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Prof. Dr. Lin Feng
Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China

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0 Immunology
0 Nutrition
0 intestinal health
0 Flesh quality
0 Aquculture

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Journal article
Published: 18 June 2021 in Aquaculture
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This study aimed to investigate the effects of tea polyphenol (TP) supplementation on attenuating Aeromonas hydrophila - induced intestinal barrier function injury in fish. A total of 540 healthy grass carp (187.49 ± 0.66 g) were randomly divided into six groups with three replicates and fed TP-supplemented diets at 0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 mg/kg for 60 days. After the growth trial, 24 fish per group were randomly selected for a challenge test with A. hydrophila for 6 days. The results indicated that an appropriate level of TP (120 mg/kg diet) repair damaged the intestinal morphology of fish induced by A. hydrophila. Additionally, appropriate level of TP ameliorated the intestinal apical junctional complex partly, which was partly related to the up-regulation of the expressions of tight junction and adherent junction proteins via the RhoA/ROCK pathway in the fish intestine. Based on the results of this research, dietary TP supplementation possesses a protective function of the intestinal physical barrier in fish against A. hydrophila, making TP a functional feed additive for aquaculture and providing a solution for the issue of hazards to human health caused by antibiotic residues in aquatic food.

ACS Style

Yao-Bin Ma; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Tea polyphenol alleviate Aeromonas hydrophila - induced intestinal physical barrier damage in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture 2021, 544, 737067 .

AMA Style

Yao-Bin Ma, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Tea polyphenol alleviate Aeromonas hydrophila - induced intestinal physical barrier damage in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture. 2021; 544 ():737067.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao-Bin Ma; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2021. "Tea polyphenol alleviate Aeromonas hydrophila - induced intestinal physical barrier damage in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Aquaculture 544, no. : 737067.

Journal article
Published: 24 December 2020 in Toxins
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Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination widely occurs in various feed ingredients and food crops, potentially posing a serious health threat to animals. In this research, 1260 juvenile grass carp were separately fed with seven distinct experimental diets (0, 406, 795, 1209, 1612, 2003 and 2406 µg of OTA/kg of diet) for 60 consecutive days to evaluate OTA’s toxic effect on the intestinal apical junctional complex (including the tight junction (TJ) and the adherents junction (AJ)) and the underlying action mechanisms. Our experiment firstly confirmed that OTA caused fish growth retardation and disrupted the intestinal structural integrity. The detailed results show that OTA (1) depressed the feed efficiency, percentage weight gain and specific growth rate; (2) accumulated in the intestine; (3) caused oxidative damage and increased intestinal permeability; and (4) induced the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway, destroying intestinal apical junctional complexes. Notably, OTA intervention did not result in changes in the gene expression of claudin-3c (in the proximal intestine (PI)), claudin-b and ZO-2b (in the mid intestine (MI) and distal intestine (DI)) in the fish intestine.

ACS Style

Xin Liu; Pei Wu; Wei-Dan Jiang; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Effects of Dietary Ochratoxin A on Growth Performance and Intestinal Apical Junctional Complex of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Toxins 2020, 13, 11 .

AMA Style

Xin Liu, Pei Wu, Wei-Dan Jiang, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Effects of Dietary Ochratoxin A on Growth Performance and Intestinal Apical Junctional Complex of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Toxins. 2020; 13 (1):11.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xin Liu; Pei Wu; Wei-Dan Jiang; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2020. "Effects of Dietary Ochratoxin A on Growth Performance and Intestinal Apical Junctional Complex of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Toxins 13, no. 1: 11.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2020 in Aquaculture
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Tea polyphenols (TP) are functional feed additives (antioxidants) derived from tea. Research to date has not investigated the impacts of TP on flavour quality, healthcare components, and physicochemical parameters of fish flesh. This study aimed to investigate whether dietary TP in growing grass carp could provide high quality fish flesh. 540 fish (187.49 ± 0.66 g) were fed six diets with different concentrations of TP (0, 40, 80, 120, 160 and 200 mg / kg) for 60 days to determine the effects of TP on flesh quality. The results demonstrated that appropriate dietary TP supplementation benefits growing grass carp in the following respects: (1) promoting performance of growth and nutritional value of fish, (2) enhancing flavour of flesh by increasing the levels of umami-taste free amino acids (glutamic acid and aspartic acid) (3) increasing healthcare components of flesh particularly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3), (4) improving physicochemical properties (firmness,pH, water-holding capacity) of flesh. The present research explores, for the first time, the effects of TP on enhancing the collagen content, which is partly correlated with the upregulation of type I collagen synthesis genes Col1α1 and Col1α2, mediated through transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) by Smad pathway in fish muscle. Based on growth performance (percentage weight gain) and fish flesh quality indices (EPA, DHA, shear force, and pH), the appropriate dietary supplementation of TP in growing grass carp were assessed to be 103.01, 116.30, 106.60, 141.15 and 113.49 mg/kg, using quadratic regression analysis. In summary, TP is a promising feed additive to improve fish flesh quality.

ACS Style

Yao-Bin Ma; Jin-Xiu Zhang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Lin Feng. Effect of tea polyphenols on flavour, healthcare components, physicochemical properties, and mechanisms of collagen synthesis in growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) muscle. Aquaculture 2020, 534, 736237 .

AMA Style

Yao-Bin Ma, Jin-Xiu Zhang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Lin Feng. Effect of tea polyphenols on flavour, healthcare components, physicochemical properties, and mechanisms of collagen synthesis in growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) muscle. Aquaculture. 2020; 534 ():736237.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yao-Bin Ma; Jin-Xiu Zhang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Lin Feng. 2020. "Effect of tea polyphenols on flavour, healthcare components, physicochemical properties, and mechanisms of collagen synthesis in growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) muscle." Aquaculture 534, no. : 736237.

