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Francesca Cirisano
CNR-ICMATE-National Research Council, Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy, 16149 Genova, Italy

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Journal article
Published: 23 July 2021 in Sustainability
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Highly hydrophobic and superhydrophobic materials obtained from recycled polymers represent an interesting challenge to recycle and reuse advanced performance materials after their first life. In this article, we present a simple and low-cost method to fabricate a superhydrophobic surface by employing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) powder in polystyrene (PS) dispersion. With respect to the literature, the superhydrophobic surface (SHS) was prepared by utilizing a spray- coating technique at room temperature, a glass substrate without any further modification or thermal treatment, and which can be applied onto a large area and on to any type of material with some degree of fine control over the wettability properties. The prepared surface showed superhydrophobic behavior with a water contact angle (CA) of 170°; furthermore, the coating was characterized with different techniques, such as a 3D confocal profilometer, to measure the average roughness of the coating, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to characterize the surface morphology. In addition, the durability of SH coating was investigated by a long-water impact test (raining test), thermal treatment at high temperature, an abrasion test, and in acidic and alkaline environments. The present study may suggest an easy and scalable method to produce SHS PS/PTFE films that may find implementation in various fields.

ACS Style

Francesca Cirisano; Michele Ferrari. Superhydrophobicity and Durability in Recyclable Polymers Coating. Sustainability 2021, 13, 8244 .

AMA Style

Francesca Cirisano, Michele Ferrari. Superhydrophobicity and Durability in Recyclable Polymers Coating. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (15):8244.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Cirisano; Michele Ferrari. 2021. "Superhydrophobicity and Durability in Recyclable Polymers Coating." Sustainability 13, no. 15: 8244.

Journal article
Published: 22 April 2021 in Coatings
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One of the most important factors determining a significant reduction in optical devices’ efficiency is the accumulation of soiling substances such as dust, which, especially in solar power plants, implies higher costs and materials ageing. The use of superhydrophobic (SH) coatings, water contact angle (CA) greater than 150°, represents a suitable solution to improve the self-cleaning action while at the same time providing high transmittance for energy conversion. A mixed organic–inorganic SH coating with surface roughness below 100 nm was prepared by an easily scalable spray method and employed, allowing us to modulate the covered area and transparency. The coating has been also investigated while simulating pollution agents like acid rain, harsh environments, and the impact of continuous water droplets and dust particles with different physicochemical properties. The spray coating method allows us to obtain a modulated SH and self-cleaning surface showing CA > 170°, high transmittance in UV-Vis range and the ability to completely restore its initial properties in terms of wettability and transmittance after durability and soiling tests.

ACS Style

Michele Ferrari; Paolo Piccardo; Justine Vernet; Francesca Cirisano. High Transmittance Superhydrophobic Coatings with Durable Self-Cleaning Properties. Coatings 2021, 11, 493 .

AMA Style

Michele Ferrari, Paolo Piccardo, Justine Vernet, Francesca Cirisano. High Transmittance Superhydrophobic Coatings with Durable Self-Cleaning Properties. Coatings. 2021; 11 (5):493.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Ferrari; Paolo Piccardo; Justine Vernet; Francesca Cirisano. 2021. "High Transmittance Superhydrophobic Coatings with Durable Self-Cleaning Properties." Coatings 11, no. 5: 493.

Journal article
Published: 20 June 2020 in Coatings
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Coatings with high water repellence represent a promising field for biomedical applications. Superhydrophobicity (SH) can be used for preventing adhesion, controlling cell deposition, and spreading by inhibition of adsorption processes at liquid–solid interfaces. The recyclability of medical aids like fabrics can open the way for lower cost and more environmentally-friendly solutions. In this case, two different coatings form recyclable and low global warming potential materials and green solvents have been prepared and characterized based on their wettability properties. The resulting substrates have been used for the adhesion and spreading of representative skin cell lines, both tumoral and non-tumoral, showing a strong decrease in cell viability with values < 10%. The coated substrates showed a complete recovery on initial SH properties after rinsing with suitable solvents.

ACS Style

Michele Ferrari; Francesca Cirisano; M. Carmen Morán. Regenerable Superhydrophobic Coatings for Biomedical Fabrics. Coatings 2020, 10, 578 .

