This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Substantial environmental impacts and loss of resilience occurs with conventional vineyard designs characterized by monotonous specialized production. Studies support the restoration of green infrastructure (GI) and introduction of other production systems as promising biodiversity design strategies. However, little is known about the degree to which winegrowers are implementing them. We surveyed Willamette valley, Oregon, certified sustainable winegrowers as potential early adopters of innovative biodiversity design strategies. Results revealed growers were implementing up to 11 different types of GI components, providing them with up to 16 different ecosystem services, and six disservices. The GI was implemented at three spatial scales, with growers pursuing a sharing GI design strategy at fine scales, and a sharing and sparing strategy at intermediate and farm-wide scales. Only biodynamic certified farmers had implemented valued additional production systems. Growers can improve the implementation of their biodiversity GI designs by adopting an integrated multi-system whole farm design approach. Key enablers for grower implementation of GI and/or additional production systems included: (1) Grower awareness and value of strategy’s ecosystem services and functions, (2) grower knowledge of their design and management, (3) certifier requirements for GI, (4) availability of land incapable of growing quality grapes, (5) availability of GI backup systems in case of failure, (6) low risk of regional pest outbreaks, (7) premium wine prices, and (8) strong grower environmental and cultural heritage ethics. Further research is required to identify effective ways to advance these enablers among growers, and within certification and government programmes, to improve the implementation of these strategies among growers.
Wendy McWilliam; Andreas Wesener. Attitudes and Behaviours of Certified Winegrowers towards the Design and Implementation of Biodiversity Farming Strategies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 1083 .
AMA StyleWendy McWilliam, Andreas Wesener. Attitudes and Behaviours of Certified Winegrowers towards the Design and Implementation of Biodiversity Farming Strategies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (3):1083.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWendy McWilliam; Andreas Wesener. 2021. "Attitudes and Behaviours of Certified Winegrowers towards the Design and Implementation of Biodiversity Farming Strategies." Sustainability 13, no. 3: 1083.
There is a high and growing incidence of skin cancer associated with overexposure to the sun. Most of a person’s exposure occurs during their first eighteen years of life. While many children are taught to wear hats and sunscreen, studies indicate these are inadequate. There is a pressing need to improve the design of our landscapes to reduce exposure. Landscape architects can play a key role in driving this process, but only if they understand the factors determining sun protection behaviours among children in the landscape, and how to design for these. We introduced a systematic evidence-based teaching approach to landscape architecture students in New Zealand where the incidence of skin cancer is one of the highest in the world. In this paper, we describe the methods we used to integrate scientific information into a creative design process that included four design phases: (1) review, summary and translation of evidential theory into design guidelines; (2) inventory and analysis of existing schoolyard; (3) redesign of schoolyard; and (4) final design evaluation. We found this process was effective in developing student appreciation for the need to improve sun protection through design, for increasing their understanding of the evidential science, in addition to developing their ability to translate, often inaccessible, evidential data into its spatial form implications. Furthermore, the process led to a high degree of confidence and pride among many students as their resulting design solutions were not only supported by evidence but were often highly creative. Such evidence-based design courses are essential for preparing future landscape architects to design landscapes that significantly reduce the incidence and health effects of skin cancer.
Wendy McWilliam; Andreas Wesener; Anupriya Sukumar; Robert Brown. Reducing the Incidence of Skin Cancer through Landscape Architecture Design Education. Sustainability 2020, 12, 9402 .
AMA StyleWendy McWilliam, Andreas Wesener, Anupriya Sukumar, Robert Brown. Reducing the Incidence of Skin Cancer through Landscape Architecture Design Education. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (22):9402.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWendy McWilliam; Andreas Wesener; Anupriya Sukumar; Robert Brown. 2020. "Reducing the Incidence of Skin Cancer through Landscape Architecture Design Education." Sustainability 12, no. 22: 9402.
Residential streets, particularly in automobile-dependent suburban locations, have frequently been perceived as ecologically unsustainable, antisocial, unhealthy, and aesthetically dull from an urban design perspective. However, residential streets can be improved through infrastructure retrofits, particularly by combining green and grey infrastructures and integrating various functions and services. Using a systematic literature review and an adapted landscape services framework, the paper analyses the status of retrofit research and discusses existing composition and spatial integration of green, grey, and green-grey street infrastructure. Findings suggest changing infrastructure compositions in residential streets and a trend toward increased grey and green-grey infrastructure integration. However, functional connectivity is often lacking, and while barriers to implementation have been suggested, few have been tested. While retrofits are potentially able to increase the number and quality of landscape services that support human well-being, more—and possibly longitudinal—research is required to advance and analyze their implementation and provide evidence for their success.
Ksenia I. Aleksandrova; Wendy J. McWilliam; Andreas Wesener. Status and Future Directions for Residential Street Infrastructure Retrofit Research. Urban Science 2019, 3, 49 .
AMA StyleKsenia I. Aleksandrova, Wendy J. McWilliam, Andreas Wesener. Status and Future Directions for Residential Street Infrastructure Retrofit Research. Urban Science. 2019; 3 (2):49.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKsenia I. Aleksandrova; Wendy J. McWilliam; Andreas Wesener. 2019. "Status and Future Directions for Residential Street Infrastructure Retrofit Research." Urban Science 3, no. 2: 49.
Naomi Shimpo; Andreas Wesener; Wendy McWilliam. How community gardens may contribute to community resilience following an earthquake. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2019, 38, 124 -132.
