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Mohamed A. Ali
Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt

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Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Pathogens
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Until now, there has been no direct evidence of the effectiveness of repurposed FDA-approved drugs against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. Although curcumin, hesperidin, and quercetin have broad spectra of pharmacological properties, their antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2 remain unclear. Our study aimed to assess the in vitro antiviral activities of curcumin, hesperidin, and quercetin against SARS-CoV-2 compared to hydroxychloroquine and determine their mode of action. In Vero E6 cells, these compounds significantly inhibited virus replication, mainly as virucidal agents primarily indicating their potential activity at the early stage of viral infection. To investigate the mechanism of action of the tested compounds, molecular docking studies were carried out against both SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) and main protease (Mpro) receptors. Collectively, the obtained in silico and in vitro findings suggest that the compounds could be promising SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors. We recommend further preclinical and clinical studies on the studied compounds to find a potential therapeutic targeting COVID-19 in the near future.

ACS Style

Ahmed Kandeil; Ahmed Mostafa; Omnia Kutkat; Yassmin Moatasim; Ahmed A. Al‐Karmalawy; Adel A. Rashad; Ahmed E. Kayed; Azza E. Kayed; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. Bioactive Polyphenolic Compounds Showing Strong Antiviral Activities against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Pathogens 2021, 10, 758 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Kandeil, Ahmed Mostafa, Omnia Kutkat, Yassmin Moatasim, Ahmed A. Al‐Karmalawy, Adel A. Rashad, Ahmed E. Kayed, Azza E. Kayed, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali. Bioactive Polyphenolic Compounds Showing Strong Antiviral Activities against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (6):758.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Kandeil; Ahmed Mostafa; Omnia Kutkat; Yassmin Moatasim; Ahmed A. Al‐Karmalawy; Adel A. Rashad; Ahmed E. Kayed; Azza E. Kayed; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. 2021. "Bioactive Polyphenolic Compounds Showing Strong Antiviral Activities against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2." Pathogens 10, no. 6: 758.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Pathogens
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In late December 2019, a novel coronavirus, namely severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), escaped the animal–human interface and emerged as an ongoing global pandemic with severe flu-like illness, commonly known as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In this study, a molecular docking study was carried out for seventeen (17) structural analogues prepared from natural maslinic and oleanolic acids, screened against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Furthermore, we experimentally validated the virtual data by measuring the half-maximal cytotoxic and inhibitory concentrations of each compound. Interestingly, the chlorinated isoxazole linked maslinic acid (compound 17) showed promising antiviral activity at micromolar non-toxic concentrations. Thoughtfully, we showed that compound 17 mainly impairs the viral replication of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, a very promising SAR study for the examined compounds was concluded, which could be used by medicinal chemists in the near future for the design and synthesis of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 candidates. Our results could be very promising for performing further additional in vitro and in vivo studies on the tested compound (17) before further licensing for COVID-19 treatment.

ACS Style

Raya Soltane; Amani Chrouda; Ahmed Mostafa; Ahmed Al-Karmalawy; Karim Chouaïb; Abdelwaheb Dhahri; Rami Pashameah; Ahlam Alasiri; Omnia Kutkat; Mahmoud Shehata; Hichem Jannet; Jawhar Gharbi; Mohamed Ali. Strong Inhibitory Activity and Action Modes of Synthetic Maslinic Acid Derivative on Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses: COVID-19 Drug Candidate. Pathogens 2021, 10, 623 .

AMA Style

Raya Soltane, Amani Chrouda, Ahmed Mostafa, Ahmed Al-Karmalawy, Karim Chouaïb, Abdelwaheb Dhahri, Rami Pashameah, Ahlam Alasiri, Omnia Kutkat, Mahmoud Shehata, Hichem Jannet, Jawhar Gharbi, Mohamed Ali. Strong Inhibitory Activity and Action Modes of Synthetic Maslinic Acid Derivative on Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses: COVID-19 Drug Candidate. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (5):623.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raya Soltane; Amani Chrouda; Ahmed Mostafa; Ahmed Al-Karmalawy; Karim Chouaïb; Abdelwaheb Dhahri; Rami Pashameah; Ahlam Alasiri; Omnia Kutkat; Mahmoud Shehata; Hichem Jannet; Jawhar Gharbi; Mohamed Ali. 2021. "Strong Inhibitory Activity and Action Modes of Synthetic Maslinic Acid Derivative on Highly Pathogenic Coronaviruses: COVID-19 Drug Candidate." Pathogens 10, no. 5: 623.

Journal article
Published: 07 May 2021 in Antibiotics
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Since the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in 2019, it has remained a significant global threat, especially with the newly evolved variants. Despite the presence of different COVID-19 vaccines, the discovery of proper antiviral therapeutics is an urgent necessity. Nature is considered as a historical trove for drug discovery, especially in global crises. During our efforts to discover potential anti-SARS CoV-2 natural therapeutics, screening our in-house natural products and plant crude extracts library led to the identification of C. benedictus extract as a promising candidate. To find out the main chemical constituents responsible for the extract’s antiviral activity, we utilized recently reported SARS CoV-2 structural information in comprehensive in silico investigations (e.g., ensemble docking and physics-based molecular modeling). As a result, we constructed protein–protein and protein–compound interaction networks that suggest cnicin as the most promising anti-SARS CoV-2 hit that might inhibit viral multi-targets. The subsequent in vitro validation confirmed that cnicin could impede the viral replication of SARS CoV-2 in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 1.18 µg/mL. Furthermore, drug-like property calculations strongly recommended cnicin for further in vivo and clinical experiments. The present investigation highlighted natural products as crucial and readily available sources for developing antiviral therapeutics. Additionally, it revealed the key contributions of bioinformatics and computer-aided modeling tools in accelerating the discovery rate of potential therapeutics, particularly in emergency times like the current COVID-19 pandemic.

ACS Style

Hani Alhadrami; Ahmed Sayed; Hossam Hassan; Khayrya Youssif; Yasser Gaber; Yassmin Moatasim; Omnia Kutkat; Ahmed Mostafa; Mohamed Ali; Mostafa Rateb; Usama Abdelmohsen; Noha Gamaleldin. Cnicin as an Anti-SARS-CoV-2: An Integrated In Silico and In Vitro Approach for the Rapid Identification of Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics. Antibiotics 2021, 10, 542 .