Original article
Published: 27 September 2020 in Aquaculture Research
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This study investigated the effect of curcumin on growth performance, intestinal digestion, and absorption and amino acid transportation in on‐growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Curcumin at six levels (control (0), 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 mg/kg) was included in the fish diets for 60 days. Dietary curcumin supplementation increased weight gain, final body weight, body length, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, feed efficiency, intestinal somatic index, intestinal protein content, intestine weight, folds height, digestion enzyme and brush border enzyme activities of the on‐growing grass carp. Notably, based on the quadratic regression of percentage weight gain, the most appropriate curcumin supplementation level was estimated to be 312.27 mg/kg in the diet of on‐growing grass carp. Curcumin diversely enhanced the mRNA abundance of neutral and cationic amino acid transporters, neutral amino acid transporters, cationic amino acid transporter, anionic amino acid transporters and peptide transporter 1 in the different segments of the fish intestine. In addition, curcumin up‐regulated the target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway molecules. Therefore, curcumin was beneficial for the growth performance of fish by improving intestinal growth and development, intestinal digestion, and absorption, and amino acid transportation abilities.

ACS Style

Guozhang Li; Xiaoqiu Zhou; Weidan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Shengyao Kuang; Ling Tang; Hequn Shi; Lin Feng. Dietary curcumin supplementation enhanced growth performance, intestinal digestion, and absorption and amino acid transportation abilities in on‐growing grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ). Aquaculture Research 2020, 51, 4863 -4873.

AMA Style

Guozhang Li, Xiaoqiu Zhou, Weidan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Shengyao Kuang, Ling Tang, Hequn Shi, Lin Feng. Dietary curcumin supplementation enhanced growth performance, intestinal digestion, and absorption and amino acid transportation abilities in on‐growing grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ). Aquaculture Research. 2020; 51 (12):4863-4873.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Guozhang Li; Xiaoqiu Zhou; Weidan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Shengyao Kuang; Ling Tang; Hequn Shi; Lin Feng. 2020. "Dietary curcumin supplementation enhanced growth performance, intestinal digestion, and absorption and amino acid transportation abilities in on‐growing grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )." Aquaculture Research 51, no. 12: 4863-4873.

Journal article
Published: 22 August 2020 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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This research investigates the influences of dietary mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) on the head-kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and its related mechanism. Fish were fed during 60 days at different levels of MOS (0, 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 mg kg−1). Subsequently, 14 days after the feeding trial was injected intraperitoneally with Aeromonas hydrophila, the immune function was studied. The results are as follows: (1) appropriate MOS supplementation could increase the content of antibacterial compound and immunoglobulin (Ig), up-regulate antimicrobial peptides transcriptional levels in these two organs; (2) appropriate MOS supplementation attenuated inflammatory response in these two organs by regulating cytokines (pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines) and related signalling pathways (NF-κB and TOR). The interesting points though, was, no differences were found in liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, interleukin (IL)-8, IL-4/13B, IκB kinase (IKK) α and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p52 gene expression in these two organs. Consequently, the present research suggests that MOS supplementation can enhance head-kidney and spleen immune function. Finally, we obtained these appropriate MOS dose (538.5 and 585.8 mg kg−1) by quadratic regression analysis of lysozyme activity (head-kidney) and phosphatase activity (spleen), respectively.

ACS Style

Zhi-Yuan Lu; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Juan Yang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Mannan oligosaccharides supplementation enhanced head-kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2020, 106, 596 -608.

AMA Style

Zhi-Yuan Lu, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Juan Yang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Mannan oligosaccharides supplementation enhanced head-kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2020; 106 ():596-608.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhi-Yuan Lu; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Juan Yang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2020. "Mannan oligosaccharides supplementation enhanced head-kidney and spleen immune function in on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 106, no. : 596-608.

Original article
Published: 20 February 2020 in Aquaculture Nutrition
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This study investigated the effect of xylanase supplementation of a plant protein‐enriched diet on the growth performance and intestinal immune function of grass carp grow‐out (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Five hundred forty healthy grass carp grow‐out (232.74 ± 0.12 g) were fed diets containing graded levels of xylanase for 60 days. The fish were then challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. The results indicated that xylanase supplementation (a) improved fish growth performance and optimized the intestinal microflora; (b) increased lysozyme and acid phosphatase activities, complement and immunoglobulin M levels and antibacterial peptide hepcidin mRNA levels, thereby enhancing fish intestinal immune function; and (c) attenuated intestinal inflammation associated with the inhibition of the NF‐κB signalling pathway and activation of the TOR signalling pathway, resulting in the down‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines [except IL‐1β and IL‐12p40 in the distal intestine (DI) and IL‐6 in the proximal intestine (PI)] and up‐regulation of anti‐inflammatory cytokines [except IL‐4/13B and TGF‐β1 in the mid intestine (MI) and DI]. Finally, on the premise of a basal diet containing 45.8 g/kg araboxylans (AXs), the appropriate supplementation levels based on the ability to improve per cent weight gain (PWG) and prevent enteritis were estimated to be 1,527 and 1,608 U/kg, respectively.

ACS Style

Yu‐Lin Jin; Xiao‐Qiu Zhou; Wei‐Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Yun‐Yun Zeng; Sheng‐Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Yong‐An Zhang; Lin Feng. Xylanase supplementation in plant protein‐enriched diets improves growth performance by optimizing the intestinal microflora and enhancing the intestinal immune function in grass carp grow‐out ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ). Aquaculture Nutrition 2020, 26, 781 -800.

