In order to improve the dynamic optimization of fleet size and standardized management of dockless bike-sharing, this paper focuses on using the Markov stochastic process and linear programming method to solve the problem of bike-sharing fleet size and rebalancing. Based on the analysis of characters of bike-sharing, which are irreducible, aperiodic and positive-recurrence, we prove that the probability limits the state (steady-state) of bike-sharing Markov chain only exists and is independent of the initial probability distribution. Then a new “Markov chain dockless bike-sharing fleet size solution” algorithm is proposed. The process includes three parts. Firstly, the irreducibility of the bike-sharing transition probability matrix is analyzed. Secondly, the rank-one updating method is used to construct the transition probability random prime matrix. Finally, an iterative method for solving the steady-state probability vector is therefore given and the convergence speed of the method is analyzed. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic solution of the bike-sharing steady-state fleet size according to the time period, so as improving the practicality of the algorithm. To verify the efficiency of this algorithm, we adopt the linear programming method for bicycle rebalancing analysis. Experiment results show that the algorithm could be used to solve the disordered deployment of dockless bike-sharing.

Data is an important factor of production in the digital economy era and an important support for building a new development pattern. As an important part of data resources, geographic information data is also an important new factor of production, which plays a unique role in the construction of digital China and economic and social development. From the perspective of releasing the value of data elements, data infrastructure is a new type of infrastructure that provides integrated data aggregation, processing,circulation, application, operation, and security services for society under the support of network, computing power and other facilities. It is an organic whole covering hardware, software, open source protocols, standards, and mechanism design. Spatial data infrastructure (SDI) is a collection of technologies, policies and systems that realize the access and access of spatial data. Through the construction of new spatial data infrastructure (NSDI), it supports the circulation of geographic information data elements,making it an important part of data infrastructure. Firstly, this paper gives the connotation of geographic information data elements circulation. Secondly, it proposed to construct the circulation system of geographic information data elements on the basis of enumerating and summarizing the spatial data infrastructure, in order to better support the construction of digital China and economic and social development. Thirdly, the basic requirements, technical indicators and overall architecture of NSDI are designed. Finally, the opportunities and challenges faced by the circulation of geographic information data elements were summarized, mainly focusing on the aspects of policy mechanisms and security systems. At the end of the paper is a summary and acknowledgments.