AMA Style

Hani Alhadrami, Ahmed Sayed, Hossam Hassan, Khayrya Youssif, Yasser Gaber, Yassmin Moatasim, Omnia Kutkat, Ahmed Mostafa, Mohamed Ali, Mostafa Rateb, Usama Abdelmohsen, Noha Gamaleldin. Cnicin as an Anti-SARS-CoV-2: An Integrated In Silico and In Vitro Approach for the Rapid Identification of Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics. Antibiotics. 2021; 10 (5):542.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hani Alhadrami; Ahmed Sayed; Hossam Hassan; Khayrya Youssif; Yasser Gaber; Yassmin Moatasim; Omnia Kutkat; Ahmed Mostafa; Mohamed Ali; Mostafa Rateb; Usama Abdelmohsen; Noha Gamaleldin. 2021. "Cnicin as an Anti-SARS-CoV-2: An Integrated In Silico and In Vitro Approach for the Rapid Identification of Potential COVID-19 Therapeutics." Antibiotics 10, no. 5: 542.

Journal article
Published: 02 April 2021 in Viruses
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Genetic analysis of circulating avian influenza viruses (AIVs) in wild birds at different geographical regions during the same period could improve our knowledge about virus transmission dynamics in natural hosts, virus evolution as well as zoonotic potential. Here, we report the genetic and molecular characterization of H6N2 influenza viruses isolated from migratory birds in Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda during 2017–2018. The Egyptian and Turkish isolates were genetically closer to each other than they were to the virus isolated from Uganda. Our results also suggest that multiple reassortment events were involved in the genesis of the isolated viruses. All viruses contained molecular markers previously associated with increased replication and/or pathogenicity in mammals. The results of this study indicate that H6N2 viruses carried by migratory birds on the West Asian/East African and Mediterranean/Black Sea flyways have the potential to transmit to mammals including humans. Additionally, adaptation markers in these viruses indicate the potential risk for poultry, which also increases the possibility of human exposure to these viruses.

ACS Style

Yavuz Mercan; Gladys Atim; Ahmed Kayed; M. Azbazdar; Ahmed Kandeil; Mohamed Ali; Adam Rubrum; Pamela McKenzie; Richard Webby; Bernard Erima; Fred Wabwire-Mangen; Qouilazoni Ukuli; Titus Tugume; Denis Byarugaba; Ghazi Kayali; Mariette Ducatez; Zeynep Koçer. Molecular Characterization of Closely Related H6N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda. Viruses 2021, 13, 607 .

AMA Style

Yavuz Mercan, Gladys Atim, Ahmed Kayed, M. Azbazdar, Ahmed Kandeil, Mohamed Ali, Adam Rubrum, Pamela McKenzie, Richard Webby, Bernard Erima, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Qouilazoni Ukuli, Titus Tugume, Denis Byarugaba, Ghazi Kayali, Mariette Ducatez, Zeynep Koçer. Molecular Characterization of Closely Related H6N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda. Viruses. 2021; 13 (4):607.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yavuz Mercan; Gladys Atim; Ahmed Kayed; M. Azbazdar; Ahmed Kandeil; Mohamed Ali; Adam Rubrum; Pamela McKenzie; Richard Webby; Bernard Erima; Fred Wabwire-Mangen; Qouilazoni Ukuli; Titus Tugume; Denis Byarugaba; Ghazi Kayali; Mariette Ducatez; Zeynep Koçer. 2021. "Molecular Characterization of Closely Related H6N2 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from Turkey, Egypt, and Uganda." Viruses 13, no. 4: 607.

Journal article
Published: 19 March 2021 in Pathogens
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Since its emergence in 2014, the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus has continuously and rapidly spread worldwide in the poultry sector resulting in huge economic losses. A typical inactivated H5N8 vaccine is prepared using the six internal genes from A/PR8/1934 (H1N1) and the two major antigenic proteins (HA and NA) from the circulating H5N8 strain with the HA modified to a low pathogenic form (PR8HA/NA-H5N8). The contribution of the other internal proteins from H5N8, either individually or in combination, to the overall protective efficacy of PR8-based H5N8 vaccine has not been investigated. Using reverse genetics, a set of PR8-based vaccines expressing the individual proteins from an H5N8 strain were rescued and compared to the parent PR8 and low pathogenic H5N8 strains and the commonly used PR8HA/NA-H5N8. Except for the PR8-based vaccine strains expressing the HA of H5N8, none of the rescued combinations could efficiently elicit virus-neutralizing antibodies. Compared to PR8, the non-HA viral proteins provided some protection to infected chickens six days post infection. We assume that this late protection was related to cell-based immunity rather than antibody-mediated immunity. This may explain the slight advantage of using full low pathogenic H5N8 instead of PR8HA/NA-H5N8 to improve protection by both the innate and the humoral arms of the immune system.

ACS Style

Yassmin Moatasim; Ahmed Kandeil; Ahmed Mostafa; Omnia Kutkat; Mohamed Sayes; Ahmed El Taweel; Maha AlKhazindar; Elsayed AbdElSalam; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed Ali. Impact of Individual Viral Gene Segments from Influenza A/H5N8 Virus on the Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Subtype-Specific Influenza Vaccine. Pathogens 2021, 10, 368 .

AMA Style

Yassmin Moatasim, Ahmed Kandeil, Ahmed Mostafa, Omnia Kutkat, Mohamed Sayes, Ahmed El Taweel, Maha AlKhazindar, Elsayed AbdElSalam, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed Ali. Impact of Individual Viral Gene Segments from Influenza A/H5N8 Virus on the Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Subtype-Specific Influenza Vaccine. Pathogens. 2021; 10 (3):368.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yassmin Moatasim; Ahmed Kandeil; Ahmed Mostafa; Omnia Kutkat; Mohamed Sayes; Ahmed El Taweel; Maha AlKhazindar; Elsayed AbdElSalam; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed Ali. 2021. "Impact of Individual Viral Gene Segments from Influenza A/H5N8 Virus on the Protective Efficacy of Inactivated Subtype-Specific Influenza Vaccine." Pathogens 10, no. 3: 368.

