This paper aims to establish confidence intervals of the quantification of brightness enhancement effects resulting from the use of pulsing bright light. It is found that the methods used so far may yield significant bias in the published results, overestimating or underestimating the enhancement effect. The authors propose to use a linear algebra method called the total least squares. Upon an example dataset, it is shown that this method does not yield biased results. The statistical significance of the results is also computed. It is concluded over an observation set that the currently used linear algebra methods present many patterns of noise sensitivity. Changing algorithm details leads to inconsistent results. It is thus recommended to use the method with the lowest noise sensitivity. Moreover, it is shown that this method also permits one to obtain an estimate of the confidence interval. This paper neither aims to publish results about a particular experiment nor to draw any particular conclusion about existence or nonexistence of the brightness enhancement effect.

This article aims to assess specifically the effects of measurement noise on the evaluation of the flicker metrics defined in IEEE Standard 1789-2015. To this end, we compare two analytical approaches and Monte Carlo simulations w.r.t. their ability to cope with natural bias of Flicker Percent and to estimate its measurement uncertainty. Two similar datasets from laboratory experiment representing luminous fluctuations of fluorescent light are considered. Recommendations on how to safely evaluate Percent Flicker and Flicker Index are given based on the hereby presented work.

This article describes an experimental setup for performing brightness matching experiments with pulsed and steady light. The framework is about revisiting and confirming the Talbot-Plateau (TP) law for light with steep changes. Experiments are designed for pulses at 100 Hz with 25% duty cycle. The light levels are in the photopic range. The first experiment results are displayed and evaluated. It is concluded that the TP law can neither be proved nor disproved based on our data, and that the experimental procedure fails to provide repeatable results in its current state, suggesting other approaches have to be tried.

The standard flickermeter (voltage flickermeter) algorithm commonly used for the evaluation of flicker severity in current electromagnetic compatibility standards originates from the 1980 s. It was developed to mimic irritation of an average human observer by flickering incandescent lamp as a reference light source and optimized to voltage fluctuations caused by arc furnaces. However, the algorithm is questionable as the situation in the grid changed since the 1980 s; many modern devices are being connected to the grid, creating voltage distortion patterns which are not properly recognized by the voltage flickermeter. In addition, incandescent lamps have been largely replaced by discharge lamps and later by LEDs. Transitioning the algorithm from incandescent lamp light to LED light requires detailed revision of every part of the algorithm. This paper is concerned with verifying the frequency weighting function of the average human observer which is one of the bases of the voltage flickermeter, as well as of the derived light flickermeter. Flicker sensitivity of 34 human observers is measured with two different light sources (LED warm and neutral white, incandescent lamp) and compared with the frequency weighting function used in the current specification of the flickermeters in standards. Finally, an optimization of the weighting function is proposed based on the findings.

Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is an essential requirement for the disturbance‐free operation of equipment connected to electricity networks. The process of EMC coordination always starts with a detailed characterisation of the interference mechanism that has to be protected. Based on this characterisation, appropriate indices for the quantification of the mechanism have to be introduced. Finally, based on these indices, compatibility levels, immunity testing procedures, including test levels and emission limits, are established that form the best possible trade‐off of sharing costs, risks and responsibilities between all involved stakeholders. Recently, flicker in LED lamps caused by interharmonic distortion was identified as a new interference mechanism which is not yet covered by the existing EMC coordination in the IEC 61000 series of standards. This article proposes a novel EMC coordination framework to address this interference mechanism. It shall serve as information for standardisation committees in IEC TC77/SC77A and IEC TC34 to extend or update the relevant standards. The article follows the process for EMC coordination for this new mechanism, starting from a detailed characterisation of it, proceeding to define suitable indices and measurement methods to capture it and finally proposing compatibility levels, immunity testing procedures, test levels and emission limits.