AMA Style

Yu‐Lin Jin, Xiao‐Qiu Zhou, Wei‐Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Yun‐Yun Zeng, Sheng‐Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Yong‐An Zhang, Lin Feng. Xylanase supplementation in plant protein‐enriched diets improves growth performance by optimizing the intestinal microflora and enhancing the intestinal immune function in grass carp grow‐out ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ). Aquaculture Nutrition. 2020; 26 (3):781-800.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yu‐Lin Jin; Xiao‐Qiu Zhou; Wei‐Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Yun‐Yun Zeng; Sheng‐Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Yong‐An Zhang; Lin Feng. 2020. "Xylanase supplementation in plant protein‐enriched diets improves growth performance by optimizing the intestinal microflora and enhancing the intestinal immune function in grass carp grow‐out ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )." Aquaculture Nutrition 26, no. 3: 781-800.

Original article
Published: 16 February 2020 in Aquaculture Nutrition
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To investigate the effect of dietary folic acid on fish flesh quality, muscle antioxidant status and the potential mechanism, young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were fed diets containing 0.10–3.12 mg/kg diet of folic acid for 8 weeks. The results showed that optimum folic acid increased muscle contents of protein, lipid, pH, shear force, amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids, hydroxyproline and glutathione, whereas contents of moisture, cooking loss, lactate and saturated fatty acids and cathepsin L activity showed an opposite trend (p < .05). Moreover, optimum folic acid elevated antioxidant enzyme activities and mRNA levels, as well as NF‐E2‐related factor 2 and casein kinase 2 mRNA levels (p < .05). However, optimum folic acid decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1a (Keap1a) and Keap1b mRNA levels (p < .05). Interestingly, excess folic acid induced negative effects on above‐mentioned parameters (p < .05). Summarily, this study indicated that optimum folic acid improved fish flesh quality and muscle antioxidant system associated with Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway. Based on muscle cathepsin L activity and ROS content, the folic acid requirements for young grass carp were 1.87 and 1.80 mg/kg diet, respectively, regarding to the flesh quality and antioxidant status.

ACS Style

Lei Shi; Xiao‐Qiu Zhou; Wei‐Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng‐Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Lin Feng. The effect of dietary folic acid on flesh quality and muscle antioxidant status referring to Nrf2 signalling pathway in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture Nutrition 2020, 26, 631 -645.

AMA Style

Lei Shi, Xiao‐Qiu Zhou, Wei‐Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Sheng‐Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Lin Feng. The effect of dietary folic acid on flesh quality and muscle antioxidant status referring to Nrf2 signalling pathway in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture Nutrition. 2020; 26 (3):631-645.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lei Shi; Xiao‐Qiu Zhou; Wei‐Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng‐Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Lin Feng. 2020. "The effect of dietary folic acid on flesh quality and muscle antioxidant status referring to Nrf2 signalling pathway in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Aquaculture Nutrition 26, no. 3: 631-645.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2019 in Aquaculture
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This study aims to explore the effects of dietary betaine (BET) supplementations in low methionine (Met) diet on the growth performance and intestinal immune function of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 on-growing grass carp (210 ± 0.68 g) were fed with a normal Met diet and five diets containing graded levels of BET supplementations (0, 1.6, 3.2, 4.8 and 6.4 g kg−1) in low Met diet for 60 days. Subsequently, a challenge test was conducted by injection with Aeromonas hydrophila for 14 days. Results showed that, compared with BET0 group, appropriate BET supplementations (1) could enhance the abilities of fish against enteritis, intestinal lysozyme activities (LZ), acid phosphatase activities (ACP), complement 3 (C3) and C4 contents and IgM contents, and up-regulate the transcript abundances of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B, LEAP-1/hepcidin and β-defensin-1 (P < .05); (2) could down-regulate intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γ2, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA levels partly related to [IKK β, γ/IκBα/NF-κBp65, c-Rel] signaling pathway; (3) could up-regulate intestinal anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, IL-4/13A and IL-10 mRNA levels partly related to the target of rapamycin (TOR) [TOR/(S6K1, 4E-BP1 and 4E-BP2)] signaling pathway. Furthermore, BET could spare part methionine (Met) and the actually comprehensive efficacy of BET relative to DL-Met was estimated to be 113.14% for on-growing grass carp (body weight 210–776 g) based on percent weight gain (PWG). Finally, based on PWG and LZ, the appropriate BET supplementations for on-growing grass carp (body weight 210–776 g) were estimated to be 4.28 and 4.51 g kg−1 diet, respectively. In general, dietary BET supplementations in low Met diet boosted the growth performance and enhanced the immune function in the intestines of on-growing grass carp.

ACS Style

Hao Sun; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Qi-Hui Yang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Betaine supplementations enhance the intestinal immunity of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Partly related to TOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Aquaculture 2019, 518, 734846 .

AMA Style

Hao Sun, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Qi-Hui Yang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Betaine supplementations enhance the intestinal immunity of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Partly related to TOR and NF-κB signaling pathways. Aquaculture. 2019; 518 ():734846.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hao Sun; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Qi-Hui Yang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2019. "Betaine supplementations enhance the intestinal immunity of on-growing grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Partly related to TOR and NF-κB signaling pathways." Aquaculture 518, no. : 734846.

