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Bituminous sub-ballast is considered as an appropriate solution for increasing the structural performance and durability of railway sub-structure. This is especially prominent due to the continuous development of trains, which are capable of circulating at ever faster speeds and transporting evermore freight. Thus, the base infrastructure for trains must also evolve both structurally and sustainably. In this sense, the use of high modulus asphalt mixtures can increase the bearing capacity of the structure, while with the addition of modified bitumen during manufacture could present a promising potential for the improvement of the structural performance and durability of the infrastructure. Therefore, this study focused on assessing the viability and potential benefits of using a high-performance asphalt mixture, manufactured with a highly rubberized low-penetration bitumen, for sub-ballast in railway tracks. To achieve this aim, the behaviour of the high-performance asphalt mixture was compared to a reference asphalt mixture, manufactured with conventional bitumen, which is typically used as bituminous sub-ballast. A series of standard laboratory tests were carried out for both mixtures, as well as two innovative tests to better assess the main failure modes expected in railway applications. In addition, a cost analysis evaluated the economic impact of the high-performance asphalt mixture in comparison with the conventional solution. Results demonstrated that the proposed mixture presented a higher bearing capacity than the conventional bituminous sub-ballast, while reducing around 50% the permanent deformations and susceptibility to cracking under similar efforts. These results indicate that the layer thickness of the modified mixture could thus be reduced by half, and still offer similar mechanical performance to the conventional mixture. In turn, this would provide a potential economic saving higher than 30%, compared to the conventional standard solution for sub-ballast.
Juan Manuel Castillo-Mingorance; Miguel Sol-Sánchez; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Vicente Pérez; María Del Carmen Rubio-Gámez. High performance bituminous sub-ballast for improving the structural behaviour and durability of railway track substructure. Materials and Structures 2021, 54, 1 -15.
AMA StyleJuan Manuel Castillo-Mingorance, Miguel Sol-Sánchez, Fernando Moreno-Navarro, Vicente Pérez, María Del Carmen Rubio-Gámez. High performance bituminous sub-ballast for improving the structural behaviour and durability of railway track substructure. Materials and Structures. 2021; 54 (3):1-15.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Manuel Castillo-Mingorance; Miguel Sol-Sánchez; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Vicente Pérez; María Del Carmen Rubio-Gámez. 2021. "High performance bituminous sub-ballast for improving the structural behaviour and durability of railway track substructure." Materials and Structures 54, no. 3: 1-15.
Real-time and continuous monitoring through smart sensors is considered to be the evolution of traditional track testing, enabling the earlier detection of the main failure modes that degrade railway tracks. Through carrying out preventive maintenance operations, infrastructure resources may be optimized, leading to smarter and more sustainable infrastructure. For this reason, under the larger goal of creating a synergy with various types of sensors for railway tracks, this article presents a critical review on the different, currently available sensors for smart and continuous monitoring. Specifically, the most appropriate monitoring technologies for each of the main railway track failure modes have been assessed and identified, thus deriving the advantages and capacities of each solution. Furthermore, this review presents some of the main experiences carried out to date in literature by using sensor technologies, such as strain gauges, piezoelectric sensors, fiber-optics, geophones and accelerometers. These technologies have proven to offer appropriate characteristics and accuracy for the continuous monitoring of a railway track’s structural state, being capable of measuring different parameters, such as deflections, deformations, stresses or accelerations that would permit the technical tracking of various forms of degradation.
Juan Castillo-Mingorance; Miguel Sol-Sánchez; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; María Rubio-Gámez. A Critical Review of Sensors for the Continuous Monitoring of Smart and Sustainable Railway Infrastructures. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9428 .
AMA StyleJuan Castillo-Mingorance, Miguel Sol-Sánchez, Fernando Moreno-Navarro, María Rubio-Gámez. A Critical Review of Sensors for the Continuous Monitoring of Smart and Sustainable Railway Infrastructures. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9428.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan Castillo-Mingorance; Miguel Sol-Sánchez; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; María Rubio-Gámez. 2020. "A Critical Review of Sensors for the Continuous Monitoring of Smart and Sustainable Railway Infrastructures." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9428.
This paper summarizes the work carried out in a research project whose main objective was to develop high-performance sustainable bituminous materials (using crumb rubber and additives to reduce their manufacturing temperature) to be used in roads that support high traffic volumes and/or severe environmental conditions. For this purpose, various studies were conducted both in a laboratory and in a real asphalt plant (at binder and mixture level). Later, these materials were used to construct a trial section in a highway at a mountain pass (at more than 1400 m above sea level) supporting more than 2600 heavy vehicles each day under severe environmental conditions (snow during winter, and high temperatures and many hours of solar radiation during the summer). The results indicate the viability of using these materials, since they provide a number of advantages such as improved workability at lower temperatures and an increase in the mechanical resistance against the main sources of distress that affect asphalt pavements.
Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Francisco Javier Sierra; Miguel Sol-Sánchez; M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez; Manuel Castillo; Eugenio Estévez. High-Performance Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures for High-Volume Traffic Roads in Severe Climates. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8765 .
AMA StyleFernando Moreno-Navarro, Francisco Javier Sierra, Miguel Sol-Sánchez, M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez, Manuel Castillo, Eugenio Estévez. High-Performance Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures for High-Volume Traffic Roads in Severe Climates. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8765.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Moreno-Navarro; Francisco Javier Sierra; Miguel Sol-Sánchez; M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez; Manuel Castillo; Eugenio Estévez. 2020. "High-Performance Sustainable Asphalt Mixtures for High-Volume Traffic Roads in Severe Climates." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8765.
The main characteristics of bituminous mixtures manufactured with a considerable amount of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), compared to conventional mixtures, are a reduction in workability, an increase in stiffness, and a loss of ductility, due to the presence of the aged bitumen contained in the RAP particles. To minimize these impacts, softer binders or rejuvenators are commonly used in the design of these mixtures in order to restore part of the ductility lost and to reduce the stiffness. In spite of previous investigations demonstrating that the mortar plays an essential role in the workability, long-term performance, and durability of bituminous mixtures (where cracking, cohesion, and adhesion problems all start at this scale), not many studies have assessed the impacts caused by the presence of RAP. In response to this, the present paper analyzes the workability, fatigue performance, and water sensitivity of bituminous mortars containing different amounts of RAP (from 0% to 100%) and rejuvenators. Mortar specimens were compacted using a gyratory compactor and studied via dynamic mechanical analysis under three point bending configuration. The results demonstrated that the presence of RAP reduces the workability and ductility of asphalt mortars. However, it also causes an increase in their stiffness, which induces a more elastic response and causes an increase in their resistance to fatigue, which could compensate for the loss of ductility. This aspect, together with the low water sensitivity shown, when using Portland cement as an active filler, would make it possible to produce asphalt materials with high RAP contents with a similar long-term mechanical performance as traditional ones. In addition, the use of rejuvenators was demonstrated to effectively correct the negative workability and ductility impacts caused by using RAP, without affecting the fatigue resistance and material adhesion/cohesion.
Ana Hidalgo; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Tauste; M. Rubio-Gámez. The Influence of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on the Mechanical Performance of Bituminous Mixtures. An Analysis at the Mortar Scale. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8343 .
AMA StyleAna Hidalgo, Fernando Moreno-Navarro, Raúl Tauste, M. Rubio-Gámez. The Influence of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on the Mechanical Performance of Bituminous Mixtures. An Analysis at the Mortar Scale. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (20):8343.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAna Hidalgo; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Tauste; M. Rubio-Gámez. 2020. "The Influence of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement on the Mechanical Performance of Bituminous Mixtures. An Analysis at the Mortar Scale." Sustainability 12, no. 20: 8343.
Asphalt materials modified with different types and dosages of magnetically responsive materials can emit patterns of magnetic signals easily detectable by magnetic field sensors. These patterns could be used to encode roads and improve infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V)/road-to-vehicle (R2V) communications. In this sense, this paper presents a laboratory study addressed to analyze the magnetic field signals emitted by encoded asphalt specimens manufactured with various dosages of steel fibers. The analysis consisted in the evaluation of the influence of three parameters: (1) the height of placement of the magnetic field sensors, (2) the approach speed of the encoded specimen/vehicle and (3) the distance from signal detection. Results show that, for each one of the parameters evaluated, there is a limit value below which it is possible to work with the magnetic signal emitted by the encoded samples. A proof of concept was used to validate the results obtained.
Paulina Leiva-Padilla; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Guillermo Iglesias; Mª Rubio-Gamez. Interpretation of the Magnetic Field Signals Emitted by Encoded Asphalt Pavement Materials. Sustainability 2020, 12, 7300 .
AMA StylePaulina Leiva-Padilla, Fernando Moreno-Navarro, Guillermo Iglesias, Mª Rubio-Gamez. Interpretation of the Magnetic Field Signals Emitted by Encoded Asphalt Pavement Materials. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (18):7300.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Leiva-Padilla; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Guillermo Iglesias; Mª Rubio-Gamez. 2020. "Interpretation of the Magnetic Field Signals Emitted by Encoded Asphalt Pavement Materials." Sustainability 12, no. 18: 7300.
