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Ranjith P. Udawatta
School of Natural Resources Univ. of Missouri‐Columbia 302 Anheuser‐Busch Natural Resources Building Columbia MO 65211 USA

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Article
Published: 20 March 2021 in Agroforestry Systems
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ACS Style

Salah M. Alagele; Shibu Jose; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta. Hydraulic lift: processes, methods, and practical implications for society. Agroforestry Systems 2021, 95, 641 -657.

AMA Style

Salah M. Alagele, Shibu Jose, Stephen H. Anderson, Ranjith P. Udawatta. Hydraulic lift: processes, methods, and practical implications for society. Agroforestry Systems. 2021; 95 (4):641-657.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salah M. Alagele; Shibu Jose; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta. 2021. "Hydraulic lift: processes, methods, and practical implications for society." Agroforestry Systems 95, no. 4: 641-657.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2021 in Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment
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Lalith M. Rankoth; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Stephen H. Anderson; Clark J. Gantzer; Salah Alagele. Cover crop influence on soil water dynamics for a corn–soybean rotation. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 2021, 4, 1 .

AMA Style

Lalith M. Rankoth, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Stephen H. Anderson, Clark J. Gantzer, Salah Alagele. Cover crop influence on soil water dynamics for a corn–soybean rotation. Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment. 2021; 4 (3):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lalith M. Rankoth; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Stephen H. Anderson; Clark J. Gantzer; Salah Alagele. 2021. "Cover crop influence on soil water dynamics for a corn–soybean rotation." Agrosystems, Geosciences & Environment 4, no. 3: 1.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Agriculture
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Perennial biofuel crops help to reduce both dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions while utilizing nutrients more efficiently compared to annual crops. In addition, perennial crops grown for biofuels have the potential to produce high biomass yields, are capable of increased carbon sequestration, and are beneficial for reducing soil erosion. Various monocultures and mixtures of perennial grasses and forbs can be established to achieve these benefits. The objective of this study was to quantify the effects of feedstock mixture and cutting height on yields. The base feedstock treatments included a monoculture of switchgrass (SG) and a switchgrass:big bluestem 1:1 mixture (SGBBS). Other treatments included mixtures of the base feedstock with ratios of base to native forbs plus legumes of 100:0, 80:20, 60:40, and 20:80. The study was established in 2008. Biomass crops typically require 2 to 3 years to produce a uniform stand. Therefore, harvest data were collected from July 2010 to July 2013. Three harvest times were selected to represent (1) biomass for biofuel (March), (2) forage (July), and (3) forage and biomass (October). Annual mean yields varied between 4.97 Mg ha−1 in 2010 to 5.56 Mg ha−1 in 2011. However, the lowest yield of 2.82 Mg ha−1 in March and the highest yield of 7.18 Mg ha−1 in July were harvested in 2013. The mean yield was 5.21 Mg ha−1 during the 4 year study. The effect of species mixture was not significant on yield. The cutting height was significant (p < 0.001), with greater yield for the 15 cm compared to the 30 cm cutting height. Yield differences were larger between harvest times during the early phase of the study. Yield difference within a harvest time was not significant for 3 of the 10 harvests. Future studies should examine changes in biomass production for mixture composition with time for selection of optimal regional specific species mixtures.

ACS Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Timothy M. Reinbott; Ray L. Wright; Robert A. Pierce Robert; Walter Wehtje. Influence of Species Composition and Management on Biomass Production in Missouri. Agriculture 2020, 10, 75 .

AMA Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta, Clark J. Gantzer, Timothy M. Reinbott, Ray L. Wright, Robert A. Pierce Robert, Walter Wehtje. Influence of Species Composition and Management on Biomass Production in Missouri. Agriculture. 2020; 10 (3):75.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Timothy M. Reinbott; Ray L. Wright; Robert A. Pierce Robert; Walter Wehtje. 2020. "Influence of Species Composition and Management on Biomass Production in Missouri." Agriculture 10, no. 3: 75.

