Background: Studies have reported the presence of sleep disorders in approximately 50-70% of diabetic patients, and these may contribute to poor glycemic control, diabetic neuropathy, and overnight hypoglycemia. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of sleep disorders in diabetic patients, and to investigate possible relationships between scores of these sleep disorders and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and diabetic parameters (fasting blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c], and lipid levels). Methods: We used the Berlin questionnaire (BQ) for OSAS, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to determine the frequency of sleep disorders and their possible relationships with fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and lipid levels. Results: The study included 585 type 2 diabetic patients admitted to family medicine clinics between October and December 2014. Sleep, sleep quality, and sleep scores were used as the dependent variables in the analysis. The ESS scores showed that 54.40% of patients experienced excessive daytime sleepiness, and according to the PSQI, 64.30% experienced poor-quality sleep. The BQ results indicated that 50.20% of patients were at high-risk of OSAS. HbA1c levels correlated significantly with the ESS and PSQI results (r = 0.23, P < 0.001 and r = 0.14, P = 0.001, respectively), and were significantly higher in those with high-risk of OSAS as defined by the BQ (P < 0.001). These results showed that HbA1c levels were related to sleep disorders. Conclusions: Sleep disorders are common in diabetic patients and negatively affect the control of diabetes. Conversely, poor diabetes control is an important factor disturbing sleep quality. Addressing sleep disturbances in patients who have difficulty controlling their blood glucose has dual benefits: Preventing diabetic complications caused by sleep disturbance and improving diabetes control.

Amaç: Yaşlanma; canlının olgunlaşma süreci tamamlandıktan sonra fizyolojik yedek kapasitelerinin giderek azaldığı, yıprandığı ve buna bağlı olarak yaşam fonksiyonlarının aksadığı bir süreci ifade eder. Yaşlanma, geri dönüşü olmayan bir şekilde fonksiyon ve yeterliliklerde kısıtlanmaya neden olur. Yaşlıların sağlık durumlarını değerlendirmenin en kolay yollarından biri, düşkünlüğü gösteren ve objektif veriler sağlayan fonksiyonel değerlendirmenin yapılmasıdır. Kronik hastalıklarda ve yaşlılarda tedavi ve prognozun değerlendirilmesinde kullanmak amacıyla 1963 yılında Katz ve arkadaşları tarafından Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri (GYA) İndeksi geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada amacımız; Katz Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçeği’nin Türkçe’ye uyarlanması ve güvenilirliğinin değerlendirilmesidir. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma; Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Klinik Uygulamalar ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği ve İç Hastalıkları Polikliniği’nde yürütüldü. Çalışmaya 173 yaşlı hasta dahil edildi. Örneklem hacminin belirlenmesinde, ölçekte yer alan soru sayısının en az 5-10 katı olması gereği dikkate alınarak hareket edildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 173 yaşlı dahil edilmiş olup, bunların 109' u kadın (%63), 64'ü erkekti (%37). Yaş ortalamaları 74,17±6,71 olarak saptandı( Kadınların yaş ortalaması 74,73±7,04 iken erkeklerin yaş ortalaması 73,21±6,05 ) idi. Çalışmaya dahil edilen tüm yaşlı hastaların ortalama Katz skoru 5,14±1,5 olarak hesaplandı. Yaşlı hastalardan %60’ı tamamen bağımsızken, %8,70’si ağır işlev bozukluğuna sahipti. Ölçeğin Cronbach Alpha katsayısı 0,83 olup bu değer ölçeğin güvenilir olduğunu gösterdi. Sonuç : Çalışmamız; Katz Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçeğinin Türkçe güvenilirliğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışmayla birlikte yaşlıların işlev bozukluklarının değerlendirilmesinde Katz İndeksinin kullanılabileceği kanaatindeyiz.

