metals in the top layers of the sediment core indicated changes in lake ecology. Fish farming promoted algal growth and primary productivity which caused eutrophication until 2004–2005. The reduced mean sedimentation rate of 1.7 cm a−1 between 1998 and 2004, and thereafter, may be attributed to soil and water conservation and reforestation policies implemented in the Longxi catchment. Human activities such as deforestation, cultural and industrial revolution, and lake eutrophication associated with fish farming since 1989, therefore led to appreciable limnological variations. Overall, the dated sedimentary profile from Changshou Lake displays high consistency with archived historical events and reflects the impact of both natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment production.
Raheel Anjum; Qiang Tang; Adrian L. Collins; Jinzhang Gao; Yi Long; Xinbao Zhang; Xiubin He; Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Jie Wei. Sedimentary chronology reinterpreted from Changshou Lake of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area reveals natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment production. Environmental Science and Pollution Research 2018, 25, 17620 -17633.
AMA StyleRaheel Anjum, Qiang Tang, Adrian L. Collins, Jinzhang Gao, Yi Long, Xinbao Zhang, Xiubin He, Zhonglin Shi, Anbang Wen, Jie Wei. Sedimentary chronology reinterpreted from Changshou Lake of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area reveals natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment production. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2018; 25 (18):17620-17633.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRaheel Anjum; Qiang Tang; Adrian L. Collins; Jinzhang Gao; Yi Long; Xinbao Zhang; Xiubin He; Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Jie Wei. 2018. "Sedimentary chronology reinterpreted from Changshou Lake of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area reveals natural and anthropogenic controls on sediment production." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, no. 18: 17620-17633.
Ruxi River is a tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir. This study examined the temporal and spatial dynamics in particle size characteristics and the associated nutrients and contaminants of the fluvial suspended and deposited sediments along the Ruxi River. Temporal variations in the particle size distribution of the suspended sediment are controlled mainly by differences in sediment source during different seasons. Total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) in the < 62 μm fraction of the suspended sediment exhibit considerably higher concentrations in spring, indicating high probability of algal blooms in the backwater areas. Downstream trends in the nutrient contents of < 62 μm deposited sediments imply the greatest potential for eutrophication in the backwater ends, where highest nutrient concentrations were detected. Assessment of metal contamination shows that the sediments deposited in the water-level fluctuation zone were moderately to strongly contaminated by Cadmium (Cd), with a considerably high potential ecological risk. The findings reported have emphasized the impacts of reservoir impoundment on aquatic and/or terrestrial environment in this region. More information on physical, chemical and biological processes of sediment and sediment-associated materials are needed for developing environmentally and ecologically sound policies of water and sediment management.
Zhong-Lin Shi; Yong-Yan Wang; An-Bang Wen; Dong-Chun Yan; Jia-Cun Chen. Tempo-spatial variations of sediment-associated nutrients and contaminants in the Ruxi tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Journal of Mountain Science 2018, 15, 319 -326.
AMA StyleZhong-Lin Shi, Yong-Yan Wang, An-Bang Wen, Dong-Chun Yan, Jia-Cun Chen. Tempo-spatial variations of sediment-associated nutrients and contaminants in the Ruxi tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Journal of Mountain Science. 2018; 15 (2):319-326.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhong-Lin Shi; Yong-Yan Wang; An-Bang Wen; Dong-Chun Yan; Jia-Cun Chen. 2018. "Tempo-spatial variations of sediment-associated nutrients and contaminants in the Ruxi tributary of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China." Journal of Mountain Science 15, no. 2: 319-326.