Article
Published: 01 January 2020 in Agronomy Journal
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Sustainable vegetative management plays a significant role in improving soil quality in degraded agricultural landscapes by enhancing soil microbial biomass. This study investigated the effects of grass buffers (GBs), biomass crops (BCs), grass waterways (GWWs), and agroforestry buffers (ABs) on soil microbial biomass and soil organic C (SOC) compared with continuous with corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation (row crop [RC]) on claypan soils. The RC, AB, GB, GWW, and BC treatments were established in 1991, 1997, 1997, 1997, and 2012, respectively, and are located at Greenley Memorial Research Center in Missouri. Soil samples were collected in May 2018 from the 0‐ to 10‐cm depth at summit, backslope, and footslope landscape positions. Within AB treatment, soils were collected from the 50‐cm and 150‐cm tree distance. Total microbial biomass and biomass of gram‐positive bacteria, gram‐negative bacteria, actinomycetes, rhizobia, fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizae, saprophytes, and protozoa were determined by phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Results showed that soil microbial biomass and SOC across all microbial groups were significantly higher (P < .01) under perennial vegetation treatments compared with RC. The footslope position exhibited the highest total microbial biomass compared with the summit and backslope positions. The sampling distance of 50 cm from the tree base demonstrated 16% greater total microbial biomass and 15% higher SOC compared with 150 cm. These findings highlight the influence of landscape on soil biological properties and show that perennial vegetation systems have the potential to increase soil microbial biomass and enhance agricultural sustainability in degraded RC systems.

ACS Style

Salah M. Alagele; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Kristen S. Veum; Lalith M. Rankoth. Long‐term perennial management and cropping effects on soil microbial biomass for claypan watersheds. Agronomy Journal 2020, 112, 815 -827.

AMA Style

Salah M. Alagele, Stephen H. Anderson, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Kristen S. Veum, Lalith M. Rankoth. Long‐term perennial management and cropping effects on soil microbial biomass for claypan watersheds. Agronomy Journal. 2020; 112 (2):815-827.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salah M. Alagele; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Kristen S. Veum; Lalith M. Rankoth. 2020. "Long‐term perennial management and cropping effects on soil microbial biomass for claypan watersheds." Agronomy Journal 112, no. 2: 815-827.

Soil and water management and conservation
Published: 27 December 2019 in Soil Science Society of America Journal
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Soil water use and water storage vary by vegetative management practices, and these practices affect land productivity and hydrologic processes. This study investigated the effects of agroforestry buffers (AB), grass buffers (GB), and biofuel crops (BC), relative to row crops (RC) on soil water use for a claypan soil in northern Missouri, USA. The experiment located at the Greenley Memorial Research Center included RC, AB, GB, and BC established in 1991, 1997, 1997, and 2012, respectively. Soil water reflectometer sensors installed at 5‐, 10‐, 20‐, and 40‐cm depths monitored soil water from April to November in 2017 and 2018. Results showed significant differences in weekly volumetric water content (VWC) among treatments for all four soil depths in 2017 and 2018. Treatments of AB, GB, and BC had lower VWC (16, 37, and 18% on 9 June), (31, 35, and 20% on 18 August), and (43, 49, and 35% on 29 September) in 2017 and (46, 70, and 19% on 24 August) and (31, 34, and 17% on 5 October) in 2018, respectively, in the pre‐recharge periods for the 5‐cm depth compared with the RC. In the post‐recharge period, equal or occasionally slightly higher soil water occurred in the buffer and biofuel treatments compared to the RC. During recharge, larger increases in soil water due to better infiltration were observed in the perennial vegetative practices relative to RC. The results showed that these practices could significantly influence soil water use and storage compared to RC management, especially for eroded claypan landscapes.

ACS Style

Salah M. Alagele; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta. Agroforestry, grass, biofuel crop, and row‐crop management effects on soil water dynamics for claypan landscapes. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2019, 84, 203 -219.