Journal article
Published: 04 December 2020 in Pharmaceuticals
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(1) Background: Drug repositioning is an unconventional drug discovery approach to explore new therapeutic benefits of existing drugs. Currently, it emerges as a rapid avenue to alleviate the COVID-19 pandemic disease. (2) Methods: Herein, we tested the antiviral activity of anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs, commonly prescribed to relieve respiratory symptoms, against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the viral causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. (3) Results: Of these FDA-approved antimicrobial drugs, Azithromycin, Niclosamide, and Nitazoxanide showed a promising ability to hinder the replication of a SARS-CoV-2 isolate, with IC50 of 0.32, 0.16, and 1.29 µM, respectively. We provided evidence that several antihistamine and anti-inflammatory drugs could partially reduce SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. Furthermore, this study showed that Azithromycin can selectively impair SARS-CoV-2 replication, but not the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). A virtual screening study illustrated that Azithromycin, Niclosamide, and Nitazoxanide bind to the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 (Protein data bank (PDB) ID: 6lu7) in binding mode similar to the reported co-crystalized ligand. Also, Niclosamide displayed hydrogen bond (HB) interaction with the key peptide moiety GLN: 493A of the spike glycoprotein active site. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that Piroxicam should be prescribed in combination with Azithromycin for COVID-19 patients.

ACS Style

Ahmed Mostafa; Ahmed Kandeil; Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier; Omnia Kutkat; Yassmin Moatasim; Adel A. Rashad; Mahmoud Shehata; Mokhtar R. Gomaa; Noura Mahrous; Sara H. Mahmoud; Mohamed Gaballah; Hisham Abbas; Ahmed El Taweel; Ahmed E. Kayed; Mina Nabil Kamel; Mohamed El Sayes; Dina B. Mahmoud; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Pharmaceuticals 2020, 13, 443 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Mostafa, Ahmed Kandeil, Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier, Omnia Kutkat, Yassmin Moatasim, Adel A. Rashad, Mahmoud Shehata, Mokhtar R. Gomaa, Noura Mahrous, Sara H. Mahmoud, Mohamed Gaballah, Hisham Abbas, Ahmed El Taweel, Ahmed E. Kayed, Mina Nabil Kamel, Mohamed El Sayes, Dina B. Mahmoud, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali. FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Pharmaceuticals. 2020; 13 (12):443.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Mostafa; Ahmed Kandeil; Yaseen A. M. M. Elshaier; Omnia Kutkat; Yassmin Moatasim; Adel A. Rashad; Mahmoud Shehata; Mokhtar R. Gomaa; Noura Mahrous; Sara H. Mahmoud; Mohamed Gaballah; Hisham Abbas; Ahmed El Taweel; Ahmed E. Kayed; Mina Nabil Kamel; Mohamed El Sayes; Dina B. Mahmoud; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. 2020. "FDA-Approved Drugs with Potent In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2." Pharmaceuticals 13, no. 12: 443.

Journal article
Published: 20 September 2020 in Viruses
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Egypt is a hotspot for H5- and H9-subtype avian influenza A virus (AIV) infections and co-infections in poultry by both subtypes have been frequently reported. However, natural genetic reassortment of these subtypes has not been reported yet. Here, we evaluated the genetic compatibility and replication efficiency of reassortants between recent isolates of an Egyptian H5N1 and a H9N2 AIV (H5N1EGY and H9N2EGY). All internal viral proteins-encoding segments of the contemporaneous G1-like H9N2EGY, expressed individually and in combination in the genetic background of H5N1EGY, were genetically compatible with the other H5N1EGY segments. At 37 °C the replication efficiencies of H5N1EGY reassortants expressing the H9N2EGY polymerase subunits PB2 and PA (H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY, H5N1PA-H9N2EGY) were higher than the wild-type H5N1EGY in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK-II) cells. This could not be correlated to viral polymerase activity as this was found to be improved for H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY, but reduced for H5N1PA-H9N2EGY. At 33 °C and 39 °C, H5N1PB2-H9N2EGY and H5N1PA-H9N2EGY replicated to higher levels than the wild-type H5N1EGY in human Calu-3 and A549 cell lines. Nevertheless, in BALB/c mice both reassortants caused reduced mortality compared to the wild-type H5N1EGY. Genetic analysis of the polymerase-encoding segments revealed that the PAH9N2EGY and PB2H9N2EGY encode for a distinct uncharacterized mammalian-like variation (367K) and a well-known mammalian signature (591K), respectively. Introducing the single substitution 367K into the PA of H5N1EGY enabled the mutant virus H5N1PA-R367K to replicate more efficiently at 37 °C in primary human bronchial epithelial (NHBE) cells and also in A549 and Calu-3 cells at 33 °C and 39 °C. Furthermore, H5N1PA-R367K caused higher mortality in BALB/c mice. These findings demonstrate that H5N1 (Clade 2.2.1.2) reassortants carrying internal proteins-encoding segments of G1-like H9N2 viruses can emerge and may gain improved replication fitness. Thereby such H5N1/H9N2 reassortants could augment the zoonotic potential of H5N1 viruses, especially by acquiring unique mammalian-like aa signatures.

ACS Style

Ahmed Mostafa; Sara H. Mahmoud; Mahmoud Shehata; Christin Müller; Ahmed Kandeil; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Hanaa Z. Nooh; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali; Stephan Pleschka. PA from a Recent H9N2 (G1-Like) Avian Influenza a Virus (AIV) Strain Carrying Lysine 367 Confers Altered Replication Efficiency and Pathogenicity to Contemporaneous H5N1 in Mammalian Systems. Viruses 2020, 12, 1046 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Mostafa, Sara H. Mahmoud, Mahmoud Shehata, Christin Müller, Ahmed Kandeil, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Hanaa Z. Nooh, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali, Stephan Pleschka. PA from a Recent H9N2 (G1-Like) Avian Influenza a Virus (AIV) Strain Carrying Lysine 367 Confers Altered Replication Efficiency and Pathogenicity to Contemporaneous H5N1 in Mammalian Systems. Viruses. 2020; 12 (9):1046.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Mostafa; Sara H. Mahmoud; Mahmoud Shehata; Christin Müller; Ahmed Kandeil; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Hanaa Z. Nooh; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali; Stephan Pleschka. 2020. "PA from a Recent H9N2 (G1-Like) Avian Influenza a Virus (AIV) Strain Carrying Lysine 367 Confers Altered Replication Efficiency and Pathogenicity to Contemporaneous H5N1 in Mammalian Systems." Viruses 12, no. 9: 1046.

