This study investigates the impact of customer relationship management (CRM) and company reputation on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction mediating the relation among small and medium-sized enterprises. Customer satisfaction is essential for company reputation and loyalty because a company’s reputation largely depends on customer satisfaction in turbulent markets. Therefore, the current study is conducted in the Pakistani context to examine the customer believes regarding the company reputation. Due to uncertainty in the Pakistani market, no company can go smoothly in this turbulent market. To achieve the main objective of the study, data were collected from registered firms operationalized in Islamabad and Rawalpindi and verified by the Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA). Structured questionnaires were employed and total 345 questionnaires were distributed among the top management and 217 responses were received. After excluding those responses which were missing and not correctly completed, the remaining 181 were used for final analysis. For hypothesis testing, AMOS was used. Hence, our findings suggest that customer relationship management and company reputation have a positive and significant impact on customer loyalty. Additionally, customer satisfaction partially mediates the relation among customer relationship management, company reputation and customer loyalty. Hence, this study offers some suggestions to policymakers and practitioners. They should build deep trust among the company’s staff, which will become a good source of company reputation. In addition, different steps such as advertising, public relations and marketing campaigns are significant in changing customer’s behaviors.

In the present era, women are recognized as successful entrepreneurs through their strong desire, qualities, and capabilities for robust economic development. Due to such an important contribution of women in economic development, we propose to investigate the factors which affect women entrepreneur’s success in Pakistan. Data were collected through structured questionnaires from 181 registered SMEs operating in Pakistan. A conceptual model is developed, while SPSS and AMOS software’s are used for analysis. The results indicate that the internal factors including the need for achievements, risk-taking, and self-confidence and external factors including economic factors and socio-cultural factors have a positive and significant influence on the success of women-owned enterprises. This research recommends Small and Medium Enterprises Development Authority (SMEDA), policymakers, and practitioners to encourage women entrepreneurs to run their businesses for the long term by providing a variety of incentives and supports related to those internal and external factors. Numerous studies have been conducted to test the different factors’ effects on women’s entrepreneurial success, but our study investigated some psychological, cultural, and religious factors that are still almost untouched especially in Pakistan. The current study also contributes to the existing literature through empirical shreds of evidence.

Purpose: The underlining study’s main objective is to examine how networking structure (density and centrality) affects sustainable competitive performance in Pakistan’s SMEs.Design/methodology/approach: Hence, small enterprises a significant source of economic development, employment, and value creation. Therefore, on the base of previous literature, we developed hypothesis related government financial support and network structure, and data collected through structured questionnaires from top management of SMEs.Findings: The results indicate that density has a positive and significant effect on sustainable competitive performance, while centrality has an insignificant impact on SCP. Furthermore, government financial support strongly and significantly supports the relation between networking structure and SCP in Pakistan.Practical implications: This research has several recommendations for the government to adequately support small enterprises because owners have a networking system at the local and international level but have a lack of environment.Originality/value: Government plays a crucial role in small- and medium-sized enterprises boost performance and economic growth because it creates employment opportunities, poverty reduction, and economic development. Nevertheless, from the last decades, due to some organizational policies and environmental flexibility, SMEs face a lot of challenges which became a barrier such as lack of government subsidies, incentives, and taxes in emerging economies. To bridge the above challenges of SMEs, the current study is conducted because before this there was no such literature who underline the current challenges in emerging economies.

Purpose: As a result, the current study attempted to investigate the impact of green human resource (GHR) practices on long-term performance, and the path has been explained through organizational identification, which is supported by social identity theory.Design/methodology/approach: To achieve the present study's primary goal, data were obtained from manufacturing businesses and analyzed using partial least square (Smart PLS) on the data of 284 Pakistani small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) registered with the small and medium-sized enterprises development authority (SMEDA).Findings: As a result, the findings show that organizational identification explains the indirect relationship between sustainable performance and green human resource management (GHRM).Practical implications: To limit the limited negative effect on the environment and society, the findings provide several suggestions for the government authorities and policymakers to adopt green practices and policies.Originality/value: Green practices are essential for a company to limit its negative environmental effect. Environmental critical problems among shareholders put pressure on the firm to implement GHR practices and organizational identification with long-term success.

Purpose: This study examines whether financial development affects entrepreneurship, and how financial openness moderate this relationship.Design/methodology/approach: The study employs panel data consisting of 781 country-year observations of 48 countries of Asia for the period 2001–2018.Findings: The study provides empirical support for the eclectic theory of entrepreneurship in Asian countries. The findings of the study indicate that effective allocation of resources and ease of transactions increases the entrepreneurial activities in the country. Additionally, the less stringent regulations, allowing for the cross border transactions, increase the funds availability to the entrepreneurs which in turn increase innovation and establishment of new businesses.Research limitations/implications: The study only considered the moderating influence of financial openness on the nexus. Other indicators such as governance quality and political stability could also have significant impact on entrepreneurship. Further, our study was based on countries belonging to Asian continent. Since Asian continent has culture distinguished from other regions, therefore, the results cannot be generalized to the other continents.Practical implications: The study’s results provide insight to policymakers and regulators that in order to increase the entrepreneurial activities, the financial sector improvement is of paramount importance. The regulators should focus on well-functioning financial system and availability of capital to improve the investor's confidence and boost economic activities.Originality/value: The study provides novel evidence on the effects of financial development on entrepreneurship and moderating influence of financial openness in the context of the entire Asian region, which is yet an unexplored area. This paper offers a fresh contribution in this area.