AMA Style

Salah M. Alagele, Stephen H. Anderson, Ranjith P. Udawatta. Agroforestry, grass, biofuel crop, and row‐crop management effects on soil water dynamics for claypan landscapes. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2019; 84 (1):203-219.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Salah M. Alagele; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta. 2019. "Agroforestry, grass, biofuel crop, and row‐crop management effects on soil water dynamics for claypan landscapes." Soil Science Society of America Journal 84, no. 1: 203-219.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2019 in Agriculture
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Cover crops (CC) improve soil quality, including soil microbial enzymatic activities and soil chemical parameters. Scientific studies conducted in research centers have shown positive effects of CC on soil enzymatic activities; however, studies conducted in farmer fields are lacking in the literature. The objective of this study was to quantify CC effects on soil microbial enzymatic activities (β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, fluorescein diacetate hydrolase, and dehydrogenase) under a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation. The study was conducted in 2016 and 2018 in Chariton County, Missouri, where CC were first established in 2012. All tested soil enzyme levels were significantly different between 2016 and 2018, irrespective of CC and no cover crop (NCC) treatments. In CC treatment, β-glucosaminidase activity was significantly greater at 0–10 cm depth in 2016 and at 10–20 and 20–30 cm in 2018. In contrast, dehydrogenase activity was significantly greater in NCC in 2018. Soil pH and organic matter (OM) content were found to be significantly greater in CC. Overall, CC have mixed effects on soil enzyme activities and positive effects on soil OM compared to NCC. This study highlights the short-term influence of CC and illustrates the high spatial and temporal variability of soil enzymes under farmer-managed fields.

ACS Style

Lalith M. Rankoth; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Kristen S. Veum; Shibu Jose; Salah Alagele. Cover Crop Influence on Soil Enzymes and Selected Chemical Parameters for a Claypan Corn–Soybean Rotation. Agriculture 2019, 9, 125 .

AMA Style

Lalith M. Rankoth, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Kristen S. Veum, Shibu Jose, Salah Alagele. Cover Crop Influence on Soil Enzymes and Selected Chemical Parameters for a Claypan Corn–Soybean Rotation. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (6):125.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lalith M. Rankoth; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Kristen S. Veum; Shibu Jose; Salah Alagele. 2019. "Cover Crop Influence on Soil Enzymes and Selected Chemical Parameters for a Claypan Corn–Soybean Rotation." Agriculture 9, no. 6: 125.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2019 in Sustainability
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Declining biodiversity (BD) is aecting food security, agricultural sustainability, and environmental quality. Agroforestry (AF) is recognized as a possible partial solution for BD conservation and improvement. This manuscript uses published peer-reviewed manuscripts, reviews, meta-analysis, and federal and state agency documents to evaluate relationships between AF and BD and how AF can be used to conserve BD. The review revealed that floral, faunal, and soil microbial diversity were significantly greater in AF as compared to monocropping, adjacent crop lands, and within crop alleys and some forests. Among the soil organisms, arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF), bacteria, and enzyme activities were significantly greater in AF than crop and livestock practices. Agroforestry also creates spatially concentrated high-density BD near trees due to favorable soil-plant-water-microclimate conditions. The greater BD was attributed to heterogeneous vegetation, organic carbon, microclimate, soil conditions, and spatial distribution of trees. Dierences in BD between AF and other management types diminished with time. Evenly distributed leaves, litter, roots, dead/live biological material, and microclimate improve soil and microclimate in adjacent crop and pasture areas as the system matures. Results of the study prove that integration of AF can improve BD in agricultural lands. Selection of site suitable tree/shrub/grass-crop combinations can be used to help address soil nutrient deficiencies or environmental conditions. Future studies with standardized management protocols may be needed for all regions to further strengthen these findings and to develop AF establishment criteria for BD conservation and agricultural sustainability.

ACS Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Lalith Rankoth; Shibu Jose. Agroforestry and Biodiversity. Sustainability 2019, 11, 2879 .

AMA Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta, Lalith Rankoth, Shibu Jose. Agroforestry and Biodiversity. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (10):2879.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Lalith Rankoth; Shibu Jose. 2019. "Agroforestry and Biodiversity." Sustainability 11, no. 10: 2879.