The self-healing capacity of electroconductive asphalt materials can be enhanced by the use of induction heating. The highest enhancement of this self-healing capacity is produced in the early stages of the fatigue life of the material. During the early stages of the fatigue life, micro-cracks appear in the mastics/mortars that compose the asphalt mixture. In this sense, by the use of micromechanics, it could be possible to study the mastics/mortars to characterize the healing performance of asphalt mixtures under induction heating treatments. This study evaluates the recovery capacity of electroconductive asphalt mortars (EM), after multiple applications of induction heating and rest periods. In order to use a representation of materials that can be produced on-site, the EM were manufactured with the smallest sizes of metallic fibres obtained from the recycling process of vehicle tires at the end of their useful life. Results showed that half of the recovery capacity of the EM was produced by the effect of induction heating and the remainder by the effect of rest periods. This recovery capacity generates an extension in the fatigue life of the EM, which along with the use of a high asphalt content (higher than 7%) and fine aggregates (less than 9.5 mm), provides the conditions to use the EM in the construction of interlayer systems. The use of EM as interlayer systems, additionally to delay the reflection of cracks in the surface layers of the pavement, seems to represent a safe strategy to introduce their use on-site.
P. Leiva-Padilla; F. Moreno-Navarro; G. Iglesias-Salto; M.C. Rubio-Gamez. Recovery capacity of electroconductive asphalt mortars under the influence of magnetic fields. Materials Today Communications 2020, 25, 101527 .
AMA StyleP. Leiva-Padilla, F. Moreno-Navarro, G. Iglesias-Salto, M.C. Rubio-Gamez. Recovery capacity of electroconductive asphalt mortars under the influence of magnetic fields. Materials Today Communications. 2020; 25 ():101527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleP. Leiva-Padilla; F. Moreno-Navarro; G. Iglesias-Salto; M.C. Rubio-Gamez. 2020. "Recovery capacity of electroconductive asphalt mortars under the influence of magnetic fields." Materials Today Communications 25, no. : 101527.
The use of recycled Tire-Derived Aggregate (TDA) under railway sleepers has been demonstrated to be a sustainable and effective way to improve the durability and mechanical behaviour of ballasted train tracks. This solution enables the optimization of a track’s vertical performance, as different rubber quantities can be employed depending on track vertical requirements, while recycling a waste material abundantly available. However, before the widespread adoption of TDA, joined to previous studies focused on track vertical behaviour, it is still necessary to assess its influence on the lateral resistance of the track, given the importance of this parameter on the infrastructure’s quality and safety. Thus, the present paper focused on determining the effects on the lateral resistance of the section when employing varying quantities of rubber particles under the sleeper, along with its impact depending on the level of track degradation. For this study, laboratory tests were carried out to simulate realistic traffic conditions on full-scale sections. Results showed that TDA under sleepers could lead to higher lateral oscillations of the track due to the flexibility of the rubber particles, but resulting in similar, or even lower, permanent displacements to those in conventional ballasted tracks, as long as not excessive rubber volumes are applied. Particularly, for the study cases assessed in this article, it was seen that quantities up to around 1,500-2,000 cm3 (applied under half sleeper) could reduce permanent lateral movements due to dynamic efforts up to 45% in reference to traditional ballasted tracks, while increasing close to 130% the number of loads required to reach a lateral displacement of 10 mm (selected as example of failure criteria).
M. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; R. Tauste-Martínez; L. Saiz; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Recycling Tire-Derived Aggregate as elastic particles under railway sleepers: Impact on track lateral resistance and durability. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020, 277, 123322 .
AMA StyleM. Sol-Sánchez, F. Moreno-Navarro, R. Tauste-Martínez, L. Saiz, M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Recycling Tire-Derived Aggregate as elastic particles under railway sleepers: Impact on track lateral resistance and durability. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2020; 277 ():123322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; R. Tauste-Martínez; L. Saiz; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. 2020. "Recycling Tire-Derived Aggregate as elastic particles under railway sleepers: Impact on track lateral resistance and durability." Journal of Cleaner Production 277, no. : 123322.