AMA Style

Michele Ferrari, Francesca Cirisano, M. Carmen Morán. Regenerable Superhydrophobic Coatings for Biomedical Fabrics. Coatings. 2020; 10 (6):578.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Ferrari; Francesca Cirisano; M. Carmen Morán. 2020. "Regenerable Superhydrophobic Coatings for Biomedical Fabrics." Coatings 10, no. 6: 578.

Short communication
Published: 30 May 2020 in Materials Science and Engineering: C
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In vitro tests for assessing cell viability and drug response are widely employed for determining cytotoxicity of drugs, chemicals, or material substrates. These assays have some advantages, such as speed, reduced cost, and potential for automation. However, since these tests are often run with a huge amount of cells, the characteristic properties of a single cell can be masked leading to a lack of the diagnostic features of these assays. Vital processes as proliferation and cell death (either necrosis or apoptosis) are associated to drastic changes of volume and surface analysis techniques like 3D optical scanning profilometry allow noninvasive and nondestructive approach with fast detection and good resolution at nano-microscale. Here, we demonstrate how coupling noninvasive morphological surface analysis techniques with well assessed biochemical methods can help to establish the relationship between the modifications on cellular viability induced by precursors of proliferation and cell death and variations on cell volume induced by these treatments. The proposed approach has demonstrated improved efficiency on the assessment of inductive changes on tumoral cells in comparison to non-tumoral cells upon administration of proliferative nontoxic or cytotoxic substances like chemotherapeutics.

ACS Style

M. Carmen Morán; Francesca Cirisano; Michele Ferrari. 3D profilometry and cell viability studies for drug response screening. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2020, 115, 111142 .

AMA Style

M. Carmen Morán, Francesca Cirisano, Michele Ferrari. 3D profilometry and cell viability studies for drug response screening. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2020; 115 ():111142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Carmen Morán; Francesca Cirisano; Michele Ferrari. 2020. "3D profilometry and cell viability studies for drug response screening." Materials Science and Engineering: C 115, no. : 111142.

Review
Published: 07 May 2019 in Colloids and Interfaces
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The influence of different surface properties holding to a modification of the substrate towards hydrophobic or superhydrophobic behavior was reviewed in this paper. Cell adhesion, their communication, and proliferation can be strongly manipulated, acting on interfacial relationship involving stiffness, surface charge, surface chemistry, roughness, or wettability. All these features can play mutual roles in determining the final properties of biomedical applications ranging from fabrics to cell biology devices. The focus of this work is the mammalian cell viability in contact with moderate to highly water repellent coatings or materials and also in combination with hydrophilic areas for more specific application. Few case studies illustrate a range of examples in which these surface properties and design can be fruitfully matched to the specific aim.

ACS Style

Michele Ferrari; Francesca Cirisano; M. Carmen Morán. Mammalian Cell Behavior on Hydrophobic Substrates: Influence of Surface Properties. Colloids and Interfaces 2019, 3, 48 .

AMA Style

Michele Ferrari, Francesca Cirisano, M. Carmen Morán. Mammalian Cell Behavior on Hydrophobic Substrates: Influence of Surface Properties. Colloids and Interfaces. 2019; 3 (2):48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Ferrari; Francesca Cirisano; M. Carmen Morán. 2019. "Mammalian Cell Behavior on Hydrophobic Substrates: Influence of Surface Properties." Colloids and Interfaces 3, no. 2: 48.

Journal article
Published: 06 May 2019 in Coatings
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Recyclable materials can be referred to as both those materials directly recycled from wastes and those derived from any kind of transformation before use. Highly water repellent coatings with wettability properties, known as superhydrophobic (SH), are related to surfaces with contact angles above 150° and a very small hysteresis. The small area available for these surfaces when in contact with water can be exploited in many applications in which interactions with an aqueous environment are usually desirable to be avoided, like for protection and friction reduction in a marine environment. SH coatings under investigation have been prepared starting from recyclable materials with the aim to provide a sustainable and low cost solution, with potential application to large surfaces in a marine environment. Wetting studies, surface characterization, and electrochemical tests show how these surfaces can be used in terms of fouling prevention and the protection of metals in underwater conditions.

