The present study aimed to assess three pesticide residues (hexachlorobenzene, cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos) in the muscle of common carp (Cyprinus carpio), barbus grypus (Arabibarbus grypus) and water from Dukan Lake. About 60 samples were collected from different sites on the Dukan Lake in Iraq from different seasons (November 2023 to August 2024). Fish samples were analyzed fresh and grilled for the presence of pesticide residues using the QuEChERS method for extraction and water extraction was done by solid-phase extraction method accompanied by cleanup and detection using GC–MS (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry). The results revealed that the examined pesticides were identified in both types of fish muscles and water during different seasons, except hexachlorobenzene, which was not discovered in either fish type in the spring and in water during the summer. All pesticide residues were less than the maximum residue limit (MRL) in Japan, and just one sample exceeded the maximum residue limit in the European Union. Cooking (grilling) fish samples lowered pesticide residual levels to at least 25% of those measured in raw muscle. The trial findings indicated that eating common carp and barbus grypus and drinking water provides minor health hazards owing to residues of the three studied pesticides.

Effects of lavender essential oil (LEO) on the growth, haematology and biology of common carp was investigated. A total of 108 healthy fishes were distributed into 12 plastic tanks to four treatments in triplicate. The fish were fed a diet consisting of 0, 1 ml, 2 and 4 ml/kg of LEO for 60 days. Results showed that WG and SGR significantly were increased at the different levels of LEO (p < .05). The highest of WG was found in (T4) and 4 ml/kg of LEO and SGR was found in (T3) 2 ml/kg of LEO of LEO. In contrast, FCR was decreased with increasing of dietary supplemental of LEO there were significant differences (p <0.05), for (hgb, mch and wbc). However, there were no significant differences for (rbc, mchc, plt, mcv, granules, lymphocyte and monocyte) of LEON treatment compared to the control (p < .05). Finally, there were significant differences for biological traits except Hepatosomatic index and Spleenosomatic index. Overall, our results interestingly demonstrated that the effect of supplemental dietary LEON had a positive and significant effect on some growth, hematological and biological traits of common carp.