The addition of fibres to reinforce asphalt mixtures is a prospective field for pavement engineering, where the use of glass or synthetic macrofibers could potentially help not only as reinforcement for new asphalt mixtures, but also as part of asphalt overlays applied on deteriorated pavements to diminish reflective cracking during maintenance operations. In recent studies, it has been found that the addition of macrofibres can improve the rutting and fracture resistance of asphalt mixtures. However, the response of these mixtures to fatigue has not been studied yet. In this study, a complete performance characterization of a gap graded asphalt mixture with the addition of glass and synthetic macrofibres was studied. Also, a reference asphalt mixture without macrofibres was provided for comparison. Results showed that the addition of macrofibres improves water sensibility, rutting performance and stiffness of the gap grade asphalt mixtures studied. Also, it was observed during the fatigue tests that the incorporation of both types of macrofibres greatly improved the durability of the mixtures to fatigue cracking at medium range temperatures. This improved fatigue behaviour correlates to an extended useful life for the fibre reinforced asphalt mixtures. The synthetic macrofibres showed better fatigue behaviour at lower temperatures, while glass macrofibres gave a better response at the higher temperature studied.
Francisco Morea; Miguel Sol-Sanchez; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Zerbino. Fatigue behaviour of macrofiber reinforced gap graded asphalt mixtures. Materials and Structures 2020, 53, 1 -11.
AMA StyleFrancisco Morea, Miguel Sol-Sanchez, Fernando Moreno-Navarro, Raúl Zerbino. Fatigue behaviour of macrofiber reinforced gap graded asphalt mixtures. Materials and Structures. 2020; 53 (4):1-11.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFrancisco Morea; Miguel Sol-Sanchez; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Zerbino. 2020. "Fatigue behaviour of macrofiber reinforced gap graded asphalt mixtures." Materials and Structures 53, no. 4: 1-11.
The aim of this paper was to analyze the mechanical behavior of various asphalt mixtures for application in pavements for ports, particularly with a view to developing and designing asphalt materials that could be used as an alternative to traditional concrete pavements in ports. The advantages of using such materials include a reduction in the time and costs associated with the construction and periodic maintenance operations required for port pavements, particularly in areas designated for container operations. For this purpose, five High Modulus Asphalt Mixtures (HMAM), with different types of aggregates and bitumen were analyzed through laboratory tests specifically developed to assess the main failure modes of these materials when used in port pavements. The tests focused on static punching due to container storage; impacts of loads generated during the unloading of containers; and the combined effect of heavy vehicles with fuel action due to spills from vehicles and containers. Additionally, these properties were measured in a full-scale section reproduced in laboratory to evaluate the performance of the bituminous under real conditions. The results demonstrate that the type of bitumen – as opposed to the type of aggregate – has a stronger impact on the mechanical performance of HMAM when used in port pavements. Thus, the use of modified bitumens generally allows for improving the resistance of the HMAM in comparison with conventional bitumen, particularly under adverse service conditions, where the mixture with rubberized bitumen was found to be the most appropriate solution.
M. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; M.E. Hidalgo; V. Pérez; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Laboratory study on asphalt mixtures for application in port pavements. Construction and Building Materials 2020, 235, 117513 .
AMA StyleM. Sol-Sánchez, F. Moreno-Navarro, M.E. Hidalgo, V. Pérez, M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Laboratory study on asphalt mixtures for application in port pavements. Construction and Building Materials. 2020; 235 ():117513.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; M.E. Hidalgo; V. Pérez; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. 2020. "Laboratory study on asphalt mixtures for application in port pavements." Construction and Building Materials 235, no. : 117513.
In the coming years, asphalt materials will face significant challenges due to the demand for smart multifunctional materials in transportation infrastructures, designed under sustainability criteria. Asphalt pavements will not only have to contribute towards the provision of an adequate surface for the transportation of different types of vehicles, but will need to do so considering the increased loads that they will have to support, as well as the extreme weather conditions resulting from climate change. These pavements will also need the capacity to interact with autonomous vehicles and provide information to the users and maintenance agencies regarding traffic data or performance levels. This paper describes how mechanomutable asphalt materials (MAMs) could enhance the properties of asphalt materials, enabling their use as a solution for smart infrastructures.
Paulina Leiva-Padilla; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Guillermo Iglesias; Maria Carmen Rubio-Gamez. A Review of the Contribution of Mechanomutable Asphalt Materials Towards Addressing the Upcoming Challenges of Asphalt Pavements. Infrastructures 2020, 5, 23 .
AMA StylePaulina Leiva-Padilla, Fernando Moreno-Navarro, Guillermo Iglesias, Maria Carmen Rubio-Gamez. A Review of the Contribution of Mechanomutable Asphalt Materials Towards Addressing the Upcoming Challenges of Asphalt Pavements. Infrastructures. 2020; 5 (3):23.