Review
Published: 02 July 2020 in Microorganisms
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Coronaviruses belong to a large family of viruses that can cause disease outbreaks ranging from the common cold to acute respiratory syndrome. Since 2003, three zoonotic members of this family evolved to cross species barriers infecting humans and resulting in relatively high case fatality rates (CFR). Compared to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV, CFR = 10%) and pandemic Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, CFR = 6%), the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) has scored the highest CFR (approximately 35%). In this review, we systematically summarize the current state of scientific knowledge about MERS-CoV, including virology and origin, epidemiology, zoonotic mode of transmission, and potential therapeutic or prophylactic intervention modalities.

ACS Style

Ahmed Mostafa; Ahmed Kandeil; Mahmoud Shehata; Rabeh El Shesheny; Abdallah Samy; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): State of the Science. Microorganisms 2020, 8, 991 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Mostafa, Ahmed Kandeil, Mahmoud Shehata, Rabeh El Shesheny, Abdallah Samy, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): State of the Science. Microorganisms. 2020; 8 (7):991.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Mostafa; Ahmed Kandeil; Mahmoud Shehata; Rabeh El Shesheny; Abdallah Samy; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. 2020. "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV): State of the Science." Microorganisms 8, no. 7: 991.

Communication
Published: 26 April 2020 in Viruses
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Astroviruses belong to Astroviridae family which includes two main genera: Mamastroviruses that infect mammals, and Avastroviruses that infect avian hosts. Bats and wild birds are considered among the natural reservoirs for astroviruses. Infections in humans are associated with severe gastroenteritis, especially among children. We conducted surveillance for astroviruses in bats, wild birds, and humans in Egypt. Our results indicated relatively high prevalence of astroviruses in those hosts. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diversity of these viruses within hosts. Detected human viruses showed similarity with classic and variant human astroviruses, as well as similarity with animal-origin viruses. Viruses in bats were dispersed, with similarities to other bat viruses as well as other mammalian, including human, viruses. Wild bird viruses varied and were related to other avastroviruses, as well as human astroviruses. Our results indicate that astroviruses are common in bats, wild birds, and humans in Egypt, with a wide gene pool. Potential cross-species transmission may be occurring but should be verified by further surveillance and molecular studies.

ACS Style

Ahmed El Taweel; Ahmed Kandeil; Ahmed Barakat; Omar Alfaroq Rabiee; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed Ahmed Ali. Diversity of Astroviruses Circulating in Humans, Bats, and Wild Birds in Egypt. Viruses 2020, 12, 485 .

AMA Style

Ahmed El Taweel, Ahmed Kandeil, Ahmed Barakat, Omar Alfaroq Rabiee, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed Ahmed Ali. Diversity of Astroviruses Circulating in Humans, Bats, and Wild Birds in Egypt. Viruses. 2020; 12 (5):485.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed El Taweel; Ahmed Kandeil; Ahmed Barakat; Omar Alfaroq Rabiee; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed Ahmed Ali. 2020. "Diversity of Astroviruses Circulating in Humans, Bats, and Wild Birds in Egypt." Viruses 12, no. 5: 485.

Journal article
Published: 02 December 2019 in Pathogens
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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) became a global human health threat since its first documentation in humans in 2012. An efficient vaccine for the prophylaxis of humans in hotspots of the infection (e.g., Saudi Arabia) is necessary but no commercial vaccines are yet approved. In this study, a chimeric DNA construct was designed to encode an influenza A/H1N1 NA protein which is flanking immunogenic amino acids (aa) 736–761 of MERS-CoV spike protein. Using the generated chimeric construct, a novel recombinant vaccine strain against pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1pdm09) and MERS-CoV was generated (chimeric bivalent 5 + 3). The chimeric bivalent 5 + 3 vaccine strain comprises a recombinant PR8-based vaccine, expressing the PB1, HA, and chimeric NA of pandemic 2009 H1N1. Interestingly, an increase in replication efficiency of the generated vaccine strain was observed when compared to the PR8-based 5 + 3 H1N1pdm09 vaccine strain that lacks the MERS-CoV spike peptide insert. In BALB/c mice, the inactivated chimeric bivalent vaccine induced potent and specific neutralizing antibodies against MERS-CoV and H1N1pdm09. This novel approach succeeded in developing a recombinant influenza virus with potential use as a bivalent vaccine against H1N1pdm09 and MERS-CoV. This approach provides a basis for the future development of chimeric influenza-based vaccines against MERS-CoV and other viruses.

ACS Style

Mahmoud M. Shehata; Ahmed Kandeil; Ahmed Mostafa; Sara H. Mahmoud; Mokhtar R. Gomaa; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Richard Webby; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. A Recombinant Influenza A/H1N1 Carrying A Short Immunogenic Peptide of MERS-CoV as Bivalent Vaccine in BALB/c Mice. Pathogens 2019, 8, 281 .

AMA Style

Mahmoud M. Shehata, Ahmed Kandeil, Ahmed Mostafa, Sara H. Mahmoud, Mokhtar R. Gomaa, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Richard Webby, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali. A Recombinant Influenza A/H1N1 Carrying A Short Immunogenic Peptide of MERS-CoV as Bivalent Vaccine in BALB/c Mice. Pathogens. 2019; 8 (4):281.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud M. Shehata; Ahmed Kandeil; Ahmed Mostafa; Sara H. Mahmoud; Mokhtar R. Gomaa; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Richard Webby; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. 2019. "A Recombinant Influenza A/H1N1 Carrying A Short Immunogenic Peptide of MERS-CoV as Bivalent Vaccine in BALB/c Mice." Pathogens 8, no. 4: 281.