Research article
Published: 09 December 2019 in PLOS ONE
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This study was conducted to assess the effects of dietary Clostridium butyricum on the growth, immunity, intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Three hundreds of tilapia (56.21 ± 0.81 g) were divided into 5 groups and fed a diet supplemented with C. butyricum at 0, 1 x 104, 1 x 105, 1 x 106 or 1 x 107 CFU g-1 diet (denoted as CG, CB1, CB2, CB3 and CB4, respectively) for 56 days. Then 45 fish from each group were intraperitoneally injected with Streptococcus agalactiae, and the mortality was recorded for 14 days. The results showed that dietary C. butyricum significantly improved the specific growth rate (SGR) and feed intake in the CB2 group and decreased the cumulative mortality post-challenge with S. agalactiae in the CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups. The serum total antioxidant capacity and intestinal interleukin receptor-associated kinase-4 gene expression were significantly increased, and serum malondialdehyde content and diamine oxidase activity were significantly decreased in the CB1, CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups. Serum complement 3 and complement 4 concentrations and intestinal gene expression of tumour necrosis factor α, interleukin 8, and myeloid differentiation factor 88 were significantly higher in the CB2, CB3 and CB4 groups. Intestinal toll-like receptor 2 gene expression was significantly upregulated in the CB3 and CB4 groups. Dietary C. butyricum increased the diversity of the intestinal microbiota and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria (such as Bacillus), and decreased the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria (such as Aeromonas) in the CB2 group. These results revealed that dietary C. butyricum at a suitable dose enhanced growth performance, elevated humoral and intestinal immunity, regulated the intestinal microbial components, and improved disease resistance in tilapia. The optimal dose was 1 x 105 CFU g-1 diet.

ACS Style

Hongqin Li; Ying Zhou; Huayun Ling; Li Luo; Desheng Qi; Lin Feng. The effect of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0223428 .

AMA Style

Hongqin Li, Ying Zhou, Huayun Ling, Li Luo, Desheng Qi, Lin Feng. The effect of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (12):e0223428.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hongqin Li; Ying Zhou; Huayun Ling; Li Luo; Desheng Qi; Lin Feng. 2019. "The effect of dietary supplementation with Clostridium butyricum on the growth performance, immunity, intestinal microbiota and disease resistance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)." PLOS ONE 14, no. 12: e0223428.

Journal article
Published: 11 October 2019 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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The current study aimed to investigate the effects and mechanisms of dietary soybean β-conglycinin in immune function and oxidative damage among different intestinal segments of juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). 240 fish (13.77 ± 0.10 g) were fed control or 8% β‐conglycinin diet for 7 weeks. Dietary β-conglycinin caused inconsistent suppression effects on the innate immune by decreasing complement component, lysozyme, antimicrobial peptide and acid phosphatase among different intestinal segments. Meanwhile, dietary β-conglycinin caused inflammation in the mid and distal intestine by raising pro-inflammatory cytokines and declining anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA levels, while more serious in the distal intestine than in the mid intestine. Furthermore, dietary β-conglycinin regulating inflammatory cytokines might be associated with transcription factors nuclear factor-κB P65 (NF-κB P65) nucleus translocation and target of rapamycin (TOR) phosphorylation in the distal intestine but only related to TOR phosphorylation in the mid intestine. Interestingly, in the proximal intestine, dietary β-conglycinin decreased both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines mRNA level, and did not affect NF-κB P65 nucleus translocation and TOR phosphorylation. For oxidative damage, dietary β-conglycinin exposure elevated both malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) contents in the distal intestine, which might be attributed to the suppression of the Mn-SOD, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. In the mid intestine, dietary β-conglycinin only increased PC content in association with the low activities of CAT, GPx and glutathione peroxidase (GR). Unexpectedly, in the proximal intestine, dietary β-conglycinin did not significantly change MDA and PC contents while decreased antioxidant enzyme activities. Furtherly, dietary β-conglycinin affect the antioxidant enzyme activity might be regulated by the varying pattern of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) nucleus translocation among these three intestinal segments. In summary, dietary β-conglycinin caused intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage in association with NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 signaling molecules, which were varying among the three intestinal segments of grass carp.

ACS Style

Xu-Dong Duan; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Bei-Ping Tan; Qi-Hui Yang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Soybean β-conglycinin caused intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage in association with NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): varying among different intestinal segments. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2019, 95, 105 -116.

AMA Style

Xu-Dong Duan, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Bei-Ping Tan, Qi-Hui Yang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Soybean β-conglycinin caused intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage in association with NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): varying among different intestinal segments. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2019; 95 ():105-116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xu-Dong Duan; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Bei-Ping Tan; Qi-Hui Yang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2019. "Soybean β-conglycinin caused intestinal inflammation and oxidative damage in association with NF-κB, TOR and Nrf2 in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): varying among different intestinal segments." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 95, no. : 105-116.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2019 in Toxins
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Zearalenone (ZEA) is a prevalent mycotoxin with high toxicity in animals. In order to study its effect on juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), six diets supplemented with different levels of ZEA (0, 535, 1041, 1548, 2002, and 2507 μg/kg diet) for 10 weeks were studied to assess its toxicity on intestinal structural integrity and potential mechanisms of action. Our report firstly proved that ZEA led to growth retardation and body deformity, and impaired the intestinal structural integrity of juvenile grass carp, as revealed by the following findings: (1) ZEA accumulated in the intestine and caused histopathological lesions; (2) ZEA resulted in oxidative injury, apoptosis, and breached tight junctions in the fish intestine, which were probably associated with Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (p38MAPK), and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signaling pathways, respectively. ZEA had no influence on the antioxidant gene levels of Kelch-like ECH associating protein 1 (Keap1)b (rather than Keap1a), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)P1, GSTP2 (not in the distal intestine (DI)), tight junctions occludin, claudin-c (not in the proximal intestine (PI)), or claudin-3c (not in the mid intestine (MI) or DI).

ACS Style

Ya-Li Wang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Shang-Wen Wang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Lin Feng. Effects of Dietary Zearalenone on Oxidative Stress, Cell Apoptosis, and Tight Junction in the Intestine of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Toxins 2019, 11, 333 .