The particle size distributions (PSDs) of soil and associated sediment are of fundamental importance in studying soil erosion dynamics and related environmental issues. However, detailed information on the variation of sediment size distributions within the erosion-delivery continuum and the effects of particle size selectivity on the size distribution of the sediment involved are absent and are urgently needed. A rainfall simulation experiment was performed on an erosion plot constructed on silt loam purple soil, located in Chongqing municipality, China. Three categories of material, namely, mobilized sediment, and exported and deposited sediment, associated with erosion and sediment delivery, were distinguished and sampled. The effective and ultimate PSDs of the sediment were determined and compared with those of the in situ soil. The results show that most of the mobilized and exported sediment was transported as primary particles. However, substantial proportions of aggregates were present in the deposited sediment. The experiment provided evidence of size-selective erosion, transport, and deposition and demonstrated that consideration of both effective and ultimate PSDs can provide an improved understanding of the size selectivity of erosion and sediment delivery processes. Consideration of the former can be important for understanding the erosion and delivery dynamics that control the latter. The results presented in this study demonstrate the potential for using and building on the approach employed, in order to develop a better understanding of the dynamics of sediment transport and deposition, as well as the size-selective nature of sediment mobilization, transport, and deposition.
Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Des E. Walling; Yongyan Wang; Jiacun Chen. Exploring particle size selectivity effects during erosion of purple soils in Chongqing municipality, China. Journal of Soils and Sediments 2016, 17, 1191 -1196.
AMA StyleZhonglin Shi, Anbang Wen, Des E. Walling, Yongyan Wang, Jiacun Chen. Exploring particle size selectivity effects during erosion of purple soils in Chongqing municipality, China. Journal of Soils and Sediments. 2016; 17 (4):1191-1196.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Des E. Walling; Yongyan Wang; Jiacun Chen. 2016. "Exploring particle size selectivity effects during erosion of purple soils in Chongqing municipality, China." Journal of Soils and Sediments 17, no. 4: 1191-1196.
Yong-Yan Wang; An-Bang Wen; Zhong-Lin Shi; Dong-Chun Yan; Bo Zhu; Jia-Liang Tang. [Characteristics of Deposited Sediment and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Typical Tributaries Bay Riparian Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir]. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue 2016, 37, 1 .
AMA StyleYong-Yan Wang, An-Bang Wen, Zhong-Lin Shi, Dong-Chun Yan, Bo Zhu, Jia-Liang Tang. [Characteristics of Deposited Sediment and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Typical Tributaries Bay Riparian Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir]. Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue. 2016; 37 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYong-Yan Wang; An-Bang Wen; Zhong-Lin Shi; Dong-Chun Yan; Bo Zhu; Jia-Liang Tang. 2016. "[Characteristics of Deposited Sediment and Assessment of Heavy Metals in Typical Tributaries Bay Riparian Zone of the Three Gorges Reservoir]." Huan jing ke xue= Huanjing kexue 37, no. 3: 1.
Soil erosion becomes a serious environmental problem in the world, especially in western China. An effective management practice called the Grain for Green Program (GGP), which was launched in 1999, aims to reduce soil and water loss and alleviate the ecological environment problem in western China. Two typical counties in western China, the Zhongxian (in Chongqing Municipality) and Ansai (in Shaanxi Province) were chosen to evaluate the dynamic changes of land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of the Program in this paper. The results showed that the cultivated land area was reduced by 7.08% from 1989 to 2003. The cultivated land per person was decreased by 8.42% during 1999–2003. Moreover, the stability index of the secondary sector of the economy was increased from 0.91 in the period 1990–1999 to 0.94 in the following ten years. In addition, the stability index of tertiary economic sector increased from 0.88 to 0.92 in Zhongxian county. Meanwhile, the cultivated land area was reduced by 15.48% from 1990 to 1999. The soil erosion modulus was decreased by 33.33% from 1999 to 2006. Also, the stability index of secondary and tertiary economic sectors was 0.86 in the period 1998–2002. However, it decreased by 77% during 2002 to 2007 in Ansai County. These results imply that the Grain for Green Program had different impact on the two regions. Several effective strategies of soil and water conservation have been carried out to ameliorate the sustainable development of ecological environment and economy in these two counties of western China.
