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Boron (B) is an essential micronutrient in the growth of reproductive plant parts. Its deficiency and/or toxicity are widespread in arid and semi-arid soils with low clay contents. This study was planned to determine the response of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L., non-leguminous crop) and cowpea (Vigna sinensis L., leguminous crop) to boron (0, 2, 4, and 16 µg g−1) on four distinct soil series from Punjab, Pakistan i.e., Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region), Typic Torrifluvent (Shahdra region), Halic Camborthid (Khurianwala region), and Udic Haplustalf (Gujranwala region). Overall, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in yield between the sorghum (3.8 to 5.5 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) and cowpea (0.2 to 3.2 g pot−1 of 5 kg dry soil) in response to B application. The highest yield was observed in both sorghum and cowpea either in control or at 2 µg g−1 B application in all four soils. Cowpea showed the same yield trend in all four soils (i.e., an increase in yield at 2 µg g−1 B application, followed by a significant decrease at the higher B levels). In contrast, sorghum exhibited greater variability of response on different soils; Udic Haplustalf (Pindorian region) produced the greatest yield at low levels of B application. However, Halic Camborthid produced its lowest yield at that level. Boron concentration in shoots increased with the levels of B application, particularly in sorghum. In cowpea, the plant growth was extremely retarded—and most of the plants died at higher levels of B application even if a lower concentration of B was measured within the shoot. Hot water-extractable B was the most available fraction for cowpea (R2 = 0.96), whereas the easily exchangeable B was most available for sorghum (R2 = 0.90). Overall, these results have implications for micronutrient uptake for both leguminous and non-leguminous crops.
Muhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability 2021, 13, 4192 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Javed, Zaffar Malik, Muhammad Kamran, Ghulam Abbasi, Asma Majeed, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Bukhari, Adnan Mustafa, Sunny Ahmar, Freddy Mora-Poblete, Muhammad Rafay, Syed Bukhari. Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (8):4192.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Javed; Zaffar Malik; Muhammad Kamran; Ghulam Abbasi; Asma Majeed; Muhammad Riaz; Muhammad Bukhari; Adnan Mustafa; Sunny Ahmar; Freddy Mora-Poblete; Muhammad Rafay; Syed Bukhari. 2021. "Assessing Yield Response and Relationship of Soil Boron Fractions with Its Accumulation in Sorghum and Cowpea under Boron Fertilization in Different Soil Series." Sustainability 13, no. 8: 4192.
Hexokinase (HK) is a key enzyme in chitin biosynthesis in insects and plays an important role in development and energy regulation. It also performs a crucial role in the synthesis of Glucose-6-phosphate and its putative functions are studied via injection of dsRNA corresponding to the hexokinase gene from Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (CmHK). This study was designed to analyze the characteristics and expression patterns of HK-related genes in various tissues of C. medinalis at different developmental stages. The CmHK ORF is a 1359 bp in length, encoding a protein of 452 amino acids, with homology and cluster analysis showing that CmHK shares an 85.11% sequence similarity with hexokinase from Ostrinia furnacalis.CmHK was highly expressed in the ovary and in the fifth instar larvae. Injection of dsCmHK significantly suppressed mRNA expression (73.6%) 120 h post-dsRNA injection as compared to a control group. The results demonstrated an increased incidence of larval and pupal mortality of 80% and 78%, respectively, with significant variation in the sex ratio between males (68.33%) and females (35%), overt larval deformities, and a reduction in average weight gain observed 120 h post-dsRNA injection. In addition, dsCmHK-injected C. medinalis showed a significant reduction in ovulation per female and larval hatching rate, along with increased larval and pupal mortality and variation in male and female emergence over three generations (G1, G2, and G3). Taken together, the outcomes of the study provide a foundation to study gene function and a new dimension to control C. medinalis by transgenic RNAi technology.
Muhammad Shakeel; Juan Du; Shang-Wei Li; Yuan-Jin Zhou; Naeem Sarwar; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari. Characterization, Knockdown and Parental Effect of Hexokinase Gene of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Revealed by RNA Interference. Genes 2020, 11, 1258 .