AMA Style

Ya-Li Wang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Shang-Wen Wang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Lin Feng. Effects of Dietary Zearalenone on Oxidative Stress, Cell Apoptosis, and Tight Junction in the Intestine of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Toxins. 2019; 11 (6):333.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ya-Li Wang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Shang-Wen Wang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Lin Feng. 2019. "Effects of Dietary Zearalenone on Oxidative Stress, Cell Apoptosis, and Tight Junction in the Intestine of Juvenile Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Toxins 11, no. 6: 333.

Journal article
Published: 12 March 2019 in Aquaculture
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Phosphorus (P) is an important and essential mineral for fish. To investigate the effects of dietary P on gill immune and physical barrier function in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), fish were fed six graded levels of dietary available P (0.95–8.75 g/kg diet) for 60 days, and then sampled 3 days after a challenge test (exposure to water containing Flavobacterium columnare; 1.0 × 108 colony-forming units (cfu)/ml for 3 h). P deficiency resulted in a decline in gill antimicrobial compound production, and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2A (LEAP-2A), LEAP-2B, hepcidin and β-defensin-1 transcript abundance. P deficiency also decreased target of rapamycin transcript and protein expression and increased nuclear factor kappa B p65 mRNA expression, which because of their association with anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression, respectively, suggesting that P deficiency increased post-infection gill inflammation and could impair immune barrier function. Furthermore, P deficiency: (1) Enhanced Fas ligand /caspase-8 death receptor and Bcl-2associated X protein/apoptotic protease activating factor-1/caspase-9 mRNA expression (which is indicative of increased apoptosis). (2) Inhibited Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1b/NF-E2-related factor 2 mRNA expression, decreased the expression of antioxidant enzyme transcript levels and activities (with the exception of CuZnSOD mRNA expression), and increased ROS, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl levels. This data suggests that protection against ROS-related damage was compromised with P deficiency. (3) Up-regulated myosin light chain kinase transcript levels, a response that was associated with the down-regulation zonula occludens 1 (but not ZO-2), occludin and claudin (except claudin-12) mRNA levels. This latter result suggesting that tight junction functional integrity (and thus, gill physical barrier function) was impaired. These data, combined with the fact that P deficiency led to opercular deformation and gill rot syndrome, suggest that insufficient dietary levels of this mineral (i.e. below ~5.75 mg/kg P) could increase the susceptibility of fishes to water borne pathogens.

ACS Style

Kang Chen; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Wu-Neng Tang; Lin Feng. Dietary phosphorus deficiency caused alteration of gill immune and physical barrier function in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after infection with Flavobacterium columnare. Aquaculture 2019, 506, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Kang Chen, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Wu-Neng Tang, Lin Feng. Dietary phosphorus deficiency caused alteration of gill immune and physical barrier function in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after infection with Flavobacterium columnare. Aquaculture. 2019; 506 ():1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kang Chen; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Wu-Neng Tang; Lin Feng. 2019. "Dietary phosphorus deficiency caused alteration of gill immune and physical barrier function in the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) after infection with Flavobacterium columnare." Aquaculture 506, no. : 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2019 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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The present study was the first to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin A (VA) on the intestinal physical barrier function associated with oxidation, antioxidant system, apoptosis and cell-cellular tight junction (TJ) in the proximal (PI), mid (MI) and distal (DI) intestines of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish were fed graded levels of dietary VA for 10 weeks, and then a challenge test using an injection of Aeromonas hydrophila was conducted for 14 days. Results indicated that dietary VA deficiency caused oxidative damage to fish intestine partly by the reduced non-enzymatic antioxidant components glutathione (GSH) and VA contents as well as reduced antioxidant enzyme activities [not including manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD)]. Further results observed that the decreased antioxidant enzyme activities by VA deficiency were partly related to the down-regulation of their corresponding mRNA levels which were regulated by the down-regulation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) mRNA levels and up-regulation of kelch-like-ECH-associated protein (Keap1a) (rather than Keap1b) mRNA levels in three intestinal segments of fish. Meanwhile, VA deficiency up-regulated the mRNA levels of the apoptosis signalling [caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9 (rather than caspase-7)] associated with the inhibition of the target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway in three intestinal segments of fish. Additionally, VA deficiency decreased the mRNA levels of TJ complexes [claudin-b, claudin-c, claudin-3, claudin-12, claudin-15a, occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) in the PI, MI and DI, as well as claudin-7 and claudin-11a in the MI and DI] linked to the up-regulation of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling. These results suggested that VA deficiency impaired structural integrity in three intestinal segments of fish. Meanwhile, excessive VA also showed similar negative effects on these indexes. Taken together, the current study firstly demonstrated that VA deficiency impaired physical barrier functions associated with impaired antioxidant capacity, aggravated cell apoptosis and disrupted TJ complexes in the PI, MI and DI, but different segments performed different actions in fish. Based on protecting fish against protein oxidation, the optimal VA levels for grass carp were estimated to be 2622 IU/kg diet.

ACS Style

Wei-Dan Jiang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Li Zhang; Yang Liu; Pei Wu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Wu-Neng Tang; Yong-An Zhang; He-Qun Shi; Lin Feng. Vitamin A deficiency impairs intestinal physical barrier function of fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2019, 87, 546 -558.

AMA Style

Wei-Dan Jiang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Li Zhang, Yang Liu, Pei Wu, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Wu-Neng Tang, Yong-An Zhang, He-Qun Shi, Lin Feng. Vitamin A deficiency impairs intestinal physical barrier function of fish. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2019; 87 ():546-558.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wei-Dan Jiang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Li Zhang; Yang Liu; Pei Wu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Wu-Neng Tang; Yong-An Zhang; He-Qun Shi; Lin Feng. 2019. "Vitamin A deficiency impairs intestinal physical barrier function of fish." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 87, no. : 546-558.