Journal article
Published: 24 April 2019 in Agriculture
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In the United States, agricultural production using row-crop farming has reduced crop diversity. Repeated growing of the same crop in a field reduces soil productivity and increases pests, disease infestations, and weed growth. These negative effects can be mitigated by rotating cash crops with cover crops. Cover crops can improve soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties, provide ground cover, and sequester soil carbon. This study examines the economic profitability for a four-year wheat–corn–soybean study with cover crops by conducting a field experiment involving a control (without cover crops) at the Soil Health Farm in Chariton County, MO, USA. Our findings suggested that economic profitability of the cash crop is negatively affected by the cover crop during the first two years but were positive in the fourth year. The rotation with cover crops obtained the same profit as in the control group if revenue from the cash crop increased by 35% or the cost of the cover crop decreased by 26% in the first year, depending on the cost of seeding the cover crop and terminating it. This study provides insights for policymakers on ways to improve the economic efficiency of cost-share conservation programs.

ACS Style

Zhen Cai; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Shibu Jose; Larry Godsey; Lauren Cartwright. Economic Impacts of Cover Crops for a Missouri Wheat–Corn–Soybean Rotation. Agriculture 2019, 9, 83 .

AMA Style

Zhen Cai, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Clark J. Gantzer, Shibu Jose, Larry Godsey, Lauren Cartwright. Economic Impacts of Cover Crops for a Missouri Wheat–Corn–Soybean Rotation. Agriculture. 2019; 9 (4):83.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhen Cai; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Shibu Jose; Larry Godsey; Lauren Cartwright. 2019. "Economic Impacts of Cover Crops for a Missouri Wheat–Corn–Soybean Rotation." Agriculture 9, no. 4: 83.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2018 in Geoderma
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Melis Cercioglu; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Samuel Haruna. Effects of cover crop and biofuel crop management on computed tomography-measured pore parameters. Geoderma 2018, 319, 80 -88.

AMA Style

Melis Cercioglu, Stephen H. Anderson, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Samuel Haruna. Effects of cover crop and biofuel crop management on computed tomography-measured pore parameters. Geoderma. 2018; 319 ():80-88.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Melis Cercioglu; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Samuel Haruna. 2018. "Effects of cover crop and biofuel crop management on computed tomography-measured pore parameters." Geoderma 319, no. : 80-88.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in Transactions of the ASABE
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Watershed models offer cost-effective means to quantify the environmental benefits of conservation practices. This study evaluated the ability of the Agricultural Policy/Environmental eXtender (APEX) model to simulate the effectiveness of upland buffers for reducing event runoff, sediment, and total phosphorus (TP) loadings. The study used 16 years of monitoring data (1993-2008) from three field-scale row crop watersheds. Two watersheds had buffers installed in the fall of 1997, one with upland agroforestry buffers (grass plus trees) and the second with upland grass buffers; the third watershed was maintained as a control. Objectives were to (1) determine the effect of upland buffers on APEX parameters, (2) evaluate the ability of APEX to estimate upland buffer effectiveness, and (3) evaluate the impact of alternative buffer placement options on water quality outcomes. After modification of the APEX code to improve simulation of infiltration in the buffers, we successfully calibrated APEX for no-buffer and upland buffer conditions for event runoff and TP. However, calibrated parameters from the no-buffer model simulated buffer conditions poorly and resulted in an overestimation of buffer effectiveness. Buffer effectiveness estimated with upland buffer parameters was similar to that obtained from measured data. Scenario analysis indicated that a combination of backslope and footslope agroforestry buffers was more effective than contour placement for reducing average annual edge-of-field runoff and total P losses. These results highlight the complexity of using APEX to assess upland buffers as well as potential problems when using APEX to quantify the benefits of conservation practices not included in the calibration dataset. Keywords: Agroforestry buffers, Buffer placement, Modeling, Phosphorus, Practice effectiveness, Watershed discretization.