ACS Style

Michele Ferrari; Alessandro Benedetti; Francesca Cirisano. Superhydrophobic Coatings from Recyclable Materials for Protection in a Real Sea Environment. Coatings 2019, 9, 303 .

AMA Style

Michele Ferrari, Alessandro Benedetti, Francesca Cirisano. Superhydrophobic Coatings from Recyclable Materials for Protection in a Real Sea Environment. Coatings. 2019; 9 (5):303.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Ferrari; Alessandro Benedetti; Francesca Cirisano. 2019. "Superhydrophobic Coatings from Recyclable Materials for Protection in a Real Sea Environment." Coatings 9, no. 5: 303.

Short communication
Published: 22 January 2019 in Materials Science and Engineering: C
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Surface properties like hydrophobicity and morphology of the substrate are essential for cell proliferation affecting its growth, survival and also for its communication with other cells on fabrics. The combination of low surface energy and a specific surface morphology (micro/nano-roughness) leads to significantly less wettable surfaces, known as superhydrophobic characterized by high contact angle above 150° and a very small hysteresis. Such high water repellent coatings feature small area available to be exploited in many applications where interactions with aqueous environment are strongly to be avoided. In this work, the authors have investigated the influence of coating polyester fabric at different degree of hydrophobicity by mixed organic-inorganic coating with moderated to highly water repellence. Depending on the coating composition and structure, the hydrophobicity of the fabric can be finely modulated by an easy-to-prepare method applicable to commercial, low cost fabric substrates providing advanced performance. In vitro experiments have been performed in order to establish the influence of surface modification on adhesion of representative model mammalian cell lines such as 3T3 fibroblasts, HaCaT keratinocytes and HeLa epithelial carcinoma cells. The obtained results suggested that, in addition to the chemistry and morphology of the coating, the characteristics of the substrate are important parameters on the final cell viabilities.

ACS Style

M. Carmen Morán; Guillem Ruano; Francesca Cirisano; Michele Ferrari. Mammalian cell viability on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic fabrics. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2019, 99, 241 -247.

AMA Style

M. Carmen Morán, Guillem Ruano, Francesca Cirisano, Michele Ferrari. Mammalian cell viability on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic fabrics. Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2019; 99 ():241-247.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Carmen Morán; Guillem Ruano; Francesca Cirisano; Michele Ferrari. 2019. "Mammalian cell viability on hydrophobic and superhydrophobic fabrics." Materials Science and Engineering: C 99, no. : 241-247.

Book chapter
Published: 02 March 2018 in Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion
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ACS Style

Michele Ferrari; Francesca Cirisano. Hydrophobicity and Superhydrophobicity in Fouling Prevention in Sea Environment. Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion 2018, 241 -265.

AMA Style

Michele Ferrari, Francesca Cirisano. Hydrophobicity and Superhydrophobicity in Fouling Prevention in Sea Environment. Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion. 2018; ():241-265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Ferrari; Francesca Cirisano. 2018. "Hydrophobicity and Superhydrophobicity in Fouling Prevention in Sea Environment." Advances in Contact Angle, Wettability and Adhesion , no. : 241-265.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2017 in Materials Science and Engineering: C
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It is well known that composition, electric charge, wettability and roughness of implant surfaces have great influence on their interaction with the biological fluids and tissues, but systematic studies of different materials in the same experimental conditions are still lacking in the scientific literature. The aim of this research is to investigate the correlations between some surface characteristics (wettability, zeta potential and hydroxylation degree) and the biological response (protein adsorption, blood wettability, cell and bacterial adhesion) to some model biomaterials. The resulting knowledge can be applied for the development of future innovative surfaces for implantable biomaterials. Roughness was not considered as a variable because it is a widely explored feature: smooth surfaces prepared by a controlled protocol were compared in order to have no roughness effects. Three oxides (ZrO, AlO, SiO), three metals (316LSS steel, Ti, Nb) and two polymers (corona treated polystyrene for cell culture and untreated polystyrene for bacteria culture), widely used for biomedical applications, were considered. The surfaces were characterized by contact profilometry, SEM-EDS, XPS, FTIR, zeta potential and wettability with different fluids. Protein adsorption, blood wettability, bacterial and cell adhesion were evaluated in order to investigate the correlations between the surface physiochemical properties and biological responses. From a methodological standpoint, XPS and electrokinetic measurements emerged as the more suitable techniques respectively for the evaluation of hydroxylation degree and surface charge/isoelectric point. Moreover, determination of wettability by blood appeared a specific and crucial test, the results of which are not easily predictable by using other type of tests. Hydroxylation degree resulted correlated to the wettability by water, but not directly to surface charge. Wetting tests with different media showed the possibility to highlight some differences among look-alike materials. A dependence of protein absorption on hydroxylation degree, charge and wettability was evidenced and its maximum was registered for surfaces with low wettability in both water based and protein containing media and a moderate surface charge. As far as bacterial adhesion is concerned, no effect of surface charge or protein adsorption was evidenced, while the presence of a high acid component of the surface energy appeared significant. Finally, the combination of hydroxylation degree, wettability, surface charge and energy (polar component) emerged as a key parameter for cell adhesion and viability.