Research article
Published: 30 January 2019 in PLOS ONE
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Health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties were analysed after feeding grass carp graded concentrations of soybean isoflavones (SIF) (0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125 mg/kg) for 60 days. The results demonstrated that optimal dietary SIF supplementation improved the protein and total PUFA content, especially healthcare n-3 PUFA (C18: 3n-3, EPA and DHA), and increased the flavour-related free amino acid [especially umami amino acid] and 5'-inosine monophosphate content, improving the health benefits and flavour quality indicators in the muscle of grass carp. In addition, optimal dietary SIF supplementation (25 or 50 mg SIF/kg diet) enhanced some physical properties [water-holding capacity and tenderness] and increased the collagen content; however, it reduced cathepsin activity and apoptosis. SIF supplementation enhanced the glutathione content and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (except CuZnSOD) by regulating their gene expression. The gene expression could be regulated by NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling in the muscle of grass carp. We demonstrated that optimal dietary SIF supplementation elevated the health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties of fish muscle.

ACS Style

Bo Yang; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Wu-Neng Tang; Shang-Wen Wang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Soybean isoflavones improve the health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties of grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella). PLOS ONE 2019, 14, e0209570 .

AMA Style

Bo Yang, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Yun-Yun Zeng, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Wu-Neng Tang, Shang-Wen Wang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Soybean isoflavones improve the health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties of grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella). PLOS ONE. 2019; 14 (1):e0209570.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bo Yang; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Wu-Neng Tang; Shang-Wen Wang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2019. "Soybean isoflavones improve the health benefits, flavour quality indicators and physical properties of grass carp (Ctenopharygodon idella)." PLOS ONE 14, no. 1: e0209570.

Research article
Published: 17 December 2018 in Aquaculture
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A 60 days feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary nucleotides levels on growth performance, proximate composition, physicochemical properties, amino acids constituents, fatty acids composition, apoptosis and antioxidant status related mechanism of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) (initial weight: 200.00 ± 1.00 g). Six graded levels of dietary nucleotides were designed as 0, 200.0, 400.0, 600.0, 800.0 and 1000.0 mg/kg, respectively. The results showed that, compared with control group, dietary nucleotides supplementation increased the growth of grass carp with higher final body weight, percentage weight gain and specific growth rate, decreased moisture but increased protein and lipid in muscle. However, dietary nucleotides had no effect on ash, calcium and phosphorus in fish fillets (P > .05). Dietary nucleotides supplementation increased the content of umami and sweetness-associated amino acids, flavor nucleotide (inosine mono-phosphate), healthcare n-3 PUFAs (EPA and DHA) and the ratio of n-3/n6 in fish muscle. Meanwhile, dietary nucleotides increased water holding capacity, tenderness and pH to enhance flesh quality, which were partly related to inhibited apoptosis with regulation of apoptosis-related gene expression, decreased hydroxyproline with increase of cathepsins activities and decreased lactate in muscle, respectively. In addition, dietary nucleotides enhanced flesh quality of grass carp fillets concerning increasing antioxidant enzymes activities and its gene expression, which were modulated by signaling molecules (TOR and Nrf2) gene and protein expression in grass carp muscle. In summary, dietary nucleotides supplementation increased growth performance, flavor characteristics, healthy fatty acid contents, physicochemical properties (water holding capacity, tenderness and pH), anti-apoptotic ability and antioxidant capacity in fish. This study demonstrated that nucleotides was a promising feed additives to enhance flesh quality in fish.

ACS Style

Huai-Mao Tie; Pei Wu; Wei-Dan Jiang; Yang Liu; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Dietary nucleotides supplementation affect the physicochemical properties, amino acid and fatty acid constituents, apoptosis and antioxidant mechanisms in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) muscle. Aquaculture 2018, 502, 312 -325.

AMA Style

Huai-Mao Tie, Pei Wu, Wei-Dan Jiang, Yang Liu, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Yun-Yun Zeng, Jun Jiang, Ling Tang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Dietary nucleotides supplementation affect the physicochemical properties, amino acid and fatty acid constituents, apoptosis and antioxidant mechanisms in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) muscle. Aquaculture. 2018; 502 ():312-325.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Huai-Mao Tie; Pei Wu; Wei-Dan Jiang; Yang Liu; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2018. "Dietary nucleotides supplementation affect the physicochemical properties, amino acid and fatty acid constituents, apoptosis and antioxidant mechanisms in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) muscle." Aquaculture 502, no. : 312-325.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2018 in Aquaculture
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For many years, feed-borne mycotoxin contamination has been a serious and unavoidable problem in the aquaculture industry. This problem is extensively aggravated due to the increasing replacement of fish meal by plant protein. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a mycotoxin that has received a great deal of attention, owing to its prevalence in plant feedstuffs and detrimental effects on animals. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of AFB1 on growth and health. The growth performance and structural integrity of immune organs were evaluated after feeding grass carp diets with 0, 29, 59, 86, 110 and 147 μg AFB1/kg for 60 days. The results indicated that dietary AFB1 caused poor growth performance and deformities in juvenile grass carp. In addition, we are the first to observe that AFB1 was detectable in the head kidney and spleen of juvenile grass carp and damages the structural integrity of those organs. And we, for the first time, explore potential mechanisms of this destruction effect to immune organs of fish, which might be partly involved in (1) attenuating antioxidant ability through up-regulation of Keap1a (not Keap1b) to suppress Nrf2 signalling leading to decrease of mRNA levels and activities of antioxidant enzymes (except GSTP1 mRNA level); (2) aggravating apoptosis partly by activating p38 MAPK signalling to activate mitochondria pathway and death receptor pathway; and (3) weakening TJs structure by promoting MLCK signalling to down-regulate the mRNA of TJs protein (claudin-12 was up-regulated) in the head kidney and spleen. Finally, based on the oxidative injury-related indexes (contents of MDA in the head kidney and PC in the spleen), the safe upper doses of AFB1 for grass carp were first estimated to be 30 and 29 μg/kg diet, respectively.