AMA StyleMuhammad Shakeel, Juan Du, Shang-Wei Li, Yuan-Jin Zhou, Naeem Sarwar, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari. Characterization, Knockdown and Parental Effect of Hexokinase Gene of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Revealed by RNA Interference. Genes. 2020; 11 (11):1258.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMuhammad Shakeel; Juan Du; Shang-Wei Li; Yuan-Jin Zhou; Naeem Sarwar; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari. 2020. "Characterization, Knockdown and Parental Effect of Hexokinase Gene of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) Revealed by RNA Interference." Genes 11, no. 11: 1258.
Two oilseed rape genotypes (Jiu-Er-13XI and Zheyou-50), differing in seed oil content, were subjected to cadmium (Cd) stress in hydroponic experiment. Genotypic differences were observed in terms of tolerance to Cd exposure. Cd treatment negatively affected both genotypes, but the effects were more devastating in Jiu-Er-13XI (low seed oil content) than in Zheyou-50 (high seed oil content). Jiu-Er-13XI accumulated more reactive oxygen species (ROS), which destroyed chloroplast structure and decreased photosynthetic pigments, than Zheyou-50. Total fatty acids, especially 18:2 and 18:3, severely decreased as suggested by increase in MDA content. Roots and shoots of Jiu-Er-13XI plants accumulated more Cd content, while less amount of tocopherol (Toc) was observed under Cd stress, than Zheyou-50. Conversely, Zheyou-50 was less affected by Cd stress than its counterpart. It accumulated comparatively less amount of Cd in roots and shoots, along with reduced accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and ROS under Cd stress, than Jiu-Er-13XI. Further, the level of Toc, especially α-Tocopherol, was much higher in Zheyou-50 than in Jiu-Er-13XI, which was also supported by high expression of Toc biosynthesis genes in Zheyou-50 during early hours. Toc not only restricted the absorption of Cd by roots and its translocation to shoot but also scavenged the ROS generated during oxidative stresses. The low level of MDA shows that polyunsaturated fatty acids in chloroplast membranes remained intact. In the present study the tolerance of Zheyou-50 to Cd stress, over Jiu-Er-13XI, is attributed to the activities of Toc. This study shows that plants with high seed oil content are tolerant to Cd stress due to high production of Toc.
Essa Ali; Zeshan Hassan; Muhammad Irfan; Shabir Hussain; Haseeb-Ur- Rehman; Jawad Munawar Shah; Ahmad Naeem Shahzad; Murtaza Ali; Saad Alkahtani; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Shafaqat Ali. Indigenous Tocopherol Improves Tolerance of Oilseed Rape to Cadmium Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 547133 .
AMA StyleEssa Ali, Zeshan Hassan, Muhammad Irfan, Shabir Hussain, Haseeb-Ur- Rehman, Jawad Munawar Shah, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad, Murtaza Ali, Saad Alkahtani, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Shafaqat Ali. Indigenous Tocopherol Improves Tolerance of Oilseed Rape to Cadmium Stress. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():547133.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEssa Ali; Zeshan Hassan; Muhammad Irfan; Shabir Hussain; Haseeb-Ur- Rehman; Jawad Munawar Shah; Ahmad Naeem Shahzad; Murtaza Ali; Saad Alkahtani; Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Shafaqat Ali. 2020. "Indigenous Tocopherol Improves Tolerance of Oilseed Rape to Cadmium Stress." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 547133.
Ratooning is an important cultivation practice in sugarcane production around the world, with underground buds on the remaining stalk acting as the source for establishment of a subsequent ratoon crop. However, the optimal depth of cutting during harvest in terms of yield and root growth remains unknown. We carried out a two-year field study to determine the effects of three cutting depths (0, 5 and 10 cm below the surface) ratoon cane root and yield. Results showed that cutting to a depth of 5 cm increased the root fresh weight and root volume by 32-40% and 49-85%, respectively, compared to cutting depths of 0 and 10 cm. Remarkably, cutting to a depth of 5 cm also had a significant effect on the development of fine roots, which is closely linked to cane yield. The effect was particularly noticeable in terms of two root traits, root volume and the surface area of roots with a diameter of 1.0-2.0mm, and root length and the number of root tips in roots with a diameter of 0-0.5mm. As a result, a cutting depth of 5 cm below the surface increased cane yield by 35 and 25% compared to depths of 0 and 10 cm below the surface, respectively. Overall, these findings suggest that a cutting depth of 5 cm is optimal in terms of sugarcane yield, largely due to the enhanced effect on root traits, especially the development of fine roots. These findings will help optimize sugarcane ratoon management and improve the ratoon cycle.