AMA StyleNaomi Shimpo, Andreas Wesener, Wendy McWilliam. How community gardens may contribute to community resilience following an earthquake. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2019; 38 ():124-132.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNaomi Shimpo; Andreas Wesener; Wendy McWilliam. 2019. "How community gardens may contribute to community resilience following an earthquake." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 38, no. : 124-132.
Pastoral landscape woody vegetation provides ecosystem services, but potentially competes for space, light and nutrients that could provide additional farm production. A questionnaire determined the values and behaviours of New Zealand dairy farmers to evaluate voluntary agri-environmental programs for restoring woody vegetation. Findings indicate the area is increasing, while the composition and configuration of networks are changing and redistributing. Farms with little are losing more, and those with more are gaining. Farmers are planting new areas to increase their public ecosystem services, but may not provide these services through planting and management. Barriers include insufficient private woody vegetation ecosystem services, and low rates of growth of native plants. Government incentive programs are ineffective in overcoming barriers. Farmers may be motivated by stronger evidence of valued ecosystem services, information about their benefits and drawbacks, and how to support services through planting and management. However, a targeted environmental stewardship scheme is required to overcome barriers to planting, with government and the dairy industry working together to develop and maintain a landscape-scaled woody vegetation network on private and public land. Such networks would build sustainability and resilience into dairy farming, leading to an equitably sharing of benefits and costs of their public ecosystem services
Wendy J. McWilliam; Yuki Fukuda; Henrik Moller; Des Smith. Evaluation of a dairy agri-environmental programme for restoring woody green infrastructure. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 2017, 15, 350 -364.
AMA StyleWendy J. McWilliam, Yuki Fukuda, Henrik Moller, Des Smith. Evaluation of a dairy agri-environmental programme for restoring woody green infrastructure. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability. 2017; 15 (4):350-364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWendy J. McWilliam; Yuki Fukuda; Henrik Moller; Des Smith. 2017. "Evaluation of a dairy agri-environmental programme for restoring woody green infrastructure." International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability 15, no. 4: 350-364.
Wendy McWilliam; Robert Brown; Paul Eagles; Mark Seasons. Evaluation of planning policy for protecting green infrastructure from loss and degradation due to residential encroachment. Land Use Policy 2015, 47, 459 -467.
AMA StyleWendy McWilliam, Robert Brown, Paul Eagles, Mark Seasons. Evaluation of planning policy for protecting green infrastructure from loss and degradation due to residential encroachment. Land Use Policy. 2015; 47 ():459-467.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWendy McWilliam; Robert Brown; Paul Eagles; Mark Seasons. 2015. "Evaluation of planning policy for protecting green infrastructure from loss and degradation due to residential encroachment." Land Use Policy 47, no. : 459-467.
Wendy McWilliam; Robert Brown; Paul Eagles; Mark Seasons. Barriers to the effective planning and management of residential encroachment within urban forest edges: A Southern Ontario, Canada case study. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2014, 13, 48 -62.
AMA StyleWendy McWilliam, Robert Brown, Paul Eagles, Mark Seasons. Barriers to the effective planning and management of residential encroachment within urban forest edges: A Southern Ontario, Canada case study. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2014; 13 (1):48-62.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWendy McWilliam; Robert Brown; Paul Eagles; Mark Seasons. 2014. "Barriers to the effective planning and management of residential encroachment within urban forest edges: A Southern Ontario, Canada case study." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 13, no. 1: 48-62.
Studies increasingly document degradation and loss of publicly owned urban forest area following adjacent development due to residential encroachment. Little is known about prevailing approaches for limiting these impacts. Taking Southern Ontario as a case study, long interviews were conducted among Ontario planners, landscape architects, forest managers and bylaw officials within six Ontario municipalities to determine prevailing goals, tools, and strategies for addressing residential encroachment. Few municipalities had explicit goals, and none had objectives for addressing encroachment. Bylaws were the primary tools for addressing existing encroachments, but field studies indicated infrequent enforcement. Boundary-focused structures, such as fences, were the primary means of preventing encroachment; however, they were applied to a minority of forests with adjacent housing. None of the municipalities had a strategy for implementing their tools to protect targeted ecological, social or economic services provided by urban forests. Recommendations for improved approaches for managing residential encroachment impacts within forest edges are provided.
Wendy McWilliam; Paul Eagles; Mark Seasons; Robert Brown. Evaluation of planning and management approaches for limiting residential encroachment impacts within forest edges: A Southern Ontario case study. Urban Ecosystems 2012, 15, 753 -772.
AMA StyleWendy McWilliam, Paul Eagles, Mark Seasons, Robert Brown. Evaluation of planning and management approaches for limiting residential encroachment impacts within forest edges: A Southern Ontario case study. Urban Ecosystems. 2012; 15 (3):753-772.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWendy McWilliam; Paul Eagles; Mark Seasons; Robert Brown. 2012. "Evaluation of planning and management approaches for limiting residential encroachment impacts within forest edges: A Southern Ontario case study." Urban Ecosystems 15, no. 3: 753-772.
Wendy McWilliam; Paul Eagles; Mark Seasons; Robert Brown. The housing-forest interface: Testing structural approaches for protecting suburban natural systems following development. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 2010, 9, 149 -159.
AMA StyleWendy McWilliam, Paul Eagles, Mark Seasons, Robert Brown. The housing-forest interface: Testing structural approaches for protecting suburban natural systems following development. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 2010; 9 (2):149-159.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWendy McWilliam; Paul Eagles; Mark Seasons; Robert Brown. 2010. "The housing-forest interface: Testing structural approaches for protecting suburban natural systems following development." Urban Forestry & Urban Greening 9, no. 2: 149-159.