Background: The worldwide population of child refugees is estimated to be over 10 million. Refugee children and adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups in the world, and the pandemic created new challenges for them. Objective: This study aimed to examine the PTSD and depression levels of Syrian refugee children and adolescents, the difficulties they experienced in access to food and education, and the changes in their family income, and evaluate the effects of these factors on symptom severities of depression and PTSD. Methods: We used data obtained from 631 Syrian refugee children between the ages of 7 and 15. Assessment measures for exposure to PTSD and depression included a socio-demographic form, stressors related to COVID-19, the Child and Adolescent Trauma Survey (CATS), and the patient-rated Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI). ANCOVA is conducted to evaluate the differences between the symptoms of PTSD and depression. The regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the scales and the demographic data. Results: The study finds that 40.7% of the refugee children experienced at least one trauma, 24.9% met the criteria for PTSD, and 15.5% met the criteria for depression. The changes in income and food access are associated with PTSD and depression, while access to education is not associated with PTSD and depression. The adolescents aged between 12 and 15 show more depression and PTSD symptoms then the children aged between 7 and 11. Conclusions: The study revealed that the most risky group in refugee children and adolescents in terms of PTSD and depression were the adolescents aged between 12 and 15 and the children and adolescent whose family income was decreased and had limited access to food.

Amaç: Bu çalışmada annelerin kapsayıcılık işlevleri ile çocuklarının depresif belirtileri arasındaki ilişki incelenmiştir. Yöntem: Çalışmanın katılımcılarını Çocuk Aile Gelişim ve Eğitim Vakfı’na başvuru yapan 331 aile oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama araçları, Ebeveyn Çocuk Kapsayıcı İşlev Ölçeği (KİÖ), Çocuk Depresif Belirti Değerlendirme Ölçeği (ÇDBÖ) ve araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan Demografik Bilgi Formudur. Bulgular: Veriler SPSS 24 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve ölçekler arası sonuçları değerlendirmek amacıyla Regresyon analizleri, Spearman korelasyonu, alt gruplar arası sonuçları değerlendirmek amacıyla da Kruskal-Wallis testi ve Mann Whitney-U testi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar: Araştırmaya katılan annelerin KİÖ Eş ile İlişki, KİÖ Doyum Odaklılık ve Gelir değişkenleri çocuklarının ÇDSÖ Saldırganlık boyutunu yordamaktadır. Annelerin KİÖ Eş ile İlişki boyutu çocukların hem ÇDSÖ Sosyal Uyum hem de ÇDSÖ Nesnel Gerçekliğe Uyumsuzluk boyutlarının yordayıcısı olduğu görülmüştür. Baba yaşı, Gelir ve annelerin KİÖ Kayıp-Ayrılığa Hassasiyet değişkenleri birlikte ÇDSÖ Arkaik Endişe boyutunun yordayıcısıdır. KİÖ Kapsanamayan İlişki ve Baba yaşı değişkenleri birlikte çocukların ÇDSÖ Dürtüsellik ve Hiperaktivite boyutunun yordayıcısıdır. KİÖ Doyum Odaklılık ve Gelir değişkenleri birlikte ÇDSÖ Bilişsel Süreçlerde Bozulma değişkeninin yordayıcısıdır. Annelerin KİÖ Doyum Odaklılık değişkeni ÇDSÖ Somatizasyon boyutunun yordayıcısıdır. Abstract Aim: In this study, the relationship between the mother's containing functions and their children's depressive symptoms was examined. Method: The sample consists of 331 families. The data collection tools are the Parental Child Containing Function Scale (PCF), the Child Depressive Symptoms Assessment Scale (CDSA) and the Demographic Information Form prepared by the researchers. Results: The data were analyzed using the SPSS 24 program and Regression analysis, Spearman correlation was used to evaluate the results between the scales, the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann Whitney-U test were used to evaluate the results between the subgroups. Conclusions: As a result of the research, it is verified that PCF Relation with Spouse, PCF Satisfaction Focus subgroup of mothers and Income predicts CDSA Aggression variable. PCF Relation with Spouse predicts both CDSA Social Adaptation and Maladjustment to Objective Reality (MOR) variables. Father’s age of children, Income and PCF Sensitivity to Seperation – Anxiety subgroup of mothers predict CDSA Early Anxieties (EA). PCF Uncontained Relation and Father’s age predict CDSA Impulsivity – Hyperactivity (IH). PCF Satisfaction Focus and Income predict CDSA Deterioration in Cognitive Processes (DCP). PCF Satisfaction Focus also predicts CDSA Somatization.

The study was aimed at investigation of the relationship between ontological well-being sub-factors with depression and anxiety levels of fathers during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. The data in this cross-sectional study was collected via online self-reporting questionnaires from randomly selected fathers (N = 379) whose children’s ages ranged from 6 to 12. The data collection took place between the months of March and May of 2020. Participants completed measures of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and the Ontological Well-Being Scale (OWBS). The results showed that full mediating effect of depression in the relationship between ontological well-being and anxiety. Findings indicated that the perceived attitude to their paternity had the statistically significant effect on the level of depression and anxiety of the fathers. The study shows that there is direct relevance between anxiety, depression and socio-demographic variables, meanwhile the study also suggests that the socio-demographic variables of fathers and the subscales of activation and hope do not correlate.