Journal article
Published: 07 November 2019 in Pathogens
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Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) of the H5-subtype have circulated continuously in Egypt since 2006, resulting in numerous poultry outbreaks and considerable sporadic human infections. The extensive circulation and wide spread of these viruses in domestic poultry have resulted in various evolutionary changes with a dramatic impact on viral transmission ability to contact mammals including humans. The transmitted viruses are either (1) adapted well enough in their avian hosts to readily infect mammals, or (2) adapted in the new mammalian hosts to improve their fitness. In both cases, avian influenza viruses (AIVs) acquire various host-specific adaptations. These adaptive variations are not all well-known or thoroughly characterized. In this study, a phylogenetic algorithm based on the informational spectrum method, designated hereafter as ISM, was applied to analyze the affinity of H5-type HA proteins of Egyptian AIV isolates (2006–2015) towards human-type cell receptors. To characterize AIV H5-HA proteins displaying high ISM values reflecting an increased tendency of the HA towards human-type receptors, recombinant IV expressing monobasic, low pathogenic (LP) H5-HA versions in the background of the human influenza virus A/PR/8/1934(H1N1) (LP 7+1), were generated. These viruses were compared with a LP 7+1 expressing a monobasic H5-HA from a human origin virus isolate (human LP-7271), for their receptor binding specificity (ISM), in vitro replication efficiency and in vivo pathogenicity in mammals. Interestingly, using ISM analysis, we identified a LP 7+1 virus (LP-S10739C) expressing the monobasic H5-HA of AIV A/Chicken/Egypt/S10739C/2015(H5N1) that showed high affinity towards human-type receptors. This in silico prediction was reflected by a higher in vitro replication efficiency in mammalian cell cultures and a higher virulence in mice as compared with LP-7271. Sequence comparison between the LP-S10739C and the LP-7271 H5-HA, revealed distinct amino acid changes. Their contribution to the increased mammalian receptor propensity of LP-S10739C demands further investigation to better deduce the molecular determinant behind the reported high morbidity of 2014 to 2015 HPAI H5N1 virus in humans in Egypt. This study provides insights into the evolution of Egyptian H5 HPAIVs and highlights the need to identify the viral evolution in order to recognize emerging AIV with the potential to threaten human and animal populations.

ACS Style

Sara Hussein Mahmoud; Ahmed Mostafa; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Mohamed Zakaraia Seddik; Galal Khalafalla; Mahmoud Shehata; Ahmed Kandeil; Stephan Pleschka; Ghazi Kayali; Richard Webby; Veljko Veljkovic; Mohamed Ahmed Ali. Evolution of H5-Type Avian Influenza A Virus Towards Mammalian Tropism in Egypt, 2014 to 2015. Pathogens 2019, 8, 224 .

AMA Style

Sara Hussein Mahmoud, Ahmed Mostafa, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Mohamed Zakaraia Seddik, Galal Khalafalla, Mahmoud Shehata, Ahmed Kandeil, Stephan Pleschka, Ghazi Kayali, Richard Webby, Veljko Veljkovic, Mohamed Ahmed Ali. Evolution of H5-Type Avian Influenza A Virus Towards Mammalian Tropism in Egypt, 2014 to 2015. Pathogens. 2019; 8 (4):224.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara Hussein Mahmoud; Ahmed Mostafa; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Mohamed Zakaraia Seddik; Galal Khalafalla; Mahmoud Shehata; Ahmed Kandeil; Stephan Pleschka; Ghazi Kayali; Richard Webby; Veljko Veljkovic; Mohamed Ahmed Ali. 2019. "Evolution of H5-Type Avian Influenza A Virus Towards Mammalian Tropism in Egypt, 2014 to 2015." Pathogens 8, no. 4: 224.

Journal article
Published: 27 October 2019 in Viruses
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The surveillance and virological characterization of H5N8 avian influenza viruses are important in order to assess their zoonotic potential. The genetic analyses of the Egyptian H5N8 viruses isolated through active surveillance in wild birds and domestic poultry in the winter of 2016/2017 showed multiple introductions of reassortant viruses. In this study, we investigated and compared the growth kinetics, infectivity, and pathogenicity of the three reassortant forms of H5N8 viruses detected in wild birds and domestic poultry in Egypt during the first introduction wave in the winter of 2016/2017. Three representative H5N8 viruses (abbreviated as 813, 871, and 13666) were selected. The 871/H5N8 virus showed enhanced growth properties in vitro in Madin Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and A549 cells. Interestingly, all viruses replicated well in mice without prior adaptation. Infected C57BL/6 mice showed 20% mortality for 813/H5N8 and 60% mortality for 871/H5N8 and 13666/H5N8, which could be attributed to the genetic differences among the viruses. Studies on the pathogenicity in experimentally infected ducks revealed a range of pathogenic effects, with mortality rate ranging from 0% for 813/H5N8 and 13666/H5N8 to 28% for 871/H5N8. No significant differences were observed among the three compared viruses in infected chickens. Overall, different H5N8 viruses had variable biological characteristics, indicating a continuous need for surveillance and virus characterization efforts.

ACS Style

Yassmin Moatasim; Ahmed Kandeil; Basma Emad Aboulhoda; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Maha AlKhazindar; Elsayed Tarek Abdelsalam; Omnia Kutkat; Mina Nabil Kamel; Ahmed Nageh El Taweel; Ahmed Mostafa; Joseph T. Hicks; Sary Khaleel Abd Elghaffar; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed Ahmed Ali. Comparative Virological and Pathogenic Characteristics of Avian Influenza H5N8 Viruses Detected in Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry in Egypt during the Winter of 2016/2017. Viruses 2019, 11, 990 .

AMA Style

Yassmin Moatasim, Ahmed Kandeil, Basma Emad Aboulhoda, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Maha AlKhazindar, Elsayed Tarek Abdelsalam, Omnia Kutkat, Mina Nabil Kamel, Ahmed Nageh El Taweel, Ahmed Mostafa, Joseph T. Hicks, Sary Khaleel Abd Elghaffar, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed Ahmed Ali. Comparative Virological and Pathogenic Characteristics of Avian Influenza H5N8 Viruses Detected in Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry in Egypt during the Winter of 2016/2017. Viruses. 2019; 11 (11):990.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yassmin Moatasim; Ahmed Kandeil; Basma Emad Aboulhoda; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Maha AlKhazindar; Elsayed Tarek Abdelsalam; Omnia Kutkat; Mina Nabil Kamel; Ahmed Nageh El Taweel; Ahmed Mostafa; Joseph T. Hicks; Sary Khaleel Abd Elghaffar; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed Ahmed Ali. 2019. "Comparative Virological and Pathogenic Characteristics of Avian Influenza H5N8 Viruses Detected in Wild Birds and Domestic Poultry in Egypt during the Winter of 2016/2017." Viruses 11, no. 11: 990.