Yue-Bin Zhang; Shao-Lin Yang; Jun Deng; Ru-Dan Li; Xian Fan; Jing-Mei Dao; Yi-Ji Quan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Zhao-Hai Zeng. Effect of cutting depth during sugarcane harvest on root characteristics and yield. 2020, 1 .
AMA StyleYue-Bin Zhang, Shao-Lin Yang, Jun Deng, Ru-Dan Li, Xian Fan, Jing-Mei Dao, Yi-Ji Quan, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Zhao-Hai Zeng. Effect of cutting depth during sugarcane harvest on root characteristics and yield. . 2020; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYue-Bin Zhang; Shao-Lin Yang; Jun Deng; Ru-Dan Li; Xian Fan; Jing-Mei Dao; Yi-Ji Quan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Zhao-Hai Zeng. 2020. "Effect of cutting depth during sugarcane harvest on root characteristics and yield." , no. : 1.
Flax (Linum usitatissimum) is a member of family linaceae with annual growth habit. It is included among those crops which were domesticated very early and has been used in development related studies as a model plant. In plants, Calmodulin-binding transcription activators (CAMTAs) comprise a unique set of Calmodulin-binding proteins. To elucidate the transport mechanism of secondary metabolites in flax, a genome-based study on these transporters was performed. The current investigation identified nine CAMTAs proteins, classified into three categories during phylogenetic analysis. Each group had significant evolutionary role as illustrated by the conservation of gene structures, protein domains and motif organizations over the distinctive phylogenetic classes. GO annotation suggested a link to sequence-specific DNA and protein binding, response to low temperature and transcription regulation by RNA polymerase II. The existence of different hormonal and stress responsive cis-regulatory elements in promotor region may directly correlate with the variation of their transcripts. MicroRNA target analysis revealed that various groups of miRNA families targeted the LuCAMTAs genes. Identification of CAMTA genes, miRNA studies and phylogenetic analysis may open avenues to uncover the underlying functional mechanism of this important family of genes in flax.
Essa Ali; Mohammad Ammar Raza; Ming Cai; Nazim Hussain; Ahmad Naeem Shahzad; Mubshar Hussain; Murtaza Ali; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Peilong Sun. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) genes family: Genome-wide survey and phylogenetic analysis in flax (Linum usitatissimum). PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0236454 .
AMA StyleEssa Ali, Mohammad Ammar Raza, Ming Cai, Nazim Hussain, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad, Mubshar Hussain, Murtaza Ali, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Peilong Sun. Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) genes family: Genome-wide survey and phylogenetic analysis in flax (Linum usitatissimum). PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (7):e0236454.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEssa Ali; Mohammad Ammar Raza; Ming Cai; Nazim Hussain; Ahmad Naeem Shahzad; Mubshar Hussain; Murtaza Ali; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Peilong Sun. 2020. "Calmodulin-binding transcription activator (CAMTA) genes family: Genome-wide survey and phylogenetic analysis in flax (Linum usitatissimum)." PLOS ONE 15, no. 7: e0236454.
Drought is an important factor which limits growth of sugarcane. To elucidate the physiological and biochemical mechanisms of tolerance, a pot experiment was conducted at Sugarcane Research Institute, Kaiyuan, China. Two genotypes (Yuetang 93-159-sensitive and Yunzhe 05-51-tolerant), were subjected to three treatments; 70±5% (control), 50±5% (moderate drought) and 30±5% (severe drought) of soil field capacity. The results demonstrated that drought induced considerable decline in morpho-physiological, biochemical and anatomical parameters of both genotypes, with more pronounced detrimental effects on Yuetang 93–159 than on Yunzhe 05–51. Yunzhe 05–51 exhibited more tolerance by showing higher dry biomass, photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities. Compared with Yuetang 93–159, Yunzhe 05–51 exhibited higher soluble sugar, soluble protein and proline contents under stress. Yunzhe 05–51 illustrated comparatively well-composed chloroplast structure under drought stress. It is concluded that the tolerance of Yunzhe 05–51 was attributed to improved antioxidant activities, osmolyte accumulation and enhanced photosynthesis. These findings may provide valuable information for future studies on molecular mechanism of tolerance.
