Chrysanolide A, a novel guaianolide-type sesquiterpenoid trimer (3), along with its biogenetically related monomer (Chrysanolide B, 1) and dimer (Chrysanolide C, 2), were simultaneously isolated from Chrysanthemum indicum L flowers. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated via spectroscopic and computational methods. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-HBV activities.

To identify bioactive metabolites from the fruiting body of Morchella sextelata, fourteen metabolites (1–14) including one undescribed morchesexten A (1) were isolated. Their structures including absolute configurations were assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data and quantum chemical computational methods. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Compounds 10–12 showed inhibitory effects on nitric oxide (NO) production with IC₅₀ values of 15.2 ± 2.7, 10.2 ± 1.9 and 35.3 ± 10.5 μM, respectively. Compounds 7 and 9 exhibited strong antioxidant effect with IC₅₀ values of 6.7 ± 0.4 and 7.3 ± 0.8 μM compared with Vit C (IC₅₀ 15.4 ± 0.2 μM). Graphical Abstract

Sesquiterpenoids and diterpenoids discovered from Ganoderma species possess diverse chemical structures and biological activities. Among them, many highly active substances are widely used in food flavors, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals, and have attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this study, we will summarize the structures of Ganoderma sesquiterpenoids (GSs) and Ganoderma diterpenoids (GDs), and their classifications, biosynthetic pathways, chemical synthesis, and biological activities before August 2024.