Ping Zhou; An-Bang Wen; Dong-Chun Yan; Zhong-Lin Shi; Jin Guo; Zhan-Sheng Ju; Yi-Lan Zhang. Changes in land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of grain for green program in Western China — taking two typical counties as examples. Journal of Mountain Science 2014, 11, 526 -534.
AMA StylePing Zhou, An-Bang Wen, Dong-Chun Yan, Zhong-Lin Shi, Jin Guo, Zhan-Sheng Ju, Yi-Lan Zhang. Changes in land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of grain for green program in Western China — taking two typical counties as examples. Journal of Mountain Science. 2014; 11 (2):526-534.
Chicago/Turabian StylePing Zhou; An-Bang Wen; Dong-Chun Yan; Zhong-Lin Shi; Jin Guo; Zhan-Sheng Ju; Yi-Lan Zhang. 2014. "Changes in land use and agricultural production structure before and after the implementation of grain for green program in Western China — taking two typical counties as examples." Journal of Mountain Science 11, no. 2: 526-534.
7Be has been used as a powerful tracer for estimating short-term soil redistribution by virtue of its short half-life. However, the existing conversion model associated with this radionuclide means that it can only be applied to bare soils because vegetation will intercept a large proportion of 7Be fallout. A modified model which takes into consideration the impact factor of vegetation was reported in this paper and the estimation of soil redistribution was compared by using both the conventional and the modified models.
Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Li Ju; Dongchun Yan. A modified model for estimating soil redistribution on grassland by using 7Be measurements. Plant and Soil 2012, 362, 279 -286.
AMA StyleZhonglin Shi, Anbang Wen, Li Ju, Dongchun Yan. A modified model for estimating soil redistribution on grassland by using 7Be measurements. Plant and Soil. 2012; 362 (1):279-286.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Li Ju; Dongchun Yan. 2012. "A modified model for estimating soil redistribution on grassland by using 7Be measurements." Plant and Soil 362, no. 1: 279-286.
Accelerated soil erosion and land degradation represent major environmental problems for agricultural lands. Reliable information on the rates of soil loss is urgently needed. The traditional techniques for documenting rates of soil loss may meet this need, but face many limitations. The fallout radionuclides, especially 137Cs and 210Pbex, are increasingly used as effective tracers to quantify soil erosion rates, and they represent a valuable complement to the existing classical methods. This paper aims to introduce the basis for assessing soil erosion rates on cultivated and uncultivated slopes by using 137Cs and 210Pbex measurements, to compare the 137Cs and 210Pbex reference inventories, and to report several case studies undertaken in the hilly area of Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges area of China.
Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Xinbao Zhang; Xiubin He; Hao Li; Dongchun Yan. 137Cs and 210Pbex as soil erosion tracers in the hilly Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges area of China. Journal of Mountain Science 2012, 9, 27 -33.
AMA StyleZhonglin Shi, Anbang Wen, Xinbao Zhang, Xiubin He, Hao Li, Dongchun Yan. 137Cs and 210Pbex as soil erosion tracers in the hilly Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges area of China. Journal of Mountain Science. 2012; 9 (1):27-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Xinbao Zhang; Xiubin He; Hao Li; Dongchun Yan. 2012. "137Cs and 210Pbex as soil erosion tracers in the hilly Sichuan Basin and the Three Gorges area of China." Journal of Mountain Science 9, no. 1: 27-33.
The level-trench method is a traditional tillage operation to develop a drainage system on slope land in the Three Gorges region. Before crops are planted, farmers prepare the land with level trenches spaced 3–10 m apart, depending on the slope gradient: steeper slopes require shorter distances. Little scientific analysis has been done on the use of traditional level trenches for soil conservation. We conducted a field investigation and simulation experiments, and present a comparison between the spacing of level trenches and the slope length required for rill initiation. The results indicate that the spacing of level trenches in farmland is close to the slope length required for rill initiation in the experimental plots, and regression models of trench spacing with the gradient and the slope length required for rill initiation with the gradient have similar formats; the coefficients of determination (R2) for the two equations are 0.99 and 0.88, respectively. There were some differences between the field survey and experiments, but we conclude that the traditional level-trench method has an important role in preventing rill initiation.