ACS Style

G. M. M. M. Anomaa Senaviratne; Claire Baffaut; John A. Lory; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Nathan O. Nelson; Jimmy R. Williams; Stephen H. Anderson. Improved APEX Model Simulation of Buffer Water Quality Benefits at Field Scale. Transactions of the ASABE 2018, 61, 603 -616.

AMA Style

G. M. M. M. Anomaa Senaviratne, Claire Baffaut, John A. Lory, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Nathan O. Nelson, Jimmy R. Williams, Stephen H. Anderson. Improved APEX Model Simulation of Buffer Water Quality Benefits at Field Scale. Transactions of the ASABE. 2018; 61 (2):603-616.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G. M. M. M. Anomaa Senaviratne; Claire Baffaut; John A. Lory; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Nathan O. Nelson; Jimmy R. Williams; Stephen H. Anderson. 2018. "Improved APEX Model Simulation of Buffer Water Quality Benefits at Field Scale." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 2: 603-616.

Original articles
Published: 25 September 2017 in Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
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Cover crops improve soil quality properties and thus land productivity. We compared soil chemical and biological changes influenced by hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth.) and cereal rye (Secale cereal) cover crops grown in Menfro silt loam (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs), Mexico silt loam (fine, smectitic, mesic Vertic Epiaqualfs), or sand in the greenhouse. Cover crop biomass, soil β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, and fluorescein diacetate (FDA) hydrolase activities, and soil chemical properties were measured at six, nine, and twelve weeks after planting. Cover crop biomass increased with highest (p < 0.0001) yields for hairy vetch and cereal rye in Menfro and Mexico soils, respectively. β-glucosaminidase, FDA, organic carbon (C), total nitrogen (N), and total phosphorus (P) contents significantly decreased in all soils for both cover crops. However, β-glucosidase activity significantly increased (p < 0.0001). Long-term field studies are needed to evaluate soil quality improvement under cover crops, especially for soils with marginal organic matter and fertility.

ACS Style

Chathuri S Weerasekara; Ranjith P Udawatta; Clark J Gantzer; Robert J Kremer; Shibu Jose; Kristen S Veum. Effects of Cover Crops on Soil Quality: Selected Chemical and Biological Parameters. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2017, 48, 2074 -2082.

AMA Style

Chathuri S Weerasekara, Ranjith P Udawatta, Clark J Gantzer, Robert J Kremer, Shibu Jose, Kristen S Veum. Effects of Cover Crops on Soil Quality: Selected Chemical and Biological Parameters. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2017; 48 (17):2074-2082.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chathuri S Weerasekara; Ranjith P Udawatta; Clark J Gantzer; Robert J Kremer; Shibu Jose; Kristen S Veum. 2017. "Effects of Cover Crops on Soil Quality: Selected Chemical and Biological Parameters." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 48, no. 17: 2074-2082.

Article
Published: 17 September 2016 in Agroforestry Systems
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The vision of the first Agroforestry Conference held in Guelph, Canada was “to provide a forum within which people working in temperate North America agroforestry systems could interact and exchange idea”. Agroforestry research has progressed considerably over the last 25 years. The wealth of information generated over the years has helped understand the role that agroforestry can play to achieve production, environmental, economical, and social benefits of adoption of the practice. The aim is to further strengthen our understanding of how temperate agroforestry can be deployed in the landscape as a tool towards sustainable farm management practice. Seventeen manuscripts in this special issue from oral and poster presentations of the 14th North American Agroforestry Conference addressed a wide range of agroforestry topics from promoting agroforestry adoption, production, and marketing; to understanding agroforestry’s role in impacting soil, water quality, climate change mitigation, and species diversity.

ACS Style

Diomy Zamora; Ranjith P. Udawatta. Agroforestry as a catalyst for on-farm conservation and diversification. Agroforestry Systems 2016, 90, 711 -714.

