O presente estudo abordou a existência e as principais características de vinte resíduos de fibras vegetais, resultantes de processos agroindustriais, voltados para a obtenção de oito diferentes tipos de fibras comerciais. Com base em critérios de seleção inicialmente estabelecidos, foram identificados seis resíduos de maior interesse. Os resultados indicaram a potencialidade do seu emprego, no reforço de matrizes frágeis, à base de cimento Portland, para aumento de sua ductilidade. Telhas produzidas a partir de compósitos reforçados com fibras residuais de sisal "baler twine", coco, polpa de eucalipto, malva e banana, além de combinação entre fibras de coco e polpa de eucalipto, resistiram a cargas na flexão, superiores a 680 N, em conformidade com especificações internacionais.

RESUMO Em algumas construções são necessárias intervenções para restabelecer ou aumentar a capacidade de suporte da estrutura antes de atingir um estado limite. Os Polímeros Reforçados com Fibra de Carbono (CFRP) são um dos mais adequados como elemento de reforço estrutural por ser um material de alto desempenho mecânico e elevado módulo de elasticidade, resistência à fadiga e baixo peso específico. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a eficiência de materiais compósitos de Polímeros Reforçados com Fibras de Carbono (CFRP) como reforço estrutural em vigas de concreto armado, por meio de ensaios experimentais e simulação numérica. Nos ensaios, a armadura da viga de concreto foi dimensionada com resistência insuficiente ao cisalhamento. Nas vigas de referência, inicialmente, surgiram fissuras de cisalhamento, e em seguida as vigas romperam-se à flexão. Nas vigas com CRFP, que foram dimensionadas como reforço ao cisalhamento, as vigas não apresentaram fissuras de cisalhamento e romperam à flexão. Não houve acréscimo significativo da carga máxima. Em apenas uma viga houve o descolamento da fibra de carbono em um dos bordos da estrutura, mostrando boa eficiência do adesivo utilizado. As simulações numéricas foram realizadas utilizando o Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF) no software ANSYS 18.1. Os resultados obtidos no modelo numérico ficaram próximos aos resultados experimentais.

In civil construction, β-hemihydrate pastes have been used as decorative ornaments, plasterboards, dry-wall and renderings. The application procedure of β-hemihydrate pastes for rendering generates large amounts of waste due to its hydration kinetics. Waste production also occurs due to the technique of preparation and application of this material. It is essential to minimize gypsum waste. The aim of this work was to quantify the amount of gypsum waste produced by the process of using it as renderings. It was observed the influence of workers applying pastes rendering on gypsum waste production. The application process of plaster renderings was followed measuring the waste generated and the time for finishing the process was also observed. Results pointed out waste production values in the range between 16% and 47%. The application technique influences the amount of waste production.

This paper presents a study with concretes produced with natural aggregates, recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and waste porcelain aggregates (WPA). The study analyzed the influence of recycled aggregates in the mechanical properties of conventional concretes and evaluated the difference between measured and predicted values of elasticity modulus. The incorporation of WPA in concrete showed better mechanical results compared to the concretes produced with RCA. Measured elasticity moduli were lower than moduli predicted by NBR 6118:2014 and fib Model Code 2010, while measured results were greater than values predicted by Eurocode 2:2004 and ACI 318:2014, as expected, which indicated the safety of the latter two standards.

The use of synthetic materials with high corrosion resistance in a concrete matrix yields structures that are more durable and suitable for use in aggressive environments, eliminating the need for frequent maintenance. Examples of such materials include glass (GFRP) and basalt (BFRP) fiber-reinforced polymer bars (FRP). Due to the low modulus of elasticity of these bars, concrete elements reinforced with FRP longitudinal rebars tend to exhibit cracks with wider openings and greater depths compared to those reinforced with steel rebars, which diminishes the element’s shear resistance. The addition of discontinuous fibers into the concrete aims to maintain stress transfer across the cracks, thereby enhancing the shear capacity and ductility of FRP-reinforced structures. This study evaluates the impact of fiber addition on the shear resistance of concrete beams reinforced with FRP rebars. An experimental investigation was conducted, focusing on the partial and complete substitution of stirrups with polypropylene macro fibers in concrete beams reinforced with FRP longitudinal rebars and stirrups. This research examined beams reinforced with glass (GFRP) and basalt (BFRP) fiber-reinforced polymer bars. For the initial set of beams, all stirrups were replaced with synthetic macro fibers. In the subsequent set, macro fibers were added to beams with insufficient stirrups. Although the complete replacement of GFRP and BFRP stirrups with polypropylene macro fibers did not alter the brittle shear failure mode, it did enhance the shear resistance capacity by 78.5% for GFRP-reinforced beams and 60.4% for BFRP-reinforced beams. Furthermore, the addition of macro fibers to beams with insufficient stirrups, characterized by excessive spacing, changed the failure mode from brittle shear to pseudo-ductile flexural failure due to concrete crushing. In such instances, the failure load increased by 18.8% for beams with GFRP bars and 22.8% for beams with BFRP bars.