Journal article
Published: 05 August 2019 in Viruses
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: Dromedary camels are the natural reservoirs of the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Camels are mostly bred in East African countries then exported into Africa and Middle East for consumption. To understand the distribution of MERS-CoV among camels in North Africa and the Middle East, we conducted surveillance in Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, Uganda, Jordan, Saudi Arabia, and Iraq. We also performed longitudinal studies of three camel herds in Egypt and Jordan to elucidate MERS-CoV infection and transmission. Between 2016 and 2018, a total of 4027 nasal swabs and 3267 serum samples were collected from all countries. Real- time PCR revealed that MERS-CoV RNA was detected in nasal swab samples from Egypt, Senegal, Tunisia, and Saudi Arabia. Microneutralization assay showed that antibodies were detected in all countries. Positive PCR samples were partially sequenced, and a phylogenetic tree was built. The tree suggested that all sequences are of clade C and sequences from camels in Egypt formed a separate group from previously published sequences. Longitudinal studies showed high seroprevalence in adult camels. These results indicate the widespread distribution of the virus in camels. A systematic active surveillance and longitudinal studies for MERS-CoV are needed to understand the epidemiology of the disease and dynamics of viral infection.

ACS Style

Ahmed Kandeil; Mokhtar Gomaa; Ahmed Nageh; Mahmoud M. Shehata; Ahmed Kayed; Jamal S. M. Sabir; Awatef Abiadh; Jamel Jrijer; Zuhair Amr; Mounir Abi Said; Denis K. Byarugaba; Fred Wabwire-Mangen; Titus Tugume; Nadira S. Mohamed; Roba Attar; Sabah M. Hassan; Sabah Abdulaziz Linjawi; Yassmin Moatassim; Omnia Kutkat; Sara Mahmoud; Ola Bagato; Noura M. Abo Shama; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Ahmed Mostafa; Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera; Daniel K. W. Chu; Basma Elsokary; Ahmed Saad; Heba Sobhy; Ihab El Masry; Pamela P. McKenzie; Richard J. Webby; Malik Peiris; Yilma J. Makonnen; Mohamed A. Ali; Ghazi Kayali. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East. Viruses 2019, 11, 717 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Kandeil, Mokhtar Gomaa, Ahmed Nageh, Mahmoud M. Shehata, Ahmed Kayed, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Awatef Abiadh, Jamel Jrijer, Zuhair Amr, Mounir Abi Said, Denis K. Byarugaba, Fred Wabwire-Mangen, Titus Tugume, Nadira S. Mohamed, Roba Attar, Sabah M. Hassan, Sabah Abdulaziz Linjawi, Yassmin Moatassim, Omnia Kutkat, Sara Mahmoud, Ola Bagato, Noura M. Abo Shama, Rabeh El-Shesheny, Ahmed Mostafa, Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera, Daniel K. W. Chu, Basma Elsokary, Ahmed Saad, Heba Sobhy, Ihab El Masry, Pamela P. McKenzie, Richard J. Webby, Malik Peiris, Yilma J. Makonnen, Mohamed A. Ali, Ghazi Kayali. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East. Viruses. 2019; 11 (8):717.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Kandeil; Mokhtar Gomaa; Ahmed Nageh; Mahmoud M. Shehata; Ahmed Kayed; Jamal S. M. Sabir; Awatef Abiadh; Jamel Jrijer; Zuhair Amr; Mounir Abi Said; Denis K. Byarugaba; Fred Wabwire-Mangen; Titus Tugume; Nadira S. Mohamed; Roba Attar; Sabah M. Hassan; Sabah Abdulaziz Linjawi; Yassmin Moatassim; Omnia Kutkat; Sara Mahmoud; Ola Bagato; Noura M. Abo Shama; Rabeh El-Shesheny; Ahmed Mostafa; Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera; Daniel K. W. Chu; Basma Elsokary; Ahmed Saad; Heba Sobhy; Ihab El Masry; Pamela P. McKenzie; Richard J. Webby; Malik Peiris; Yilma J. Makonnen; Mohamed A. Ali; Ghazi Kayali. 2019. "Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in Dromedary Camels in Africa and Middle East." Viruses 11, no. 8: 717.

Journal article
Published: 28 May 2019 in Vaccines
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Vaccination is the most functional medical intervention to prophylactically control severe diseases caused by human-to-human or animal-to-human transmissible viral pathogens. Annually, seasonal influenza epidemics attack human populations leading to 290–650 thousand deaths/year worldwide. Recently, a novel Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus emerged. Together, those two viruses present a significant public health burden in areas where they circulate. Herein, we generated a bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs)-based vaccine presenting the antigenic stable chimeric fusion protein of the H1-type haemagglutinin (HA) of the pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1) strain from 2009 (H1N1pdm09) and the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) (OMVs-H1/RBD). Our results showed that the chimeric antigen could induce specific neutralizing antibodies against both strains leading to protection of immunized mice against H1N1pdm09 and efficient neutralization of MERS-CoV. This study demonstrate that OMVs-based vaccines presenting viral antigens provide a safe and reliable approach to protect against two different viral infections.

ACS Style

Mahmoud M. Shehata; Ahmed Mostafa; Lisa Teubner; Sara H. Mahmoud; Ahmed Kandeil; Rabeh Elshesheny; Thamer A. Boubak; Renate Frantz; Luigi La Pietra; Stephan Pleschka; Ahmed Osman; Ghazi Kayali; Trinad Chakraborty; Mohamed A. Ali; Mobarak Abu Mraheil. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs)-Based Dual Vaccine for Influenza A H1N1 Virus and MERS-CoV. Vaccines 2019, 7, 46 .

AMA Style

Mahmoud M. Shehata, Ahmed Mostafa, Lisa Teubner, Sara H. Mahmoud, Ahmed Kandeil, Rabeh Elshesheny, Thamer A. Boubak, Renate Frantz, Luigi La Pietra, Stephan Pleschka, Ahmed Osman, Ghazi Kayali, Trinad Chakraborty, Mohamed A. Ali, Mobarak Abu Mraheil. Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs)-Based Dual Vaccine for Influenza A H1N1 Virus and MERS-CoV. Vaccines. 2019; 7 (2):46.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mahmoud M. Shehata; Ahmed Mostafa; Lisa Teubner; Sara H. Mahmoud; Ahmed Kandeil; Rabeh Elshesheny; Thamer A. Boubak; Renate Frantz; Luigi La Pietra; Stephan Pleschka; Ahmed Osman; Ghazi Kayali; Trinad Chakraborty; Mohamed A. Ali; Mobarak Abu Mraheil. 2019. "Bacterial Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs)-Based Dual Vaccine for Influenza A H1N1 Virus and MERS-CoV." Vaccines 7, no. 2: 46.