AMA Style

Diomy Zamora, Ranjith P. Udawatta. Agroforestry as a catalyst for on-farm conservation and diversification. Agroforestry Systems. 2016; 90 (5):711-714.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Diomy Zamora; Ranjith P. Udawatta. 2016. "Agroforestry as a catalyst for on-farm conservation and diversification." Agroforestry Systems 90, no. 5: 711-714.

Technical article
Published: 01 August 2016 in Soil Science
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Agroforestry and grass buffers have been developed as part of the management system for row crop areas in temperate regions to improve soil and water quality and diversify farm income. A study was conducted to evaluate the influence of agroforestry and grass buffers relative to row crop management on soil hydraulic properties (saturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water retention, and pore size distribution) for a claypan soil. The experimental watersheds for this project were located at the Greenley Memorial Research Center. The paired watersheds for the study area were under no-till management with a corn (Zea mays L.)–soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation since 1991. The agroforestry buffer watershed and grass buffer watershed had vegetative buffer strips planted between row crop areas, which were 4.5 m wide and 36.5 m apart with vegetation composed of grasses, legumes, and trees. Throughout the grass buffer and agroforestry buffer strips, redtop (Agrostis gigantea Roth), brome grass (Bromus spp.), and birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) were planted. For the agroforestry buffers, pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh), swamp white oak (Quercus bicolar Willd.), and bur oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) trees were planted. Soil cores were taken from four 10-cm depth increments with 6 replicates, and hydraulic and physical properties were determined. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were found among the treatments for bulk density, with the row crop treatment having higher values compared with the buffer treatments. Trends also showed higher saturated hydraulic conductivity for the agroforestry buffer treatment compared with the row crop treatment for the 0 to 10 cm and 30 to 40 cm soil depths. These buffer treatments slightly improved soil hydraulic properties after 17 years for this claypan soil.

ACS Style

Eda Akdemir; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta. Influence of Agroforestry Buffers on Soil Hydraulic Properties Relative to Row Crop Management. Soil Science 2016, 181, 368 -376.

AMA Style

Eda Akdemir, Stephen H. Anderson, Ranjith P. Udawatta. Influence of Agroforestry Buffers on Soil Hydraulic Properties Relative to Row Crop Management. Soil Science. 2016; 181 (8):368-376.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Eda Akdemir; Stephen H. Anderson; Ranjith P. Udawatta. 2016. "Influence of Agroforestry Buffers on Soil Hydraulic Properties Relative to Row Crop Management." Soil Science 181, no. 8: 368-376.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2016 in SOIL
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Soil compaction degrades soil structure and affects water, heat, and gas exchange as well as root penetration and crop production. The objective of this study was to use X-ray computed microtomography (CMT) techniques to compare differences in geometrical soil pore parameters as influenced by compaction of two different aggregate size classes. Sieved (diameter < 2 mm and < 0.5 mm) and repacked (1.51 and 1.72 Mg m−3) Hamra soil cores of 5 by 5 mm (average porosities were 0.44 and 0.35) were imaged at 9.6 μm resolution at the Argonne Advanced Photon Source (synchrotron facility) using X-ray CMT. Images of 58.9 mm3 volume were analyzed using 3-Dimensional Medial Axis (3-DMA) software. Geometrical characteristics of the spatial distributions of pore structures (pore radii, volume, connectivity, path length, and tortuosity) were numerically investigated. Results show that the coordination number (CN) distribution and path length (PL) measured from the medial axis were reasonably fit by exponential relationships P(CN) = 10−CN∕Co and P(PL) = 10−PL∕PLo, respectively, where Co and PLo are the corresponding characteristic constants. Compaction reduced porosity, average pore size, number of pores, and characteristic constants. The average pore radii (63.7 and 61 µm; p < 0.04), largest pore volume (1.58 and 0.58 mm3; p = 0.06), number of pores (55 and 50; p = 0.09), and characteristic coordination number (3.74 and 3.94; p = 0.02) were significantly different between the low-density than the high-density treatment. Aggregate size also influenced measured geometrical pore parameters. This analytical technique provides a tool for assessing changes in soil pores that affect hydraulic properties and thereby provides information to assist in assessment of soil management systems.

