Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image segmentation is a difficult problem due to the presence of strong multiplicative noise. To attain multi-region segmentation for SAR images, this paper presents a parametric segmentation method based on the multi-texture model with level sets. Segmentation is achieved by solving level set functions obtained from minimizing the proposed energy functional. To fully utilize image information, edge feature and region information are both included in the energy functional. For the need of level set evolution, the Ratio of Exponentially Weighted Averages (ROEWA) operator is modified to obtain edge feature. Region information is obtained by the Improved Edgeworth Series Expansion (IESE), which can adaptively model a SAR image distribution with respect to various kinds of regions. The performance of the proposed method is verified by three high resolution SAR images. The experimental results demonstrate that SAR images can be segmented into multiple regions accurately without any speckle pre-processing steps by the proposed method.

Despite the profound roles of surface deformation monitoring techniques in observing permafrost surface stability, predetermining the approximate location and time of possibly occurring severe permafrost degradation before applying these techniques is extremely necessary, but has received little attention. Taking the oil tank collapse accident in the Norilsk region as a case, we explored this concern by analyzing the permafrost deformation mechanisms and determining early surface deformation signals. Regarding this case, we firstly applied the Small Baseline Subset Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (SBAS-InSAR) technique to obtain its permafrost surface deformation rate, then utilized a sine model to decompose its interannual deformation and seasonal deformation, and finally compared the relationship between the topographic slope and deformation rate. Based on experimental results, we reveal that when the annual average temperature continuously increases at a rate of 2 ${}^{°}$C/year for 2∼3 consecutive years, permafrost areas with relatively large topographic slopes (>15${}^{°}$) are more prone to severe surface deformation during the summer thaw period. Therefore, this paper suggests that permafrost areas with large topographic slopes (>15${}^{°}$) should be taken as the key surveillance areas, and that the appropriate monitoring time for employing surface deformation monitoring techniques should be the summer thawing period after a continuous increase in annual average temperature at a rate of 2 ${}^{°}$C/year for 2∼3 years.

To reduce spectrum noise of magnetron, the method controlling the cathode current emission is referred by the three dimensional PIC code. Compared three cathode emission model of PIC code in the current control, the beam model is adapts for changing the current. In the appropriate emission current, the spectrum noise can be suppressed.