Chicago/Turabian StylePaulina Leiva-Padilla; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Guillermo Iglesias; Maria Carmen Rubio-Gamez. 2020. "A Review of the Contribution of Mechanomutable Asphalt Materials Towards Addressing the Upcoming Challenges of Asphalt Pavements." Infrastructures 5, no. 3: 23.
Injecting recycled rubber particles under the sleeper through a two-step stoneblowing technique (partially replacing the small stones with rubber) could improve the performance of ballasted railway tracks. In addition, this results in fewer environmental impacts associated with maintenance whilst recycling an abundant waste material (End-of-Life-Tyres, or ELTs). Nonetheless, to continue the development of this solution before its widespread application, this paper assesses the volumes and dosages of rubber to be used during the correction of various levels of irregularities and track states. The aim is to extend the service life of the track whilst optimizing performance by the inclusion of the elastic particles (particularly in transition sections where gradual variation of track behavior is required). For this purpose, innovative laboratory tests were used to study the effect of applying various quantities of rubber (recycled from ELTs) over small stones to correct three different levels of settlement. This paper presents the resulting guide values for the volumes of small stones and rubber particles to be added. These values depend on the level of track settlement to be corrected and the need for resilience according to the section and characteristics of traffic to be supported. Further, it appears that it is preferable to add the rubber after the compaction of the layer of small stones, which results in a lower tendency towards settlement and irregularities. Therefore, the current findings indicate that a two-step stoneblowing process (adding appropriate quantities of rubber) could be a cleaner technique for improving track behavior and reducing environmental impacts associated with maintenance.
M. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; L. Saiz; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Recycling waste rubber particles for the maintenance of different states of railway tracks through a two-step stoneblowing process. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 244, 118570 .
AMA StyleM. Sol-Sánchez, F. Moreno-Navarro, L. Saiz, M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Recycling waste rubber particles for the maintenance of different states of railway tracks through a two-step stoneblowing process. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 244 ():118570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; L. Saiz; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. 2019. "Recycling waste rubber particles for the maintenance of different states of railway tracks through a two-step stoneblowing process." Journal of Cleaner Production 244, no. : 118570.
The reduction in consumption of natural resources (fuel, gas, etc.) and contaminant emissions (CO2, CO, NOx, etc.) during the production of asphalt mixtures has become one of the main challenges in road engineering. Warm mix asphalts (WMAs) have been developed in order to achieve this objective while ensuring the mechanical performance and durability of traditional hot mix asphalts (HMAs). However, these materials are commonly manufactured using additives or products whose production could reduce both their environmental benefits and cost effectiveness. This paper presents a research study that aims to analyse the reuse of zeolite wastes derived from petroleum refining in the production of warm mix asphalts. For this purpose, two different types of zeolite wastes were analysed as additives for the manufacture of two warm mix asphalts, whose mechanical performance was compared with conventional WMA and hot mix asphalt. The results indicate that zeolite wastes with a lower particles size presented higher capacity to absorb water, while its dosage at 0.3% allows for producing warm mix asphalts at temperatures around 145°C, with comparable workability and densification to conventional HMA at 165°C without reducing its bearing capacity, fatigue life, and resistance to water action and plastic deformation.
M. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; M. C. Rubio-Gámez; V. Pérez-Mena; P. Cabanillas. Reuse of Zeolite By-Products Derived from Petroleum Refining for Sustainable Roads. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019, 2019, 1 -10.
AMA StyleM. Sol-Sánchez, F. Moreno-Navarro, M. C. Rubio-Gámez, V. Pérez-Mena, P. Cabanillas. Reuse of Zeolite By-Products Derived from Petroleum Refining for Sustainable Roads. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering. 2019; 2019 ():1-10.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; M. C. Rubio-Gámez; V. Pérez-Mena; P. Cabanillas. 2019. "Reuse of Zeolite By-Products Derived from Petroleum Refining for Sustainable Roads." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2019, no. : 1-10.