Journal article
Published: 27 February 2019 in Current Pharmaceutical Design
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Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a considerable threat to the public health. The current standard of care treatment with pegylated interferon-alpha in combination with ribavirin (PEG-IFN-α+RBV) is associated with significant side effects, poorly tolerated, and provides limited efficacy. The development of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) targeting key viral enzymes essential for viral replication represents a significant milestone in the treatment of chronic HCV infection. Given its critical role in the viral polyprotein processing and the evasion of the host innate immunity, the NS3/4A protease has emerged as a promising drug target for the development of anti-HCV therapies. Although several potent NS3/4A protease inhibitors (PIs) have been approved or are in clinical development, the majority of currently available PIs have significant limitations related to untoward adverse events and a lack of pan-genotypic activity, indicating a continuing unmet medical need for the development and optimization of novel PIs with improved efficacy and tolerability, convenient dosing schedules, and shorter treatment durations. Methods The inhibitory efficacy of four computer-designed chemically-synthesized compounds was evaluated against in vitro-expressed NS3/4A protease from HCV genotype 4a, the most prevalent genotype in Egypt, using a fluorescence-based enzymatic assay. Results We successfully identified two non-macrocyclic small molecules, BE113 (7a) and BE114 (7b), which exhibited inhibitory activity against HCV NS3/4A protease from HCV genotype 4a. Conclusion The two compounds presented in this study may be promising inhibitors against NS3/4A protease of HCV genotype 4a and could be novel lead compounds for developing new therapeutics for the treatment of chronic HCV infection.

ACS Style

Sara M. El-Sayed; Mohamed A.M. Ali; Bahaa Elgendy; Samar S. Dandash; Yvette Issac; Reda Saad; Mohamed M. Azab; Mohamed Ragaa Mohamed. Identification of novel small molecule inhibitors against the NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus genotype 4a. Current Pharmaceutical Design 2019, 24, 4484 -4491.

AMA Style

Sara M. El-Sayed, Mohamed A.M. Ali, Bahaa Elgendy, Samar S. Dandash, Yvette Issac, Reda Saad, Mohamed M. Azab, Mohamed Ragaa Mohamed. Identification of novel small molecule inhibitors against the NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus genotype 4a. Current Pharmaceutical Design. 2019; 24 (37):4484-4491.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sara M. El-Sayed; Mohamed A.M. Ali; Bahaa Elgendy; Samar S. Dandash; Yvette Issac; Reda Saad; Mohamed M. Azab; Mohamed Ragaa Mohamed. 2019. "Identification of novel small molecule inhibitors against the NS3/4A protease of hepatitis C virus genotype 4a." Current Pharmaceutical Design 24, no. 37: 4484-4491.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2018 in Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences
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ACS Style

Nouran Y. Hamed; Ahmed Kandeil; Jamal S. M. Sabir; Salah E. M. Abo-Aba; Nahid H. Hajrah; Mohammad K. Al-Ghamdi; Alawiah M. Alhibshi; Abdelfatteh El Omri; Areej K. Al-Gamdi; Mohamed A. Ali. EFFECT OF ANTIGEN CONTENT ON AVIAN INFLUENZA VACCINE EFFICIENCY. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 2018, 6, 997 -1003.

AMA Style

Nouran Y. Hamed, Ahmed Kandeil, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Salah E. M. Abo-Aba, Nahid H. Hajrah, Mohammad K. Al-Ghamdi, Alawiah M. Alhibshi, Abdelfatteh El Omri, Areej K. Al-Gamdi, Mohamed A. Ali. EFFECT OF ANTIGEN CONTENT ON AVIAN INFLUENZA VACCINE EFFICIENCY. Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences. 2018; 6 (6):997-1003.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nouran Y. Hamed; Ahmed Kandeil; Jamal S. M. Sabir; Salah E. M. Abo-Aba; Nahid H. Hajrah; Mohammad K. Al-Ghamdi; Alawiah M. Alhibshi; Abdelfatteh El Omri; Areej K. Al-Gamdi; Mohamed A. Ali. 2018. "EFFECT OF ANTIGEN CONTENT ON AVIAN INFLUENZA VACCINE EFFICIENCY." Journal of Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences 6, no. 6: 997-1003.

Journal article
Published: 26 June 2018 in Scientific Reports
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The newly emerging, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 virus of clade 2.3.4.4 was recently detected in wild birds and domestic poultry in Egypt in the 2016/2017 winter season. Vaccination based on commercial H5 vaccines is used as an essential control strategy in Egyptian poultry. Here, we studied the efficacy of the eight most common commercial H5 poultry vaccines in the Egyptian market and compared them with an experimental vaccine based on the Egyptian LPAI H5N8 virus that was prepared by using reverse genetics. The experimental vaccine and Re-5 commercial vaccine were able to completely protect chickens and significantly reduce virus shedding. Our results indicate that most of the commercial poultry H5 vaccines used in the present study were ineffective because the seed viruses in these vaccines are genetically distinct from the H5N8 viruses currently circulating in Egypt. Although some of the commercial vaccines protected chickens from mortality, they failed to prevent chickens from shedding the virus. Accordingly, we recommend updating and reinforcing the H5N8 prevention and control strategies in Egypt. The vaccination strategy should be reconsidered based on currently circulating viruses.

ACS Style

Ahmed Kandeil; Jamal S. M. Sabir; Ahmed Abdelaal; Ehab H. Mattar; Ahmed N. El-Taweel; Mumdooh J. Sabir; Ahmed Aly Khalil; Richard Webby; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. Efficacy of commercial vaccines against newly emerging avian influenza H5N8 virus in Egypt. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 9697 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Kandeil, Jamal S. M. Sabir, Ahmed Abdelaal, Ehab H. Mattar, Ahmed N. El-Taweel, Mumdooh J. Sabir, Ahmed Aly Khalil, Richard Webby, Ghazi Kayali, Mohamed A. Ali. Efficacy of commercial vaccines against newly emerging avian influenza H5N8 virus in Egypt. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):9697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Kandeil; Jamal S. M. Sabir; Ahmed Abdelaal; Ehab H. Mattar; Ahmed N. El-Taweel; Mumdooh J. Sabir; Ahmed Aly Khalil; Richard Webby; Ghazi Kayali; Mohamed A. Ali. 2018. "Efficacy of commercial vaccines against newly emerging avian influenza H5N8 virus in Egypt." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 9697.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in Gastroenterology
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ACS Style

Mohamed A. Ali; Lewis R. Roberts; William S. Harmsen; Terry Therneau. Tu1497 - Determinants of Patients Outcomes Following Locoregional Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology 2018, 154, 1 -1239.