Objective: The main goal of chronic kidney disease (CKD) treatment is the prevention of progression of the disease and complications. Inappropriate drug use in patients with CKD is an important issue, which may cause adverse effects on patients and progression of chronic renal failure. The aim of this study is to find the rate of inappropriate drug use among CKD patients. Methods: The subjects of this study were selected from the patients with a CKD history of minimum one year, who did not receive renal replacement therapy. Patients were asked to provide a digital record of the drugs they used over the last one year. Individually, for each patient, the drugs that may be contraindicative and that require dose adjustment were identified based on glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Results: This study includes a total of 185 participants – 97 female (52.4%) and 88 male (47.6%) patients. The average age of patients was 60.50 ± 14.56. It was shown that 149 patients (80.5%) were using inappropriate drugs. Seventy (47.0%) were using one, 79 (53.0%) two, 30 (20/1%) three, and 9 (6.4%) four inappropriate drugs. Of CKD patients, 44.3% were aged 65 or over; and in this age group, inappropriate drug use was more frequent compared to the population below 65 (86.6% vs. 75.7%). The drugs used inappropriately were, respectively, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (65.8%), quinolone antibiotics (39.0%), ACE inhibitors (26.9%). Discussion: Health professionals are required to consider renal functions of all patients, mainly those aged over 65, when administering a treatment.

Aim. Our aim was to detect older patients who were prescribed inappropriate drugs according to START/STOPP criteria in primary care. Materials and Method. Patients aged over 65, admitted to health center no. 5 in Afyon, were included. The files of the subjects were surveyed retrospectively for the final one year in the digital environment, using the Family Medicine Information System. The files surveyed allowed us to list the drugs they used in the past year and to detect inappropriate drug use. Results. The number of patients that took part in this study was 325 (average age: 73.23 ± 6.44 years). We found that, among these participants, 48 patients (14.8%) were using drugs inappropriately according to STOPP criteria. Conclusion. Further focus on avoiding inappropriate drug use will allow clinicians and other health professionals to reduce side effects and other complications. In patients aged over 65, there is a need to attach particular importance to inappropriate drug use, drug interactions, and avoidance of side effects.

Aim. The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of asthma and asthma‐like symptoms in seasonal agricultural workers living in fields with toxic chemical exposure. Methods. European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of asthma and asthma‐like symptoms in the study. Results. Of the study group, 51.1% (267) were male and the age of the study group ranged from 18 to 88 years and the mean (SD) was 45.68 (13.39) years. The prevalence of asthma attacks in seasonal agricultural workers in the last one year (current prevalence) was 11.2%; the prevalence of asthma (cumulative prevalence) was 15.1%. In the study, smoking was found to be an important risk factor for current asthma. The prevalence of cumulative asthma was higher in seasonal agricultural workers with allergic rhinitis (p < 0.05 for each). Conclusions. Seasonal agricultural workers are exposed to the worst conditions of working groups. These difficult conditions also cause many health problems. Asthma has also been identified as an important health problem among seasonal agricultural workers.

Aim. The aim of this study is to detect the prevalence of substance use among tenth-grade students; their thoughts, attitudes, behaviors, and tendencies towards substance use; and risk factors of substance use in tenth-grade students in general. Methods. This study is descriptive and cross-sectional conducted between April and May 2016. Research population consists of tenth-grade students in 2015-2016 school year in the city of Ordu. Since the study involved all tenth-grade students, no sampling was done. Questions on substance use were prepared by Ordu Public Health Directorate and the authors by making use of European School Survey Project on Alcohol and Other Drugs (ESPAD) study questions, AMATEM’s “Drugs and Addiction Youth Survey” study conducted on May 1996, and scientific studies conducted previously on similar subjects. Results. 9825 tenth-grade students in 88 schools from 19 counties in the city of Ordu were included in the study. 8714 of the students participated in the survey. Being male, being over the age of 15, mother and father being separated, living with relatives, being in low income, negative feelings about school, perception of being unsuccessful in school, failing a year, absenteeism, and not being content with life are the risk factors for substance use. Conclusions. The tendency of illegal substance use becoming more and more prevalent especially among youth requires the development of new treatment strategies.