ACS Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Stephen H. Anderson; Shmuel Assouline. Synchrotron microtomographic quantification of geometrical soil pore characteristics affected by compaction. SOIL 2016, 2, 211 -220.

AMA Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta, Clark J. Gantzer, Stephen H. Anderson, Shmuel Assouline. Synchrotron microtomographic quantification of geometrical soil pore characteristics affected by compaction. SOIL. 2016; 2 (2):211-220.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Stephen H. Anderson; Shmuel Assouline. 2016. "Synchrotron microtomographic quantification of geometrical soil pore characteristics affected by compaction." SOIL 2, no. 2: 211-220.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2016 in Agronomy Journal
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ACS Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Timothy M. Reinbott; Ray L. Wright; Robert A. Pierce. Yield Differences Influenced by Distance from Riparian Buffers and Conservation Reserve Program. Agronomy Journal 2016, 108, 647 -655.

AMA Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta, Clark J. Gantzer, Timothy M. Reinbott, Ray L. Wright, Robert A. Pierce. Yield Differences Influenced by Distance from Riparian Buffers and Conservation Reserve Program. Agronomy Journal. 2016; 108 (2):647-655.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Timothy M. Reinbott; Ray L. Wright; Robert A. Pierce. 2016. "Yield Differences Influenced by Distance from Riparian Buffers and Conservation Reserve Program." Agronomy Journal 108, no. 2: 647-655.

Book chapter
Published: 26 October 2015 in SSSA Special Publications
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ACS Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Stephen H. Anderson; Clark J. Gantzer; Shmuel Assouline. Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Earth Materials with Varying Resolutions. SSSA Special Publications 2015, 97 -112.

AMA Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta, Stephen H. Anderson, Clark J. Gantzer, Shmuel Assouline. Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Earth Materials with Varying Resolutions. SSSA Special Publications. 2015; ():97-112.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Stephen H. Anderson; Clark J. Gantzer; Shmuel Assouline. 2015. "Computed Tomographic Evaluation of Earth Materials with Varying Resolutions." SSSA Special Publications , no. : 97-112.

Preprint content
Published: 31 July 2015 in SOIL Discussions
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Soil compaction degrades soil structure and affects water, heat, and gas exchange as well as root penetration and crop production. The objective of this study was to use X-ray computed microtomography (CMT) techniques to compare differences in geometrical soil pore parameters as influenced by compaction of two different aggregate size classes. Sieved (diam. < 2 mm and < 0.5 mm) and repacked (1.51 and 1.72 Mg m−3) Hamra soil cores of 5- by 5 mm (average porosities were 0.44 and 0.35) were imaged at 9.6-micrometer resolution at the Argonne Advanced Photon Source (synchrotron facility) using X-ray computed microtomography. Images of 58.9 mm3 volume were analyzed using 3-Dimensional Medial Axis (3DMA) software. Geometrical characteristics of the spatial distributions of pore structures (pore radii, volume, connectivity, path length, and tortuosity) were numerically investigated. Results show that the coordination number (CN) distribution and path length (PL) measured from the medial axis were reasonably fit by exponential relationships P(CN) = 10-CN/Co and P(PL) = 10-PL/PLo, respectively, where Co and PLo are the corresponding characteristic constants. Compaction reduced porosity, average pore size, number of pores, and characteristic constants. The average pore radii (63.7 and 61 μm; p < 0.04), largest pore volume (1.58 and 0.58 mm3; p = 0.06), number of pores (55 and 50; p = 0.09), characteristic coordination number (6.32 and 5.94; p = 0.09), and characteristic path length number (116 and 105; p = 0.001) were significantly greater in the low density than the high density treatment. Aggregate size also influenced measured geometrical pore parameters. This analytical technique provides a tool for assessing changes in soil pores that affect hydraulic properties and thereby provides information to assist in assessment of soil management systems.

ACS Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Stephen H. Anderson; Shmuel Assouline. Synchrotron microtomographic quantification of geometrical soil pore characteristics affected by compaction. SOIL Discussions 2015, 2, 211 -220.