Dongchun Yan; Anbang Wen; He Xiubin; Zhonglin Shi; Donghong Xiong; Yi Long. A Preliminary study on traditional level-trench method to prevent rill initiation in the Three Gorges region, China. Journal of Mountain Science 2011, 8, 876 -881.
AMA StyleDongchun Yan, Anbang Wen, He Xiubin, Zhonglin Shi, Donghong Xiong, Yi Long. A Preliminary study on traditional level-trench method to prevent rill initiation in the Three Gorges region, China. Journal of Mountain Science. 2011; 8 (6):876-881.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDongchun Yan; Anbang Wen; He Xiubin; Zhonglin Shi; Donghong Xiong; Yi Long. 2011. "A Preliminary study on traditional level-trench method to prevent rill initiation in the Three Gorges region, China." Journal of Mountain Science 8, no. 6: 876-881.
Highlights ► The soil redistribution associated with a heavy rainfall was estimated using 7 Be measurements. ► Estimation of soil losses from 7 Be are comparable with the monitoring data provided by erosion pins and runoff plots. ► The potential for using 7 Be measurements to quantify short-term erosion rates in purple soil areas was demonstrated.
Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Xinbao Zhang; Dongchun Yan. Comparison of the soil losses from 7Be measurements and the monitoring data by erosion pins and runoff plots in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China. Applied Radiation and Isotopes 2011, 69, 1343 -1348.
AMA StyleZhonglin Shi, Anbang Wen, Xinbao Zhang, Dongchun Yan. Comparison of the soil losses from 7Be measurements and the monitoring data by erosion pins and runoff plots in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China. Applied Radiation and Isotopes. 2011; 69 (10):1343-1348.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Xinbao Zhang; Dongchun Yan. 2011. "Comparison of the soil losses from 7Be measurements and the monitoring data by erosion pins and runoff plots in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 69, no. 10: 1343-1348.
The deposition flux of 7Be was measured in the range from 0.4 to 5.2 Bq m−2 d−1, with a mean value of 2.6 Bq m−2 d−1, during the period of May 31, 2009–May 31, 2010 in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China. The low annual deposition flux of 7Be was probably due to the adsorption of 7Be within high altitude clouds and the Qinling-Daba Mountain’s barrier and blocking effects on the cold air during winter months. There was a seasonal trend for 7Be deposition, showing a spring maximum and winter minimum, which may be attributed to the seasonal folding of tropopause in spring and little rainfall amount in winter. A strong positive correlation (R 2 = 0.67) between 7Be deposition flux and rainfall was observed. The depth distribution of 7Be in undisturbed purple soil profiles suggested that the nuclide was mainly distributed within the top 20.0 kg m−2 (~1.5 cm) of soil in depth and the maximum concentration occurred at a depth of 3.0 kg m−2 (~0.2 cm), then the concentration declined quickly and exponentially with depth. The seasonal inventories of 7Be in soils were consistent with the values calculated from the atmospheric fluxes, which shows a great potential for using 7Be as a tracer to assess soil redistribution in purple soil areas of China.
Zhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Dongchun Yan; Xinbao Zhang; Li Ju. Temporal variation of 7Be fallout and its inventory in purple soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 2011, 288, 671 -676.
AMA StyleZhonglin Shi, Anbang Wen, Dongchun Yan, Xinbao Zhang, Li Ju. Temporal variation of 7Be fallout and its inventory in purple soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 2011; 288 (3):671-676.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhonglin Shi; Anbang Wen; Dongchun Yan; Xinbao Zhang; Li Ju. 2011. "Temporal variation of 7Be fallout and its inventory in purple soil in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, China." Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 288, no. 3: 671-676.