Summary: Background: After liver transplantation primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), the condition returns in the transplanted liver in a subset of patients (recurrent primary sclerosing cholangitis, rPSC).Aim: To define risk factors for rPSC.Methods: We searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library for articles published until March 2018. Studies addressing risk factors for developing rPSC were eligible for inclusion. A random effects meta‐analysis was conducted using hazard ratios (HR) as effect measure. Study quality was evaluated with the Newcastle Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Cochrane Review Manager.Results: The electronic database search yielded 449 results. Twenty‐one retrospective cohort studies met the inclusion criteria for the review; 14 were included in the meta‐analysis. The final cohort included 2159 patients (age range 31‐49 years, 68.8% male), of whom 17.7% developed rPSC. Colectomy before liver transplantation, HR 0.65 (95% CI: 0.42‐0.99), cholangiocarcinoma before liver transplantation, HR 2.42 (95% CI: 1.20‐4.86), inflammatory bowel disease, HR 1.73 (95% CI: 1.17‐2.54), donor age, HR 1.24 (95% CI 1.0‐1.45) per ten years, MELD score, HR 1.05 (95% CI: 1.02‐1.08) per point and acute cellular rejection, HR of 1.94 (95% CI: 1.32‐2.83) were associated with the risk of rPSC.Conclusions: Multiple risk factors for rPSC were identified. Colectomy before liver transplantation reduced the risk of rPSC.

Background: Ileal delivery of fat reduces hunger and food intake through activation of the ileal brake. Physicochemical properties of fat have been shown to affect satiety and food intake.