Due to the extensive demand for digital images across all fields, the security of multimedia data over insecure networks is a challenging task. The majority of the existing modern encryption schemes are merely developed that ensure the confidentiality of the image data. This manuscript presents a new image encryption scheme that ensures confidentiality, user authentications, and secure key sharing among the communicating parties. Initially, the users share a secret parameter using Diffie-Hellman over the elliptic curve and pass it through SHA-256. Afterwards, the proposed scheme uses the first 128-bits for the confidentiality of the data, while the remaining 128-bits are for authentication. In the encryption algorithm, the confusion module is achieved by affine power affine transformation. At the same time, the diffusion module is attained through highly nonlinear sequences, which are generated through the elliptic curve. Experimental testing and the latest available security tools are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. The simulation findings and the comparison of the proposed scheme with the existing image encryption techniques reveal that the suggested scheme offers a sufficient degree of security. Furthermore, the outcome of the simulation results divulges several advantages of the proposed scheme, including a large key space, resistance to differential attacks, high efficiency, and strong statistical performance.

In current years many chaos-based Substitution boxes (S-boxes) have been proposed. Recently, an image encryption technique based on multiple chaotic S-box was offered. This encryption method was based on the concept of confusion only produced by the implementation of the S-box. The concept of confusion utilized in the understudy technique can be smashed by using just one chosen-plaintext attack and a chosen-ciphertext attack. This article presents a detailed structure of two types of cryptographic attacks on the diffusion-based encryption scheme. The proposed attacks are successfully performed to retrieve the key with very little execution time by using just one chosen image which indicates the vulnerability of multiple chaotic S-boxes-based cryptosystems. The retrieved data is passed through some statistical analysis such as correlation, histogram, and entropy to check the correctness of recovered data.

In the new era of cryptography, Substitution Boxes (S-Boxes) are very important to raise confusion in cipher text and the security of encryption directly depends on the algebraic strength of S-box. To avoid a hacker attack, researchers are focusing on creating dynamic S-boxes that are much stronger. The dominating concept for developing S-boxes is linear fractional transformation. In this article, we proposed a novel technique to generate cryptographically strong S-box by using fractional transformation based on finite field. The substitute box is constructed in two phases. Firstly, general form of dynamic fractional transformation designed which work for odd exponents in the range [1-255]. The S-box is then constructed using quantic fractional transformation as an example. Secondly, in order to increase the unpredictability of proposed S-box, we use the symmetric group’s S ₂₅₆ permutation. The usefulness of the constructed S-box was also tested using several criteria such as nonlinearity, differential uniformity, strict avalanche criteria, linear approximation probability and bit independence criteria. To assess the reliability of S-box, its performance outcomes are compared to those of previously developed S-boxes. Furthermore, we utilized the suggested S-Box to the image encryption approach. Then, to determine the effectiveness of the encryption scheme, use several tests such as contrast, correlation, homogeneity, entropy, and energy. We have compared our results with different algorithms which ensured that the proposed strategy for ciphered image is excellent.

The q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set is an advanced leeway of orthopair fuzzy sets, such as intuitionistic fuzzy soft set (IFSS) and Pythagorean fuzzy soft set (PFSS). The very lax requirement gives the evaluators excessive freedom to express their beliefs about membership degrees and non-membership degrees, making q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft set (q-ROFSS) have a broad scope of application in practical life. Considering the interaction, this paper will develop some novel operational laws for q- rung orthopair fuzzy soft numbers (q-ROFSNs). Some aggregation operators (AOs) such as q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft interactive weighted average (q-ROFSIWA) and q-rung orthopair fuzzy soft interactive weighted geometric (q-ROFSIWG) operators have been introduced. Also, we will prove some desirable properties such as idempotency, boundedness, and homogeneity for q-ROFSIWA and q-ROFSIWG operators. Multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) plays a vital role to deals with the complications in manufacturing design for material selection. But, the prevailing MCDM methods habitually deliver incompatible outcomes. Based on the projected interactive aggregation operators, a robust MCDM method is planned for material selection in manufacturing design to accommodate this drawback. Furthermore, a comprehensive comparative analysis has been presented to confirm the pragmatism and validity of the proposed technique with some already available methods. The obtained outcomes through comparative studies show that our developed method is more efficient than existing approaches.

The nonlinear transformation concedes as S‐box which is responsible for the certainty of contemporary block ciphers. Many kinds of S‐boxes are planned by various authors in the literature. Construction of S‐box with a powerful cryptographic analysis is the vital step in scheming block cipher. Through this paper, we give more powerful and worthy S‐boxes and compare their characteristics with some previous S‐boxes employed in cryptography. The algorithm program planned in this paper applies the action of projective general linear group PGL(2, GF(2⁸)) on Galois field GF(2⁸). The proposed S‐boxes are constructed by using Mobius transformation and elements of Galois field. By using this approach, we will encrypt an image which is the preeminent application of S‐boxes. These S‐boxes offer a strong algebraic quality and powerful confusion capability. We have tested the strength of the proposed S‐boxes by using different tests, BIC, SAC, DP, LP, and nonlinearity. Furthermore, we have applied these S‐boxes in image encryption scheme. To check the strength of image encryption scheme, we have calculated contrast, entropy, correlation, energy, and homogeneity. The results assured that the proposed scheme is better. The advantage of this scheme is that we can secure our confidential image data during transmission.

In the modern block cipher, the substitution box (S-box) is a nonlinear constituent that plays a substantial role to create the confusion in ciphertext. S-boxes with low value of differential uniformity and high value of nonlinearity are considered more secure against cryptanalysis attacks. For the construction of 8×8 S-boxes, an efficient and novel scheme is presented in this paper. This scheme based on polynomial mapped and finite field which work only for even integers without multiple of 4 in the range (2-254). Firstly, we take a quadratic polynomial mapped for the construction of S-box from the newly designed map. To keep the S-box bijective, swap each missing entries with repeating entries after that we acquire the initial box. Secondly, to increase the randomness of initial S-box special permutations of symmetric group S ₂₅₆ used and generated the proposed S-box. Lastly, to examine the validity of the suggested S-box we used various tests such as nonlinearity (NL), bit independence criteria (BIC), strict avalanche criteria (SAC), differential uniformity (DU) and linear approximation probability (LAP) which all certify algebraic properties of S-box. Moreover, the features of newly constructed S-box compared with recent S-boxes from literature which show superior performance against intruders’ attacks. Further, S-box is utilized in image encryption scheme and apply MLC (majority logic criterion) and histogram analysis to examined the encryption quality. Our results shows that proposed S-box based encryption scheme is very good as compared to other encryption methods.