ACS Style

S. Spriano; V. Sarath Chandra; Andrea Cochis; F. Uberti; Lia Rimondini; Elisa Bertone; A. Vitale; Cristina Scolaro; M. Ferrari; Francesca Cirisano; Giovanna Maria Gautier di Confiengo; S. Ferraris. How do wettability, zeta potential and hydroxylation degree affect the biological response of biomaterials? Materials Science and Engineering: C 2017, 74, 542 -555.

AMA Style

S. Spriano, V. Sarath Chandra, Andrea Cochis, F. Uberti, Lia Rimondini, Elisa Bertone, A. Vitale, Cristina Scolaro, M. Ferrari, Francesca Cirisano, Giovanna Maria Gautier di Confiengo, S. Ferraris. How do wettability, zeta potential and hydroxylation degree affect the biological response of biomaterials? Materials Science and Engineering: C. 2017; 74 ():542-555.

Chicago/Turabian Style

S. Spriano; V. Sarath Chandra; Andrea Cochis; F. Uberti; Lia Rimondini; Elisa Bertone; A. Vitale; Cristina Scolaro; M. Ferrari; Francesca Cirisano; Giovanna Maria Gautier di Confiengo; S. Ferraris. 2017. "How do wettability, zeta potential and hydroxylation degree affect the biological response of biomaterials?" Materials Science and Engineering: C 74, no. : 542-555.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
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ACS Style

Francesca Cirisano; Alessandro Benedetti; Libero Liggieri; Francesca Ravera; Eva Santini; Michele Ferrari. Amphiphobic coatings for antifouling in marine environment. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2016, 505, 158 -164.

AMA Style

Francesca Cirisano, Alessandro Benedetti, Libero Liggieri, Francesca Ravera, Eva Santini, Michele Ferrari. Amphiphobic coatings for antifouling in marine environment. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2016; 505 ():158-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Francesca Cirisano; Alessandro Benedetti; Libero Liggieri; Francesca Ravera; Eva Santini; Michele Ferrari. 2016. "Amphiphobic coatings for antifouling in marine environment." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 505, no. : 158-164.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
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Superhydrophobic coating technology is regarded as an attractive possibility for the protection of materials in a sea environment. DC techniques are a useful tool to characterize metals' behavior in seawater in the presence/absence of coatings and/or corrosion inhibitors. In this work, investigations concerning Al-5%Mg alloy with and without a sprayed superhydrophobic coating were carried out with potentiodynamic scans in photobiologically active and not active seawater (3 weeks of immersion). In not photobiologically active seawater, the presence of the superhydrophobic coating did not prevent pitting corrosion. With time, the coating underwent local exfoliations, but intact areas still preserved superhydrophobicity. In photobiologically active seawater, on samples without the superhydrophobic coating (controls) pitting was inhibited, probably due to the adsorption of organic compounds produced by the photobiological activity. After 3 weeks of immersion, the surface of the coating became hydrophilic due to diatom coverage. As suggested by intermediate observations, the surface below the diatom layer is suspected of having lost its superhydrophobicity due to early stages of biofouling processes (organic molecule adsorption and diatom attachment/gliding). Polarization curves also revealed that the metal below the coating underwent corrosion inhibiting phenomena as observed in controls, likely due to the permeation of organic molecules through the coating. Hence, the initial biofouling stages (days) occurring in photobiologically active seawater can both accelerate the loss of superhydrophobicity of coatings and promote corrosion inhibition on the underlying metal. Finally, time durability of superhydrophobic surfaces in real seawater still remains the main challenge for applications, where the early stages of immersion are demonstrated to be of crucial importance.