The inclusion of rubber particles derived from end-of-life tyres (ELTs) under the sleepers has been demonstrated in previous studies to be a potential solution to improve the behaviour and durability of railway tracks, and then, minimizing the negative impacts associated with the need for maintenance. Nonetheless, more in-depth studies are still required to define the optimal procedure prior to its application in real tracks. The present paper therefore focused on assessing the main parameters for defining the procedure for adding rubber particles to create an elastic layer under sleepers through a two-step stoneblowing process. Such parameters included the size of the rubber particles; the position of the elastic layer (above or below the conventional small aggregates used in the stoneblowing process); the need to compact the first layer before injecting the subsequent one; the effect of rubber dosage; and the impact of service conditions (traffic levels and temperatures). For this purpose, a number of laboratory tests were carried out on testing boxes simulating the effects of train passages, assessing diverse properties such as particles percolation, section settlement, stiffness and dissipated energy. The results revealed that the inclusion of rubber particles (ranging between 14 and 20 mm) as an elastic layer over the compacted small stones through a two-step stoneblowing process, provides an effective solution to graduate and optimize global track behaviour by using different quantities of rubber, which could reduce the need for track maintenance and its environmental impacts.
M. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; Roberto Pérez-Aparicio; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Defining the process of including sustainable rubber particles under sleepers to improve track behaviour and performance. Journal of Cleaner Production 2019, 227, 178 -188.
AMA StyleM. Sol-Sánchez, F. Moreno-Navarro, Roberto Pérez-Aparicio, M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Defining the process of including sustainable rubber particles under sleepers to improve track behaviour and performance. Journal of Cleaner Production. 2019; 227 ():178-188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleM. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; Roberto Pérez-Aparicio; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. 2019. "Defining the process of including sustainable rubber particles under sleepers to improve track behaviour and performance." Journal of Cleaner Production 227, no. : 178-188.
The Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) test is widely used to analyse the mechanical performance of asphalt binders. It has commonly been used to analyse resistance to permanent deformations and identify and quantify how the polymer is working in the binder. However, this test also offers other useful information that can be studied to provide a better understanding of the mechanical performance of asphalt binders. This paper presents a new approach that analyses binder performance in terms of mechanical loads, thermal gradients, ageing and low temperatures, based on the results obtained from the MSCR test. For this purpose, several parameters and indexes are defined to characterise the response of asphalt binders. To evaluate the potential of this new approach, a research study was carried out with ten different binders (neat and modified) and three types of bituminous mixtures. The indexes obtained from binder performance show a strong correlation with the performance of bituminous binders against the main distresses that appear in road pavements, thus providing an efficient tool for selecting the most appropriate asphalt binder to use under certain traffic and climatic conditions.
Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Tauste; Miguel Sol-Sánchez; M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez. New approach for characterising the performance of asphalt binders through the multiple stress creep and recovery test. Road Materials and Pavement Design 2019, 20, S500 -S520.
AMA StyleFernando Moreno-Navarro, Raúl Tauste, Miguel Sol-Sánchez, M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez. New approach for characterising the performance of asphalt binders through the multiple stress creep and recovery test. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2019; 20 (sup1):S500-S520.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Tauste; Miguel Sol-Sánchez; M. Carmen Rubio-Gámez. 2019. "New approach for characterising the performance of asphalt binders through the multiple stress creep and recovery test." Road Materials and Pavement Design 20, no. sup1: S500-S520.
The use of polymer-modified binders allows for the construction of more durable pavements that require lower maintenance costs. Nevertheless, the cost of these binders limits their applicability (commonly these are used only in surface layers in high volume traffic roads), and sometimes they are not available in all countries or regions. The reuse of recycled polymers as bitumen modifiers can be an interesting alternative from both economic and environmental perspectives, but the incorporation of these materials into a neat binder (and their subsequent modification) is not always easy, and the end product does not always have the desired properties. Thus the aim of the present study was to analyze the feasibility of using flakes made from recycled polyethylene (PE) and tire rubber (GTR) as binder modifiers. For this purpose, these flakes were added to neat bitumen in different dosages, conducting penetration, softening point, and rheological analyses, both before and after ageing. The results obtained for the binders modified with different dosages of flakes were compared with those obtained from high performance polymer modified bitumen manufactured in a refinery. Although these materials did not show the same mechanical properties as those of the reference polymer modified binder, these findings indicate that the use of recycled polymer flakes could be an interesting alternative for producing better binders that could be used in any type of asphalt layer or road.
Luzana Leite Brasileiro; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Tauste Martínez; Miguel del Sol-Sánchez; Jose Milton Elias Matos; Maria Del Carmen Rubio-Gámez. Study of the feasability of producing modified asphalt bitumens using flakes made from recycled polymers. Construction and Building Materials 2019, 208, 269 -282.