ACS Style

Zhen-Zhen Zeng; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Dietary aflatoxin B1 decreases growth performance and damages the structural integrity of immune organs in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture 2018, 500, 1 -17.

AMA Style

Zhen-Zhen Zeng, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Yun-Yun Zeng, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Dietary aflatoxin B1 decreases growth performance and damages the structural integrity of immune organs in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture. 2018; 500 ():1-17.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhen-Zhen Zeng; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2018. "Dietary aflatoxin B1 decreases growth performance and damages the structural integrity of immune organs in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Aquaculture 500, no. : 1-17.

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2018 in Scientific Reports
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Grass carp (223.85–757.33 g) were fed diets supplemented with magnesium (73.54–1054.53 mg/kg) for 60 days to explore the impacts of magnesium deficiency on the growth and intestinal structural integrity of the fish. The results demonstrated that magnesium deficiency suppressed the growth and damaged the intestinal structural integrity of the fish. We first demonstrated that magnesium is partly involved in (1) attenuating antioxidant ability by suppressing Nrf2 signalling to decrease antioxidant enzyme mRNA levels and activities (except CuZnSOD mRNA levels and activities); (2) aggravating apoptosis by activating JNK (not p38MAPK) signalling to upregulate proapoptotic protein (Apaf-1, Bax and FasL) and caspase-2, -3, -7, -8 and -9 gene expression but downregulate antiapoptotic protein (Bcl-2, IAP and Mcl-1b) gene expression; (3) weakening the function of tight junctional complexes (TJs) by promoting myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) signalling to downregulate TJ gene expression [except claudin-7, ZO-2b and claudin-15 gene expression]. Additionally, based on percent weight gain (PWG), against reactive oxygen species (ROS), against caspase-9 and claudin-3c in grass carp, the optimal dietary magnesium levels were calculated to be 770.38, 839.86, 856.79 and 811.49 mg/kg, respectively.

ACS Style

Shuo-Peng Wei; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Yong-An Zhang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Dietary magnesium deficiency impaired intestinal structural integrity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 1 -20.

AMA Style

Shuo-Peng Wei, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Yun-Yun Zeng, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Yong-An Zhang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Dietary magnesium deficiency impaired intestinal structural integrity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):1-20.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Shuo-Peng Wei; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Yong-An Zhang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2018. "Dietary magnesium deficiency impaired intestinal structural integrity in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 1-20.

Journal article
Published: 02 July 2018 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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This study was for the first time to investigate the effects of α-lipoic acid (LA) on growth and immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 540 healthy grass carp (with initial body weight at 216.59 ± 0.33 g) were randomly divided into six groups and fed six separate diets with graded dietary levels of LA for 70 days. Un-supplemented group did not find LA and its concentrations in the other five diets were 203.25, 403.82, 591.42, 781.25 and 953.18 mg kg−1, respectively. After the growth trial, fish were challenged with A. hydrophila for 14 days. The results showed that, compared with the un-supplemented group, optimal LA improved lysozyme (LZ) and acid phosphatase (ACP) activities, enhanced complement 3 (C3), C4 and immunoglobulin (Ig) M contents and up-regulated hepcidin, liver expressed antimicrobial peptide (LEAP)-2A, LEAP-2B and β-defensin-1 mRNA levels in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp; meanwhile, optimal LA up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokines transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, TGF-β2, interleukin (IL)-4/13A (not IL-4/13B), IL-10 and IL-11 mRNA levels partly related to target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling and down-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interferon (IFN)-γ2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12p40 (not IL-12p35), IL-15 (not in the skin) and IL-17D mRNA levels partially associated with nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signaling in the head kidney, spleen and skin of young grass carp. Above results indicated that optimal LA enhanced the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Interestingly, excessive LA decreased the growth and impaired the immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin in fish. Finally, on the basis of the percent weight gain (PWG), the ability against skin hemorrhage and lesion, the IgM content in the head kidney and the LZ activity in the spleen, the optimal dietary LA levels were estimated to be 315.37, 382.33, 353.19 and 318.26 mg kg−1 diet, respectively.

ACS Style

Hua-Xi Liu; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Lin Feng. Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) by enhancing immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2018, 80, 600 -617.

AMA Style

Hua-Xi Liu, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Yun-Yun Zeng, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Lin Feng. Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) by enhancing immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin. Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2018; 80 ():600-617.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Hua-Xi Liu; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Lin Feng. 2018. "Optimal α-lipoic acid strengthen immunity of young grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ) by enhancing immune function of head kidney, spleen and skin." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 80, no. : 600-617.