ACS Style

Alessandro Benedetti; Francesca Cirisano; Marina Delucchi; Marco Faimali; Michele Ferrari. Potentiodynamic study of Al–Mg alloy with superhydrophobic coating in photobiologically active/not active natural seawater. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2016, 137, 167 -175.

AMA Style

Alessandro Benedetti, Francesca Cirisano, Marina Delucchi, Marco Faimali, Michele Ferrari. Potentiodynamic study of Al–Mg alloy with superhydrophobic coating in photobiologically active/not active natural seawater. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2016; 137 ():167-175.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alessandro Benedetti; Francesca Cirisano; Marina Delucchi; Marco Faimali; Michele Ferrari. 2016. "Potentiodynamic study of Al–Mg alloy with superhydrophobic coating in photobiologically active/not active natural seawater." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 137, no. : 167-175.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces
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Phenothiazine derivatives are non-antibiotics with antimicrobial, fungistatic and fungicidal effects. We exposed to a high energy UV laser beam phenothiazines solutions in water at 20mg/mL concentration to increase antibacterial activity of resulting mixtures. Compared to previous results obtained on bacteria, more research is needed about UV laser irradiated phenothiazines applications on cancer cell cultures to evidence possible anticancerous properties. Evaluation of the safety of the newly obtained photoproducts in view of use on humans is also needed. Due to expensive animal testing in toxicology and pressure from general public and governments to develop alternatives to in vivo testing, in vitro cell-based models are attractive for preliminary testing of new materials. Cytotoxicity screening reported here shows that laser irradiated (4h exposure time length) chlorpromazine and promazine are more efficient against some cell cultures. Interaction of laser irradiated phenothiazines with fabrics show that promethazine and chlorpromazine have improved wetting properties. Correlation of these two groups of properties shows that chlorpromazine appears to be more recommended for applications on tissues using fabrics as transport vectors. The reported results concern stability study of phenothiazines water solutions to know the time limits within which they are stable and may be used.

ACS Style

M. Carmen Morán; Tatiana Tozar; Agota Simon; Andra Dinache; Adriana Smarandache; Ionut Relu Andrei; Mihai Boni; Mihail Lucian Pascu; Francesca Cirisano; Michele Ferrari. Toxicity study in blood and tumor cells of laser produced medicines for application in fabrics. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 2016, 137, 91 -103.

AMA Style

M. Carmen Morán, Tatiana Tozar, Agota Simon, Andra Dinache, Adriana Smarandache, Ionut Relu Andrei, Mihai Boni, Mihail Lucian Pascu, Francesca Cirisano, Michele Ferrari. Toxicity study in blood and tumor cells of laser produced medicines for application in fabrics. Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces. 2016; 137 ():91-103.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Carmen Morán; Tatiana Tozar; Agota Simon; Andra Dinache; Adriana Smarandache; Ionut Relu Andrei; Mihai Boni; Mihail Lucian Pascu; Francesca Cirisano; Michele Ferrari. 2016. "Toxicity study in blood and tumor cells of laser produced medicines for application in fabrics." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 137, no. : 91-103.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2015 in Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects
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ACS Style

Michele Ferrari; Alessandro Benedetti; Eva Santini; Francesca Ravera; Libero Liggieri; Eduardo Guzman; Francesca Cirisano. Biofouling control by superhydrophobic surfaces in shallow euphotic seawater. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 2015, 480, 369 -375.

AMA Style

Michele Ferrari, Alessandro Benedetti, Eva Santini, Francesca Ravera, Libero Liggieri, Eduardo Guzman, Francesca Cirisano. Biofouling control by superhydrophobic surfaces in shallow euphotic seawater. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. 2015; 480 ():369-375.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michele Ferrari; Alessandro Benedetti; Eva Santini; Francesca Ravera; Libero Liggieri; Eduardo Guzman; Francesca Cirisano. 2015. "Biofouling control by superhydrophobic surfaces in shallow euphotic seawater." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 480, no. : 369-375.