Researchers are concentrating on discovering reducing treatments for bacterial infections due to the worrisome and quick rise of drug-resistant microbial-related illnesses. Metallic ion doping and co-doping mesoporous bioactive glass (MBG) can defend against drug-resistant pathogens of Escherichia coli (E. coli) infection of wounds and solve the issues of bone deformities. In this study, un-doped MBG, silver-doped MBG (Ag-doped MBG), cerium-doped MBG (Ce-doped MBG), and silver–cerium co-doped MBG (Ag-Ce co-doped MBG) have been successfully synthesized via the spray pyrolysis method. In addition, various characterization techniques, including X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and nitrogen adsorption–desorption, were used to investigate the phase compositions, surface morphologies, chemical compositions, inner structure morphologies, chemical bonds/functional groups, and specific surface areas, respectively. The antibacterial efficacy against E. coli was assessed using the colony count technique. All types of MBG with Ag, Ce, and Ag-Ce were effective against E. coli. Furthermore, when immersed in simulated body fluid, the MBGs formed hydroxyapatite and could be used to improve bone defects. Only 5.75 mol% Ag-doped MBG showed toxicity in the MTT assay test. According to our analysis, the 80S-Ag-Ce-MBG was the first Ag-Ce co-doped MBG.

An apatite-wollastonite glass ceramic (AWGC) has been recognized as one of the popular bioactive materials due to its good osteoconductivity and high mechanical properties in the field of tissue engineering. Various processes have been developed to fabricate AWGCs. Among them, the sol-gel process is one of the most popular processes. However, sol-gel has the drawbacks of discontinuous processing and long processing time, making it unsuitable for mass production. This study demonstrates a successful synthesis of AWGCs using a spray pyrolysis method to overcome these drawbacks, and the prepared pellets were sintered at temperatures of 700, 800, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C for four hours. In addition, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy were used to obtain the phase composition, morphology, and chemical information of AWGCs. For bioactive measurements, among these AWGC samples, the 1100 °C sintered sample reveals the highest bioactivity. The MTT result indicates that all AWGCs are not non-toxic to the MC3T3-E1 cells and increase the growth rate of MC3T3-E1 cells.

The development of a collagen-based composite scaffold to repair damaged bone is one of many important issues in tissue engineering. In this study, pure collagen, collagen/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), collagen/calcium silicate (CS), and collagen/β-TCP/CS scaffolds were fabricated using the freeze-drying method. The phase compositions, microstructures, and mechanical properties were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and a universal testing machine, respectively. In addition, cell viability was evaluated using an MTT assay. Finally, the correlations between the density, mechanical properties, and biodegradation behaviors of pore size distributions were discussed.