AMA StyleLuzana Leite Brasileiro, Fernando Moreno-Navarro, Raúl Tauste Martínez, Miguel del Sol-Sánchez, Jose Milton Elias Matos, Maria Del Carmen Rubio-Gámez. Study of the feasability of producing modified asphalt bitumens using flakes made from recycled polymers. Construction and Building Materials. 2019; 208 ():269-282.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuzana Leite Brasileiro; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Tauste Martínez; Miguel del Sol-Sánchez; Jose Milton Elias Matos; Maria Del Carmen Rubio-Gámez. 2019. "Study of the feasability of producing modified asphalt bitumens using flakes made from recycled polymers." Construction and Building Materials 208, no. : 269-282.
The use of polymer-modified binders in asphalt mixtures has become more widespread due to their reduced thermal susceptibility and improved rutting and fatigue resistance. Nevertheless, their high cost limits their application, thus making the use of reclaimed polymers (RP) an interesting alternative for both reducing price and extending the service life of pavements. This paper; therefore, presents a comparative review of the recycled polymers most commonly studied as bitumen modifiers: polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA), and ground tire rubber (GTR), in order to facilitate their selection and extend the use of the bitumen. The differences in terms of melting point, mixing conditions, and maximum quantity of added polymer are analyzed. Moreover, their effect on the mechanical behavior of the asphalt binders and their stability with and without the use of additives is presented. According to the literature revision, the performance of the new binder is more influenced by the kind of polymer that was incorporated and the mixing conditions than by the base bitumen that was chosen, although rheological evaluation is needed to fully understand the modification mechanisms of the modified binder. In general terms, plastomers have a stronger effect in terms of increasing the stiffness of the bitumen in comparison with crumb rubber (elastomers), thus providing an improved rutting resistance. The joint use of polyethylene (plastomer) and crumb rubber (elastomer) can be an interesting option for its recycling potential and mechanical performance, although further study is needed to achieve stable bitumen across the entire range of temperatures; additives, such as maleic anhydride (MA), are commonly employed to improve the stability of the binder and enhance its characteristics, but their use could limit the economic benefits of using recycled materials.
Luzana Brasileiro; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Tauste-Martínez; Jose Matos; Maria Del Carmen Rubio-Gámez. Reclaimed Polymers as Asphalt Binder Modifiers for More Sustainable Roads: A Review. Sustainability 2019, 11, 646 .
AMA StyleLuzana Brasileiro, Fernando Moreno-Navarro, Raúl Tauste-Martínez, Jose Matos, Maria Del Carmen Rubio-Gámez. Reclaimed Polymers as Asphalt Binder Modifiers for More Sustainable Roads: A Review. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (3):646.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuzana Brasileiro; Fernando Moreno-Navarro; Raúl Tauste-Martínez; Jose Matos; Maria Del Carmen Rubio-Gámez. 2019. "Reclaimed Polymers as Asphalt Binder Modifiers for More Sustainable Roads: A Review." Sustainability 11, no. 3: 646.
The adaptation of pavements to autonomous vehicles has become one of the main challenges in the field of road engineering. These infrastructures must provide a safer and comfortable circulation whilst helping to guide the vehicles and provide information about the status of the road. In spite of the significant advances that have been made in autonomous vehicles in recent years, the development of new pavements adapted to their use has been left behind. This paper presents some of the results obtained in a project aimed at developing an innovative asphalt material, which has been codified using magnetic particles in order facilitate the driving of autonomous vehicles. The results have demonstrated that these encoded materials are sufficiently sensitive to provide information to autonomous vehicles, and can be developed by using less invasive construction procedures.
F. Moreno-Navarro; G.R. Iglesias; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Encoded asphalt materials for the guidance of autonomous vehicles. Automation in Construction 2018, 99, 109 -113.
AMA StyleF. Moreno-Navarro, G.R. Iglesias, M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Encoded asphalt materials for the guidance of autonomous vehicles. Automation in Construction. 2018; 99 ():109-113.
Chicago/Turabian StyleF. Moreno-Navarro; G.R. Iglesias; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. 2018. "Encoded asphalt materials for the guidance of autonomous vehicles." Automation in Construction 99, no. : 109-113.
The ageing phenomenon in asphalt mixtures is one of the most important factors affecting its service life. The current paper provides an overview of a number of studies related to the ageing process in bitumen, to determine the main component affecting this phenomenon. Moreover, a review is presented of the in-laboratory tests used to simulate the different ageing processes (short-term ageing, long-term ageing, UV ageing) that occur in the field, along with a description of the techniques currently employed to analyse, from different perspectives, what happens to the binder after ageing. Finally, a summary is presented of the various types of anti-ageing additives (antioxidants, UV blockers, UV absorbers) that are currently most commonly studied, along with their effects. This document reveals the importance of assessing the influence of UV radiation in any ageing study that is related to field data, and the need for a standard to simulate bitumen ageing. In addition, it highlights the importance of considering the influence of other components of the mixture on the ageing of the bitumen and the need to conjointly consider different types of techniques in order to fully understand the phenomenon.
