Together with vitamin C, zinc, selenium, manganese, and magnesium play a vital role in the preservation of organs scheduled for transplantation. In the present study, it is shown that addition of 1 mg/l of these elements influences the stability of 0.3 mM ascorbic acid solutions. The solution’s stability was estimated using an accelerated stability test. The concentration of vitamin C was measured using a validated spectrophotometric method, which uses the reduction of 2,6-dichlorophenoloindophenol by ascorbic acid. Elevated temperatures, the factor accelerating substances’ decomposition reaction rate, were used in the tests. The research was conducted at two temperatures at intervals of 10 °C: 80 ± 0.1 and 90 ± 0.1 °C. It was stated that the studied substances’ decomposition occurred in accordance with the equation for first-order reactions. The function of the logarithmic concentration (log%C) over time was revealed to be rectilinear. This dependence was used to determine the kinetics of decomposition reaction rate parameters. The stabilization of vitamin C solutions was measured as the time in which 10 % of the substance decomposed at 20 and 0 °C. Addition of Se(IV) or Mg(II) ions significantly increase the stability of ascorbic acid solution (∼34 and ∼16 %, respectively), but Zn(II) causes a significant decrease in stability by ∼23 %. Addition of Mn(II) has no significant influence on vitamin C stability.

Insulin loaded to the polymer network of hydrogels may affect the speed and the quality of wound healing in diabetic patients. The aim of our research was to develop a formulation of insulin that could be applied to the skin. We chose hydrogels commonly used for pharmaceutical compounding, which can provide a form of therapy available to every patient. We prepared different gel formulations using Carbopol^® Ultrez^TM 10, Carbopol^® Ultrez^TM 30, methyl cellulose, and glycerin ointment. The hormone concentration was 1 mg/g of the hydrogel. We assessed the influence of model hydrogels on the pharmaceutical availability of insulin in vitro, and we examined the rheological and the texture parameters of the prepared formulations. Based on spectroscopic methods, we evaluated the influence of model hydrogels on secondary and tertiary structures of insulin. The analysis of rheograms showed that hydrogels are typical of shear-thinning non-Newtonian thixotropic fluids. Insulin release from the formulations occurs in a prolonged manner, providing a longer duration of action of the hormone. The stability of insulin in hydrogels was confirmed. The presence of model hydrogel carriers affects the secondary and the tertiary structures of insulin. The obtained results indicate that hydrogels are promising carriers in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. The most effective treatment can be achieved with a methyl cellulose-based insulin preparation.

Maintaining proper homeostasis involving normal physiological level of extra- and intracellular solutions is one of the factors that determine restoring the life functions of a transplanted organ. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of the newly developed Biolasol(®) solution in kidney storage and to compare its protective effect to the standard HTK solution.

The quality of the drug, its purity and identification of degradation products provide the highest quality of pharmaceutical products. The energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) method analyses the percentage of each element form as well as their distribution, and morphological characteristics of the drug form. We analysed the usefulness of EDS method in testing orally disintegrating tablets (ODT) with trimetazidine hydrochloride with high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SUPRA25 Carl Zeiss company) with spectrophotometer equipped with an X-ray energy dispersion (EDAX Company). The samples of the analysed tablets were imaged after applying conductive layers of gold on their surface. In the EDS analysis the compositions of each sample of the obtained tablets were observed to be virtually identical. The differences in the content of carbon and oxygen came from differences in the composition of particular tablets. The presence of gold in the composition resulted from the sputtering the surface of tablets with gold during the analysis. Knowing the composition of the tablet, SEM-EDS method helps to locate and identify the impurities and degradation products of the compounds, leading to a better understanding of the mechanisms of their formation.

Organ injury during ischemia is one of the clinical problems of today's transplantation. It occurs during warm ischemia time (WIT) when the blood flow is cut off and during cold ischemia when a graft is chilled in situ until the circulation is restored to the recipient organism. Fast cooling of the organ slows metabolism and activates intracellular enzymes, which minimizes the effects of warm ischemia. Unfortunately, hypothermia also results in inhibition of ATP synthesis, cell swelling and intracellular acidity. That is why research is continually being conducted to develop new fluids for rinsing and storing organs as well as to optimize the composition of those that are already in use, which will allow for longer and more effective graft storage and restoration of its optimal functions after transplantation. The article provides current information on rinsing and storage fluids available on the global market. It also discusses the directions of fluid modification with hormones and micronutrients.