AMA Style

Mohamed A. Ali, Lewis R. Roberts, William S. Harmsen, Terry Therneau. Tu1497 - Determinants of Patients Outcomes Following Locoregional Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2018; 154 (6):1-1239.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohamed A. Ali; Lewis R. Roberts; William S. Harmsen; Terry Therneau. 2018. "Tu1497 - Determinants of Patients Outcomes Following Locoregional Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma." Gastroenterology 154, no. 6: 1-1239.

Journal article
Published: 03 April 2018 in AGROFOR
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The experiment was carried out in the private orchards at Tayba Alhasnab area ofsouth Khartoum State, in Sudan during 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the waterproductivity, yield and quality of foster grapefruit irrigated by bubbler and surfaceirrigation system. Irrigation interval was 5 days in bubbler irrigation system andevery 7 to12 days in surface irrigation system depending on the prevailing weatherconditions. The results revealed that higher yield and number of fruits was obtainedon bubbler irrigation system compared to surface irrigation system. Moreover,bubbler irrigation system increased the total yield of foster grapefruit by 28% and25%, respectively as compared to surface irrigation system. Applying irrigatedwater under bubbler irrigation system improved the quality parameters of fostergrapefruit such as fruit diameter recorded significant differences on bubblerirrigation system compared with surface irrigation system in both years, fruitweight and peel thickness recorded significant differences (P≤0.001) betweenbubbler irrigation system and surface irrigation system on finger weight, but ondifferences in peel thickness in both years, total soluble solids of foster grapefruitirrigated by bubbler irrigation system were significantly higher (P≤ 0.001)compared with surface irrigation system in both years.However, bubbler irrigation system saved irrigation water by 68% and 71% andhad highest water productivity (2.9 and 2.7 kg/m3) compared to surface irrigationsystem (0.67 and 0.68 kg/m3). Also highest marginal rate of return was obtainedwith bubbler irrigation system compared to surface irrigation.

ACS Style

Ahmed Al-Khalifa B. Ahmed; Shaker Babiker Ahmed; Mohamed A. Ali; Adil Y. Yagoub. OPTIMIZING WATER PRODUCTIVITY, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPEFRUIT IRRIGATED BY BUBBLER AND SURFACE IRRIGATION UNDER KHARTOUM STATE SUDAN CONDITIONS. AGROFOR 2018, 3, 1 .

AMA Style

Ahmed Al-Khalifa B. Ahmed, Shaker Babiker Ahmed, Mohamed A. Ali, Adil Y. Yagoub. OPTIMIZING WATER PRODUCTIVITY, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPEFRUIT IRRIGATED BY BUBBLER AND SURFACE IRRIGATION UNDER KHARTOUM STATE SUDAN CONDITIONS. AGROFOR. 2018; 3 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahmed Al-Khalifa B. Ahmed; Shaker Babiker Ahmed; Mohamed A. Ali; Adil Y. Yagoub. 2018. "OPTIMIZING WATER PRODUCTIVITY, YIELD AND QUALITY OF GRAPEFRUIT IRRIGATED BY BUBBLER AND SURFACE IRRIGATION UNDER KHARTOUM STATE SUDAN CONDITIONS." AGROFOR 3, no. 1: 1.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2018 in Letters in Drug Design & Discovery
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Background: Influenza is a common respiratory tract infection caused by RNA-virus of the family Orthomyxoviridae; influenza virus, causing variety of symptoms including fever, nasal secretions, cough, muscle pain and pneumonia. It is classified into three distinct types A, B & C. Many 1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 1,3,4-oxadiazoles and 1,2,4-triazoles have showed broad spectrum of biological activities. These heterocycles are considered lead for their high antiviral activity against wide range of viruses. Methods: Research and online content related to chemistry of anti-influenza agents have been reviewed, five schemes were applied to obtain the target compounds, then these compounds underwent in vitro anti-influenza screening. Results: Thirty novel compounds were in vitro screened against the highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus in MDCK cells. Amantadine was used as control drug. Six compounds showed excellent activity (79-100 % virus inhibition) namely 6c, 14b, 14c, 19b, 30b, 30e with 14c being the most active compound. Five compounds exhibited moderate inhibition (44-70%) namely 5c, 6b, 23a, 23b, 30c. Conclusion: From the previous results, we found that presence of the triazole ring decreased the antiviral activity. While compound 19b that contains benzimidazole nucleus showed excellent inhibition. Presence of the thiadiazole ring greatly affected the activity in different ways according to the substitution on the ring. Moving to the oxadiazole series 14a-c, 16, 28b,c and 30a-f, the change in substitutions greatly affected the antiviral activity. Presence of 4-tolyl or 4-chlorophenyl at position 5 of the oxadiazole greatly enhanced the activity in 14b,c.

ACS Style

Samar S. Tawfik; Abdelbasset A. Farahat; Magda A.-A El-Sayed; Atif S. Tantawy; Ola Bagato; Mohamed A. Ali. Synthesis and Anti-influenza Activity of Novel Thiadiazole, Oxadiazole and Triazole Based Scaffolds. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 2018, 15, 363 -374.

AMA Style

Samar S. Tawfik, Abdelbasset A. Farahat, Magda A.-A El-Sayed, Atif S. Tantawy, Ola Bagato, Mohamed A. Ali. Synthesis and Anti-influenza Activity of Novel Thiadiazole, Oxadiazole and Triazole Based Scaffolds. Letters in Drug Design & Discovery. 2018; 15 (4):363-374.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Samar S. Tawfik; Abdelbasset A. Farahat; Magda A.-A El-Sayed; Atif S. Tantawy; Ola Bagato; Mohamed A. Ali. 2018. "Synthesis and Anti-influenza Activity of Novel Thiadiazole, Oxadiazole and Triazole Based Scaffolds." Letters in Drug Design & Discovery 15, no. 4: 363-374.