Purpose: In the era of knowledge economy, the significance of intellectual capital has been increasing globally. Similarly, recent studies have focused on the importance of green intellectual capital in mitigating environmental degradation. However, only a few studies have analysed green intellectual capital and its impacts in the specific case of Pakistan. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of green intellectual capital on green innovation adoption in Pakistan’s manufacturing small and medium-size enterprises (SMEs).Design/methodology/approach: We used a data sample of 235 SMEs, gathered from the four manufacturing sectors of Pakistan including: textile, chemical, pharmaceutical and steel and analysed using a multiple regression analysis approach.Findings: The empirical results of this research indicate that green human capital and green structural capital significantly increase green innovation adoption. However, it must be noted that green relational capital has a positive but insignificant impact on green innovation adoption in manufacturing SMEs in Pakistan.Originality/value: The findings and recommended policy measures of this study are important for the managers of manufacturing SMEs and policymakers to mitigate environmental destruction and achieve sustainable development through green intellectual capital.

Working women play a vital role in all fields of lifestyle and are the pillars of society. Women's workforce is the key to economic boom, innovation, research and development, growth and prosperity in modern societies. Globally, governments spend billions of dollars to promote the workforce, to enhance theircountry's economy and innovation. This research aims to contribute to the knowledge on innovation by working women globally and to investigate how working women affect the process of innovation, using the number of patents and trademarks as innovation indicators. The empirical study adopted a two-stage least squares (2SLS) estimation and generalized method of moments (GMM) with and without robust standard errors. Panel data of 136 countries for the period 1996-2016 was used. The results of this study show that working women positively and statistically significantly explained the patent and trademark, which is a proxy for innovation with other control variables (per capita income, education, research and development, technology, article, industry, and foreign direct investment). Overall, the findings show that working women have a positive effect on innovation they exert a positive and significant effect on patents and trademarks. The regression results based on GMM and system GMM (SGMM) show how working women influence trademarks and patents. Specifically, the GMM reveals that the regression coefficients of patent and trademark positively affect innovation, with all variables being positive at the 1% level, indicating that the current level of patent and trademark is positive. This implies that working women have favourable economic participation in innovation. This study contributes to the cross-over of knowledge on innovation and working women and reduces the existing scarcity of information on the subject.

Farm production diversity is widely recognized as a critical factor in enhancing household dietary quality, yet limited empirical evidence exists on its role in addressing food and nutrition security among smallholder farmers in Pakistan, particularly in rain‐fed regions. These areas face unique challenges, including climate variability, water scarcity, and economic vulnerability, which exacerbate food and nutrition insecurity. Existing studies largely focus on other regions or contexts and often fail to capture the nuanced relationship between farm production diversity and dietary outcomes in areas with constrained market access. This study investigates the impact of farm production diversity on household dietary diversity in three rain‐fed regions of southern Punjab: Layyah, Bhakkar, and Khushab. Using data from 450 smallholder households collected through a multi‐stage sampling technique, we assess dietary outcomes such as calorie intake, micronutrient consumption, and dietary diversity scores. The study analysis incorporates production diversity indicators and regression models to examine the link between farm diversification and household nutrition, while accounting for the role of market access and climate variability. The findings confirm that farm production diversity significantly enhances dietary diversity and nutrition security, particularly when coupled with improved market access. This study offers novel contributions by providing context‐specific insights for rain‐fed agricultural systems and highlighting actionable pathways for policy interventions. To enhance dietary quality and mitigate food insecurity, policymakers should prioritize initiatives to strengthen market access, promote the adoption of climate‐resilient farming systems, and encourage the integration of diverse, nutrient‐rich crops into agricultural practices.