Handwritten digits recognition is an area of machine learning, in which a machine is trained to identify handwritten digits. One method of achieving this is with decision tree classification model. A decision tree classification is a machine learning approach that uses the predefined labels from the past known sets to determine or predict the classes of the future data sets where the class labels are unknown. In this paper we have used the standard kaggle digits dataset for recognition of handwritten digits using a decision tree classification approach. And we have evaluated the accuracy of the model against each digit from 0 to 9.

In recent years, machine learning is attaining higher precision and accuracy in clinical heart disease dataset classification. However, literature shows that the quality of heart disease feature used for the training model has a significant impact on the outcome of the predictive model. Thus, this study focuses on exploring the impact of the quality of heart disease features on the performance of the machine learning model on heart disease prediction by employing recursive feature elimination with cross-validation (RFECV). Furthermore, the study explores heart disease features with a significant effect on model output. The dataset for experimentation is obtained from the University of California Irvine (UCI) machine learning dataset. The experiment is implemented using a support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), decision tree (DT), and random forest (RF) are employed. The performance of the SVM, LR, DT, and RF models. The result appears to prove that the quality of the feature significantly affects the performance of the model. Overall, the experiment proves that RF outperforms as compared to other algorithms. In conclusion, the predictive accuracy of 99.7% is achieved with RF.

This study develops an automated liver disease detection system using a support vector machine and random forest detection techniques. These techniques are trained on data containing the information collected from the Mayo Clinic trial in primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) of the liver conducted between 1974 and 1984. The proposed system can detect the presence of liver disease in the test set. The random forest model is used for recursive feature elimination at the pre-processing stage and the support vector machine is trained on the optimal feature set. The experimental result shows that the proposed support vector machine (SVM) model has achieved 78.3% accuracy.

Diabetes is one of the quickly spreading chronic diseases causing health complications, such as diabetes retinopathy, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease. Recently, machine-learning techniques have been widely applied to develop a model for the early prediction of diabetes. Due to its simplicity and generalization capability, K-nearest neighbor (KNN) has been one of the widely employed machine learning techniques for diabetes prediction. Early diabetes prediction has a significant role in managing and preventing complications associated with diabetes, such as retinopathy, kidney failure, and cardiovascular disease. However, the prediction of diabetes in the early stage has remained challenging due to the accuracy and reliability of the KNN model. Thus, gird search hyperparameter optimization is employed to tune the K values of the KNN model to improve its effectiveness in predicting diabetes. The developed hyperparameter-tuned KNN model was tested on the diabetes dataset collected from the UCI machine learning data repository. The dataset contains 768 instances and 8 features. The study applied Min-max scaling to scale the data before fitting it to the KNN model. The result revealed KNN model performance improves when the hyperparameter is tuned. With hyperparameter tuning, the accuracy of KNN improves by 5.29% accuracy achieving 82.5% overall accuracy for predicting diabetes in the early stage. Therefore, the developed KNN model applied to clinical decision-making in predicting diabetes at an early stage. The early identification of diabetes could aid in early intervention, personalized treatment plans, or reducing healthcare costs reducing associated risks such as retinopathy, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disease.

Machine-learning approaches have become greatly applicable in disease diagnosis and prediction process. This is because of the accuracy and better precision of the machine learning models in disease prediction. However, different machine learning models have different accuracy and precision on disease prediction. Selecting the better model that would result in better disease prediction accuracy and precision is an open research problem. In this study, we have proposed machine learning model for liver disease prediction using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) learning algorithms and we have evaluated the accuracy and precision of the models on liver disease prediction using the Indian liver disease data repository. The analysis of result showed 82.90% accuracy for SVM and 72.64% accuracy for the KNN algorithm. Based on the accuracy score of SVM and KNN on experimental test results, the SVM is better in performance on the liver disease prediction than the KNN algorithm.