Two new dihydrochalcone enantiomers (+)-1 and (−)-1, along with eight known compounds 3–10, were obtained from Pteris ensiformis. The planar structures were determined on the basis of extensive 1D and 2DNMR and HRESIMS. The resolution of (+)-1 and (−)-1 was achieved by chiral HPLC analysis. The absolute configurations of (+)-1 and (−)-1 were established by the bulkiness rule using Rh₂(O₂CCF₃)₄-induced circular dichroism (ICD) method. Compounds (+)-1, (−)-1, 8, 9 and 10 exhibited the inhibitory assay of NO production in mouse macrophages stimulated by LPS, with IC₅₀ values of 2.0, 2.5, 8.0, 9.5 and 5.6 μM, respectively. Otherwise, compound 10 showed moderate cytotoxic activity against HCT-116, HepG-2 and BGC-823 cell lines with IC₅₀ values of 3.0, 10.5 and 6.3 μM, respectively.

A new triterpene glycoside ilexdunnoside A (1) and a new sulfated triterpene derivative ilexdunnoside B (2), together with five known analogues 3–7 were isolated from the roots of Ilex dunniana Levl. The structures were established by NMR spectroscopic analysis and acid hydrolysis. Results of an in vivo study of the biological activity showed that 75% ethanol and n-butanol extracts of the plant displayed anti-inflammatory activities against ear edema in mice, with inhibition rates of 23.5% and 37.5%, respectively, at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Furthermore, Compounds 1, 2 and 3 exhibited moderate indirect inhibitory effects on lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production in BV2 microglial cells in vitro, with IC₅₀ values of 11.60, 12.30 and 9.70 μM, respectively.