Muscoidea is a significant dipteran clade that includes house flies (Family Muscidae), latrine flies (F. Fannidae), dung flies (F. Scathophagidae) and root maggot flies (F. Anthomyiidae). It is comprised of approximately 7000 described species. The monophyly of the Muscoidea and the precise relationships of muscoids to the closest superfamily the Oestroidea (blow flies, flesh flies etc) are both unresolved. Until now mitochondrial (mt) genomes were available for only two of the four muscoid families precluding a thorough test of phylogenetic relationships using this data source. Here we present the first two mt genomes for the families Fanniidae (Euryomma sp.) (family Fanniidae) and Anthomyiidae (Delia platura (Meigen, 1826)). We also conducted phylogenetic analyses containing of these newly sequenced mt genomes plus 15 other species representative of dipteran diversity to address the internal relationship of Muscoidea and its systematic position. Both maximum-likelihood and Bayesian analyses suggested that Muscoidea was not a monophyletic group with the relationship: (Fanniidae + Muscidae) + ((Anthomyiidae + Scathophagidae) + (Calliphoridae + Sarcophagidae)), supported by the majority of analysed datasets. This also infers that Oestroidea was paraphyletic in the majority of analyses. Divergence time estimation suggested that the earliest split within the Calyptratae, separating (Tachinidae + Oestridae) from the remaining families, occurred in the Early Eocene. The main divergence within the paraphyletic muscoidea grade was between Fanniidae + Muscidae and the lineage ((Anthomyiidae + Scathophagidae) + (Calliphoridae + Sarcophagidae)) which occurred in the Late Eocene.

Four new species of Phyllomyza Fallén from China (Diptera, Milichiidae)

The following three species assigned to the Czernyola biseta group of the genus Czernyola Bezzi, 1907, from China are described as new to science: C. luteigenissp. nov., C. planipalpissp. nov., and C. shanxiensissp. nov. A key to the known species of Czernyola from China is provided.

The following five species of the genus Phyllomyza Fallén from China are described as new to science: Phyllomyza emeishanensis sp. nov., Phyllomyza latustigenis sp. nov., Phyllomyza planipalpis sp. nov., Phyllomyza tibetensis sp. nov. and Phyllomyza dicrana sp. nov. A key to the known species of Phyllomyza from China is presented.

Four new species of the genus Hendelia Czerny, 1903 collected from China, are described as new to science: H. latustigenissp. nov., H. macrocerasp. nov., H. deltoidessp. nov. and H. flavidasp. nov. An updated key to the species of Hendelia from China is presented.