AMA Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta, Clark J. Gantzer, Stephen H. Anderson, Shmuel Assouline. Synchrotron microtomographic quantification of geometrical soil pore characteristics affected by compaction. SOIL Discussions. 2015; 2 (2):211-220.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Clark J. Gantzer; Stephen H. Anderson; Shmuel Assouline. 2015. "Synchrotron microtomographic quantification of geometrical soil pore characteristics affected by compaction." SOIL Discussions 2, no. 2: 211-220.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2014 in Soil Science Society of America Journal
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ACS Style

Pradip Adhikari; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Stephen H. Anderson. Soil Thermal Properties under Prairies, Conservation Buffers, and Corn-Soybean Land Use Systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal 2014, 78, 1977 -1986.

AMA Style

Pradip Adhikari, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Stephen H. Anderson. Soil Thermal Properties under Prairies, Conservation Buffers, and Corn-Soybean Land Use Systems. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 2014; 78 (6):1977-1986.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pradip Adhikari; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Stephen H. Anderson. 2014. "Soil Thermal Properties under Prairies, Conservation Buffers, and Corn-Soybean Land Use Systems." Soil Science Society of America Journal 78, no. 6: 1977-1986.

Original articles
Published: 25 September 2014 in Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis
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Long-term effects of alley cropping on soils in the temperate zone are not widely known. Management, landscape, and soil depth effects on soil physical and biological properties were examined in a silver maple (Acer saccharinum L.) no-till corn (Zea mays L.)- soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation established in 1990 in northeast Missouri. Soils from crop alleys and tree rows were collected along transects traversing upper to lower landscape positions at three depths. Fluorescein diacetate hydrolase (FDA), β-glucosidase, β-glucosaminidase, and dehydrogenase activities were measured. Soil bulk density, aggregate stability, carbon (C), nitrogen N), and enzyme activities decreased with soil depth in alley and tree rows except for glucosaminidase. Soil physical and biological parameters did not differ significantly between alley and tree row. Landscape position effects were not significant for management or depth. Tree establishment improves soil quality in the crop alley as the system matures with improvements extended throughout the soil profile.

ACS Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Robert J. Kremer; Kelly A. Nelson; Shibu Jose; Sougata Bardhan. Soil Quality of a Mature Alley Cropping Agroforestry System in Temperate North America. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2014, 45, 2539 -2551.

AMA Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta, Robert J. Kremer, Kelly A. Nelson, Shibu Jose, Sougata Bardhan. Soil Quality of a Mature Alley Cropping Agroforestry System in Temperate North America. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 2014; 45 (19):2539-2551.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ranjith P. Udawatta; Robert J. Kremer; Kelly A. Nelson; Shibu Jose; Sougata Bardhan. 2014. "Soil Quality of a Mature Alley Cropping Agroforestry System in Temperate North America." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 45, no. 19: 2539-2551.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Journal of Hydrology
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G.M.M.M. Anomaa Senaviratne; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Stephen H. Anderson; Claire Baffaut; Allen Thompson. Use of Fuzzy rainfall–runoff predictions for claypan watersheds with conservation buffers in Northeast Missouri. Journal of Hydrology 2014, 517, 1008 -1018.

AMA Style

G.M.M.M. Anomaa Senaviratne, Ranjith P. Udawatta, Stephen H. Anderson, Claire Baffaut, Allen Thompson. Use of Fuzzy rainfall–runoff predictions for claypan watersheds with conservation buffers in Northeast Missouri. Journal of Hydrology. 2014; 517 ():1008-1018.

Chicago/Turabian Style

G.M.M.M. Anomaa Senaviratne; Ranjith P. Udawatta; Stephen H. Anderson; Claire Baffaut; Allen Thompson. 2014. "Use of Fuzzy rainfall–runoff predictions for claypan watersheds with conservation buffers in Northeast Missouri." Journal of Hydrology 517, no. : 1008-1018.