The demand for electrical energy is increasing every year and coal is also predicted to run out in the next few decades, so it must be replaced with new renewable energy such as solar energy sourced from solar radiation. This research aims to find out the potential of solar energy as an alternative source of electrical energy that can replace coal. This research is a type of qualitative research with a literature review method. Research data was collected from secondary sources from journals with the same research focus in 2019-2024 and the national energy balance analysis report (National Energy Council. The findings of the study show that national energy management has been regulated by the National Energy Council in the National Energy Policy (KEN) guidelines. Solar energy is encouraged by the government to be developed in Indonesia because of its huge potential considering that Indonesia is at the equator and has a tropical climate so that the intensity of solar radiation tends to be constant and comprehensive throughout Indonesia. The supply of solar energy from 2018-2022 continues to increase, this also encourages the development of solar power plants in Indonesia. In addition, the use of solar energy as a raw material for solar power plants also encourages battery investment, because sunlight has intermittent properties so that temporary storage such as batteries is needed to store energy before being converted into electrical energy. Thus, solar energy has a great opportunity to be developed in Indonesia considering the potential geographical location of the country and as a way to attract investors.

Generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (OQAM) is an alternative non-orthogonal modulation scheme for future generation wireless broadband systems. The nonlinearity of high power amplifiers (HPAs) has a very significant effect on the performance of GFDM systems. In this paper, we investigate the effects of nonlinear distortion on the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-GFDM system when the signal is passed the HPA, which is modeled with amplitude and phase distortion. The effects of nonlinear distortion due to the HPA include amplitude distortion, phase distortion, and the spread of signal constellations. These effects also produce harmonic signals and intermodulation outside the frequency band which results in spectral spread. This will then reduce the performance of the MIMO-GFDM system. The contributions of this paper concern three key areas. Firstly, we investigate the effects of nonlinear distortion on the MIMO-GFDM system. We also derive the new closed-form expression bit error rate (BER) in MIMO-GFDM systems that use a memoryless HPA, which is modeled using the Saleh model when passed through the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. This model was chosen because it is simple and has AM/AM and AM/PM curves. Secondly, we propose the application of techniques for the linearization of each HPA predistorter on the transmitter side of the MIMO-GFDM system separately. This predistorter is able to compensate for nonlinear distortion caused by the HPA without memory operating in the saturation region. The main contribution of this paper is to investigate the predistorter, which can linearize nonlinear distortion in MIMO-GFDM transmitters. The performance of the proposed scheme is evaluated in terms of spectrum analysis, PAPR analysis, a constellation diagram, and bit error rate (BER) analysis. The simulation results show that the proposed predistorter design succeeds in compensating for nonlinear distortions caused by the HPA for large input back-off (IBO) values.

Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) as a candidate waveform for 5G also uses High Power Amplifier (HPA) on the transmitter side. When HPA works in the saturation region, it will also cause nonlinear distortion. In addition, GFDM which uses high M-ary modulation will result in scatter plot signal placement and cause performance degradation. This paper presents the characteristics of the nonlinear distortion effect of HPA in the Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) GFDM transmission system with Saleh Model when it uses the 16 OQAM modulations. The simulation results show the nonlinear distortion in MIMO GFDM with high M-ary results in spreading the signal constellation. Consequently, the received signal will be more difficult to be correctly detected or the received signal can be detected, however this received signal has error information so that the performance is decreasing.

Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) is a flexible multi-carrier transmission to overcome the disadvantages of OFDM. The weakness of GFDM, similarly to the other multicarrier signals, is a high PAPR, large PAPR signals can easily saturate the transmit power amplifier and cause degradation in Symbol Error Rate (SER) performance and Out-of-Band (OOB) emissions. In this paper, we analyze the effects of Non-Linear distortion using the Saleh model in GFDM. We investigate three parameters: CCDF of PAPR, frequency spectrum, and SER. The simulation results show that GFDM superior to OFDM in PAPR performance and spectrum if given the non-linear distortion. But non-linear distortion in GFDM cause SER performance is decreasing significantly while GFDM is less affected by linearity than OFDM.

Microstrip antenna when the antenna is one of the very rapid development in telecommunications systems that applied to many modern telecommunication equipment today. One application is the wifi. Wifi (Wireless Fidelity) is a wellknown tech-nology that utilizes an electronic device to exchange data wirelessly (using radio waves) over a computer network, including high-speed Internet connection, to provide a network connection to all users in the surrounding area. The purpose of this final project is to design microstrip patch antenna built a circular linier array that can be used for signal wifi stronger. The resulting microstrip antenna working in 2.4 GHz band with the acquisition of gain =3.4301 dBi, VSWR = 1.3749 and radiation pattern unidirectional. This antenna design simulation using the software Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator v13. For linear circular microstrip patch antenna array then showed its parameters.Keywords: Microstrip Antenna, Wifi, Array, VSWR, Gain

High economic growth makes the demand for comfortable and safe houses increase and the application of technology that is most clearly seen is technology with automatic systems. With this technology, the use of electricity in the house can be minimized and offer convenience in controlling the house. Sometimes homeowners forget to turn off the lights when they are outside the house so they have to go back and do checks that are very inefficient both in terms of time and financially such as the cost of gasoline to return to the house. Based on this, the Smart Home Prototype was created with the concept of the Internet of Things (IoT) using Raspberry Pi Web-Based, which is a system that can remotely control electronic home appliances using Raspberry Pi as a base system, which is connected to Web Applications through the internet network. The electronic equipment used in this study is in the form of 5 lamps, 1 stepper motor to control the garage, 1 servo motor to control the door lock, and 1 brushless motor that functions as a fan. Blocking and overall test results on Bedroom Lights, Living Room Lights, Kitchen Lights, Bathroom Lights, Porch Lights, Garages, Door Locks, and Fans, all work well. The testing of the distance between cities against the Prototype Smart Home was successfully carried out, where the Prototype Smart Home in the City of Demak was successfully controlled by the User who at the time of testing was in the City of Semarang, Kudus, Japan, Surabaya, and Jakarta.