R. Tauste; F. Moreno-Navarro; M. Sol-Sánchez; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Understanding the bitumen ageing phenomenon: A review. Construction and Building Materials 2018, 192, 593 -609.
AMA StyleR. Tauste, F. Moreno-Navarro, M. Sol-Sánchez, M.C. Rubio-Gámez. Understanding the bitumen ageing phenomenon: A review. Construction and Building Materials. 2018; 192 ():593-609.
Chicago/Turabian StyleR. Tauste; F. Moreno-Navarro; M. Sol-Sánchez; M.C. Rubio-Gámez. 2018. "Understanding the bitumen ageing phenomenon: A review." Construction and Building Materials 192, no. : 593-609.
Despite its many advantages, ballasted track needs frequent maintenance to ensure an adequate quality of service. However, tamping, traditionally used to correct geometry, causes ballast degradation and loosening of the already compacted ballast layer, which quickly returns the track to its pre-maintenance position. Then, other maintenance techniques such as stoneblowing, as well as diverse solutions that reinforce trackbed, have been developed to reduce ballast settlement and particles degradation. Given the need to further advance research in this field, bitumen-stabilised ballast (BSB) has started to be investigated by the authors as a feasible solution thanks to its easy and quick applicability and relatively low cost of the bonding agent. Nonetheless, more in-depth laboratory full-scale tests are necessary to prove the effectiveness of this solution before its application in real trial sections. This paper focuses on investigating the effect of BSB application during tamping and stoneblowing, on trackbed performance. Various scenarios are analysed to evaluate the effectiveness of this technology when applied at different stages of ballast service (clean and fouled). The results show that the use of BSB could improve the effectiveness of maintenance, particularly in the case of tamping and at the early stage of ballast life.
G. D'angelo; M. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; Davide Lo Presti; N. Thom. Use of bitumen-stabilised ballast for improving railway trackbed conventional maintenance. Géotechnique 2018, 68, 518 -527.
AMA StyleG. D'angelo, M. Sol-Sánchez, F. Moreno-Navarro, Davide Lo Presti, N. Thom. Use of bitumen-stabilised ballast for improving railway trackbed conventional maintenance. Géotechnique. 2018; 68 (6):518-527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. D'angelo; M. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; Davide Lo Presti; N. Thom. 2018. "Use of bitumen-stabilised ballast for improving railway trackbed conventional maintenance." Géotechnique 68, no. 6: 518-527.
Given the high costs associated with using polymer-modified bitumen in asphalt pavement for roads, this research set out to develop more competitive modifiers that are able to offer environmental advantages through incorporating waste polymers such as bitumen modifiers. For this purpose, the present study assessed the viability of using reclaimed geomembrane modified binder (RGMB) for use in asphalt mixtures. The impact of using RGMB as binder modifier on the behavior of stone mastic asphalt (SMA) is assessed by testing this mixture and comparing its performance with a control mixture containing a conventional binder without RGMB, and with one obtained using a commercial polymer-modified binder, the latter both with and without fibers. The tests included wheel tracking, binder drainage, moisture susceptibility, and stiffness modulus test. The results show that using the binder produced with reclaimed geomembranes has a number of positive effects on the properties of SMA, producing higher resistance to moisture damage, higher resistance to plastic deformations, and lower binder drain-down.
G. García-Travé; R. Tauste; M. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; M. C. Rubio-Gámez. Mechanical Performance of SMA Mixtures Manufactured with Reclaimed Geomembrane–Modified Binders. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 2018, 30, 04017284 .
AMA StyleG. García-Travé, R. Tauste, M. Sol-Sánchez, F. Moreno-Navarro, M. C. Rubio-Gámez. Mechanical Performance of SMA Mixtures Manufactured with Reclaimed Geomembrane–Modified Binders. Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering. 2018; 30 (2):04017284.
Chicago/Turabian StyleG. García-Travé; R. Tauste; M. Sol-Sánchez; F. Moreno-Navarro; M. C. Rubio-Gámez. 2018. "Mechanical Performance of SMA Mixtures Manufactured with Reclaimed Geomembrane–Modified Binders." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 30, no. 2: 04017284.