Yue-Bin Zhang; Shao-Lin Yang; Jing-Mei Dao; Jun Deng; Ahmad Naeem Shahzad; Xian Fan; Ru-Dan Li; Yi-Ji Quan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Zhao-Hai Zeng. Drought-induced alterations in photosynthetic, ultrastructural and biochemical traits of contrasting sugarcane genotypes. PLoS ONE 2020, 15, e0235845 .
AMA StyleYue-Bin Zhang, Shao-Lin Yang, Jing-Mei Dao, Jun Deng, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad, Xian Fan, Ru-Dan Li, Yi-Ji Quan, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Zhao-Hai Zeng. Drought-induced alterations in photosynthetic, ultrastructural and biochemical traits of contrasting sugarcane genotypes. PLoS ONE. 2020; 15 (7):e0235845.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYue-Bin Zhang; Shao-Lin Yang; Jing-Mei Dao; Jun Deng; Ahmad Naeem Shahzad; Xian Fan; Ru-Dan Li; Yi-Ji Quan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Zhao-Hai Zeng. 2020. "Drought-induced alterations in photosynthetic, ultrastructural and biochemical traits of contrasting sugarcane genotypes." PLoS ONE 15, no. 7: e0235845.
Heavy metals are rapidly polluting the environment as a result of growing industrialization and urbanization. The presence of high concentrations of chromium (Cr), along with other pollutants, is widespread in tannery wastewater. In Pakistan, as a result of a severe shortage of irrigation water, farmers use tannery wastewater to grow various crops with a consequent decline in plants’ yield. This experiment was performed to assess growth revival in sunflower plants irrigated with 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% tannery wastewater, by foliar application of 0, 2.5, and 5.0 mM citric acid (CA). The wastewater treatment curtailed biomass accumulation, the growth rate, and chlorophyll contents by exacerbating the oxidative stress in sunflowers. Foliar application of CA considerably alleviated the outcomes of Cr toxicity by curbing the Cr absorption and oxidative damage, leading to improvements in plant growth, biological yield, and chlorophyll contents. It is concluded that foliar application of CA can successfully mitigate the Cr toxicity in sunflower plants irrigated with tannery wastewater.
Ali Imran Mallhi; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Abdullah Ijaz Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhar; Afzal Hussain; Zahid Imran Mallhi; Shafaqat Ali; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. Citric Acid Assisted Phytoremediation of Chromium through Sunflower Plants Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater. Plants 2020, 9, 380 .
AMA StyleAli Imran Mallhi, Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain, Muhammad Rizwan, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhar, Afzal Hussain, Zahid Imran Mallhi, Shafaqat Ali, Abeer Hashem, Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah, Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni, Parvaiz Ahmad. Citric Acid Assisted Phytoremediation of Chromium through Sunflower Plants Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater. Plants. 2020; 9 (3):380.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Imran Mallhi; Shahzad Ali Shahid Chatha; Abdullah Ijaz Hussain; Muhammad Rizwan; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhar; Afzal Hussain; Zahid Imran Mallhi; Shafaqat Ali; Abeer Hashem; Elsayed Fathi Abd Allah; Mohammed Nasser Alyemeni; Parvaiz Ahmad. 2020. "Citric Acid Assisted Phytoremediation of Chromium through Sunflower Plants Irrigated with Tannery Wastewater." Plants 9, no. 3: 380.
Plants are exposed to different kinds of adverse environmental conditions during their life cycle that ablate their productivity. These environmental fluctuations have detrimental effects on the crops in terms of growth and development. Plants are highly susceptible to abiotic stresses including drought, salinity, high temperature, and increasing heavy metal concentration. The changing events related to climatic conditions are the signs of consternation for crops to maintain their productivity. Due to global warming, drought and high temperature are serious concerns regarding effective crop production. Salinity also adversely affects growth and productivity by disrupting normal physiology and biochemistry of plants. It causes osmotic disturbance, nutritional imbalance, malfunction of photosynthetic machinery, and oxidative stress. Rapid urbanization and industrialization are polluting the arable lands with heavy metals which not only affects crop productivity but also interferes with human health. In the modern era, heavy metals, like lead, cadmium, chromium, mercury, and copper are main environmental hazards, especially in regions of higher anthropogenic activity. Contamination of agricultural soils with heavy metals is a serious concern owing to its deleterious effects on agricultural productivity, phytotoxicity, food safety, and quality of the environment with ultimate impact on human health. All these abiotic stresses negatively affect several growth and developmental processes of plants which reduce the productivity of agronomic crop and also deteriorate the quality of produce. To cope with the situation, it is inevitable to understand the adverse effects of these abiotic factors on crop plants. This chapter provides comprehensive information on the impacts of abiotic stresses on crop plants.
Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Arslan Masood Peerzada; Muhammad Haseeb Javed; Muhammad Dawood; Nazim Hussain; Shakeel Ahmad. Growth and Development Dynamics in Agronomic Crops Under Environmental Stress. Agronomic Crops 2019, 83 -114.
AMA StyleSyed Asad Hussain Bukhari, Arslan Masood Peerzada, Muhammad Haseeb Javed, Muhammad Dawood, Nazim Hussain, Shakeel Ahmad. Growth and Development Dynamics in Agronomic Crops Under Environmental Stress. Agronomic Crops. 2019; ():83-114.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSyed Asad Hussain Bukhari; Arslan Masood Peerzada; Muhammad Haseeb Javed; Muhammad Dawood; Nazim Hussain; Shakeel Ahmad. 2019. "Growth and Development Dynamics in Agronomic Crops Under Environmental Stress." Agronomic Crops , no. : 83-114.
To curb the increasing demand for nitrogenous fertilizers, it is imperative to develop new cultivars with comparatively greater nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Nonetheless, so far very meager information is available concerning the variances among barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties for their response to nitrogen deprivation. The current study was carried out to explore the potential of barley genotypes for higher NUE. A hydroponic experiment was conducted at seedling stage to compare the performance of four barley genotypes, ZD9 and XZ149 (with higher NUE) and HXRL and XZ56 (with lower NUE) in response to low (0.1 mM) and normal nitrogen (2 mM) levels. Under low N, all the genotypes expressed less number of tillers, decreased soluble proteins, chlorophyll and N concentrations in both roots and shoots, in comparison with normal N supply. However, significant differences were found among the genotypes. The genotypes with high NUE (ZD9 and XZ149) showed higher N concentration, increased number of tillers, improved chlorophyll and soluble proteins in both roots and shoots as compared to the inefficient ones (HXRL and XZ56). Furthermore, nitrate transporter gene (NRT2.1) showed higher expression under low N, both in roots and leaves of N efficient genotypes, as compared to the N inefficient ones. However, N assimilatory genes (GS1 and GS2) showed higher expression under normal and low N level, in leaves and roots respectively. The outcome of the study revealed that genotypes with higher NUE (ZD9 and XZ149) performed better under reduced N supply, and may require relatively less N fertilizer for normal growth and development, as compared to those with lower NUE. The study also revealed a time-specific expression pattern of studied genes, indicating the duration of low N stress. The current study suggested that future work must involve the time course as a key factor while studying expression patterns of these genes to better understand the genetic basis of low-N tolerance.
Jawad Munawar Shah; Sidra Tul Muntaha; Essa Ali; Azhar Khan; Syed Hassan Raza Zaidi; Ahmad Naeem Shahzad; Zeshan Hassan; Ahmad Nawaz; Muhammad Rashid; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari. Comparative study of the genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency in wild and cultivated barley. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 2019, 25, 1435 -1444.
AMA StyleJawad Munawar Shah, Sidra Tul Muntaha, Essa Ali, Azhar Khan, Syed Hassan Raza Zaidi, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad, Zeshan Hassan, Ahmad Nawaz, Muhammad Rashid, Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari. Comparative study of the genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency in wild and cultivated barley. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants. 2019; 25 (6):1435-1444.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJawad Munawar Shah; Sidra Tul Muntaha; Essa Ali; Azhar Khan; Syed Hassan Raza Zaidi; Ahmad Naeem Shahzad; Zeshan Hassan; Ahmad Nawaz; Muhammad Rashid; Syed Asad Hussain Bukhari. 2019. "Comparative study of the genetic basis of nitrogen use efficiency in wild and cultivated barley." Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants 25, no. 6: 1435-1444.