Journal article
Published: 12 June 2018 in Fish & Shellfish Immunology
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Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants of animal feed worldwide and brings significant threats to the animal production. However, studies concerning the effect of DON on fish intestine are scarce. This study explored the effects of DON on intestinal physical barrier in juvenile grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). A total of 1440 juvenile grass carp (12.17 ± 0.01 g) were fed six diets containing graded levels of DON (27, 318, 636, 922, 1243 and 1515 μg/kg diet) for 60 days. This study for the first time documented that DON caused body malformation in fish, and histopathological lesions, oxidative damage, declining antioxidant capacity, cell apoptosis and destruction of tight junctions in the intestine of fish. The results indicated that compared with control group (27 μg/kg diet), DON: (1) increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl (PC) content, and up-regulated the mRNA levels of Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1: Keap1a but not Keap1b), whereas decreased glutathione (GSH) content and antioxidant enzymes activities, and down-regulated the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes (except GSTR in MI) and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), as well as the protein levels of Nrf2 in fish intestine. (2) up-regulated cysteinyl aspartic acid-protease (caspase) -3, -7, -8, -9, apoptotic protease activating factor-1 (Apaf-1), Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), Fas ligand (FasL) and c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (JNK) mRNA levels, whereas down-regulated B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2) and myeloid cell leukemia-1 (Mcl-1) mRNA levels in fish intestine. (3) down-regulated the mRNA levels of ZO-1, ZO-2b, occludin, claudin-c, -f, -7a, -7b, -11 (except claudin-b and claudin-3c), whereas up-regulated the mRNA levels of claudin-12, -15a (not -15b) and myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) in fish intestine. All above data indicated that DON caused the oxidative damage, apoptosis and the destruction of tight junctions via Nrf2, JNK and MLCK signaling in the intestine of fish, respectively. Finally, based on PWG, FE, PC and MDA, the safe dose of DON for grass carp were all estimated to be 318 μg/kg diet.

ACS Style

Chen Huang; Pei Wu; Wei-Dan Jiang; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Yong-An Zhang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Deoxynivalenol decreased the growth performance and impaired intestinal physical barrier in juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ). Fish & Shellfish Immunology 2018, 80, 376 -391.

AMA Style

Chen Huang, Pei Wu, Wei-Dan Jiang, Yang Liu, Yun-Yun Zeng, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Yong-An Zhang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Deoxynivalenol decreased the growth performance and impaired intestinal physical barrier in juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella ). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. 2018; 80 ():376-391.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen Huang; Pei Wu; Wei-Dan Jiang; Yang Liu; Yun-Yun Zeng; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Yong-An Zhang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2018. "Deoxynivalenol decreased the growth performance and impaired intestinal physical barrier in juvenile grass carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idella )." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 80, no. : 376-391.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2018 in Aquaculture
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of gossypol on the growth, intestinal histology, intestinal amino acid (AA) absorption capacity and the safe upper limit of gossypol in the diets for young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) growth. The fish were fed six diets containing different levels of free gossypol (0, 125 (121.38), 250 (243.94), 375 (363.89), 775 (759.93) and 1175 (1162.06) mg kg−1 diet) from gossypol-acetic acid for 60 days. Results indicated that gossypol could reduce the growth performance and damage the intestines of young grass carp. Interestingly, gossypol modulated the absorptive abilities of various AAs, and mechanisms are not unified in fish. Firstly, gossypol decreased the contents of tryptophan (Trp), threonine (Thr), valine (Val), phenylalanine (Phe), glycine (Gly), serine (Ser) and tyrosine (Tyr) in the three intestinal segments of fish associated with down-regulating the mRNA levels of solute carrier (SLC) 6A19b, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC1A5, SLC38A2 and peptide transporter 1 (PepT1) in the intestine. Secondly, gossypol reduced the contents of methionine (Met), isoleucine (Ile), proline (Pro), cysteine (Cys) and arginine (Arg) in the proximal intestine (PI) and mid intestine (MI) of fish by down-regulating the mRNA levels of SLC7A7, SLC7A6, SLC7A1, SLC6A19b, SLC7A5, SLC7A8, SLC1A5, SLC38A2 and PepT1 in the PI and MI. Thirdly, gossypol inhibited the aspartic acid (Asp) and taurine (Tau) contents in the PI and MI of fish by down-regulating the mRNA levels of SLC1A2a, SLC1A3, PepT1 and SLC6A6 in the PI and MI. Fourthly, gossypol suppressed the lysine(Lys) and histidine (His) contents in the MI and distal intestine (DI) of fish due to down-regulating the mRNA levels of SLC7A7, SLC7A5 and SLC38A2 in the MI, and SLC7A6, SLC7A1, SLC7A8 and PepT1 in the MI and DI. Gossypol down-regulated the above AA and peptide transporters in the intestine of fish partly related to suppressing the target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling pathway. Based on percent weight gain (PWG) and feed efficiency (FE), the safe upper limit of gossypol in the diets for young grass carp growth were estimated to be 182 and 179 mg kg−1 diet, respectively. In summary, gossypol reduced the intestinal AA absorption capacity of young grass carp partly relate to damaging the intestinal structure, down-regulating the mRNA levels of AA and peptide transporters, and inhibiting the TOR signalling pathway.

ACS Style

Kai-Zhuo Wang; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Yong-An Zhang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. Gossypol reduced the intestinal amino acid absorption capacity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture 2018, 492, 46 -58.

AMA Style

Kai-Zhuo Wang, Wei-Dan Jiang, Pei Wu, Yang Liu, Jun Jiang, Sheng-Yao Kuang, Ling Tang, Yong-An Zhang, Xiao-Qiu Zhou, Lin Feng. Gossypol reduced the intestinal amino acid absorption capacity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Aquaculture. 2018; 492 ():46-58.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kai-Zhuo Wang; Wei-Dan Jiang; Pei Wu; Yang Liu; Jun Jiang; Sheng-Yao Kuang; Ling Tang; Yong-An Zhang; Xiao-Qiu Zhou; Lin Feng. 2018. "Gossypol reduced the intestinal amino acid absorption capacity of young grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)." Aquaculture 492, no. : 46-58.