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Danish Farooq
Department of Transport Technology and Economics, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Stoczek u. 2, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary

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Journal article
Published: 22 July 2020 in Sustainability
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The world’s ecosystem is severely affected by the increase in the rate of soil erosion and sediment transport in the built environment and agricultural lands. Land use land cover changes (LULCC) are considered as the most significant cause of sediment transport. This study aims to estimate the effect of LULCC on soil erosion potential in the past 20 years (2000–2020) by using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model based on Geographic Information System (GIS). Different factors were analyzed to study the effect of each factor including R factor, K factor, LS factor, and land cover factor on the erosion process. Maps generated in the study show the changes in the severity of soil loss in the Chitral district of Pakistan. It was found out that 4% of the area was under very high erosion risk in the year 2000 which increased to 8% in the year 2020. An increase in agricultural land (4%) was observed in the last 20 years which shows that human activities largely affected the study area. The outcomes of this study will help the stakeholders and regulatory decision makers to control deforestation and take other necessary actions to minimize the rate of soil erosion. Such an efficient planning will also be helpful to reduce the sedimentation in the reservoir of hydraulic dam(s) constructed on Chitral river, which drains through this watershed.

ACS Style

Bilal Aslam; Ahsen Maqsoom; Shahzaib; Zaheer Kazmi; Mahmoud Sodangi; Fahad Anwar; Muhammad Bakri; Rana Faisal Tufail; Danish Farooq. Effects of Landscape Changes on Soil Erosion in the Built Environment: Application of Geospatial-Based RUSLE Technique. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5898 .

AMA Style

Bilal Aslam, Ahsen Maqsoom, Shahzaib, Zaheer Kazmi, Mahmoud Sodangi, Fahad Anwar, Muhammad Bakri, Rana Faisal Tufail, Danish Farooq. Effects of Landscape Changes on Soil Erosion in the Built Environment: Application of Geospatial-Based RUSLE Technique. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):5898.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bilal Aslam; Ahsen Maqsoom; Shahzaib; Zaheer Kazmi; Mahmoud Sodangi; Fahad Anwar; Muhammad Bakri; Rana Faisal Tufail; Danish Farooq. 2020. "Effects of Landscape Changes on Soil Erosion in the Built Environment: Application of Geospatial-Based RUSLE Technique." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 5898.

Journal article
Published: 27 May 2020 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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Land degradation caused by soil erosion is considered among the most severe problems of the 21stcentury. It poses serious threats to soil fertility, food availability, human health, and the world ecosystem. The purpose of the study is to make a quantitative mapping of soil loss in the Chitral district, Pakistan. For the estimation of soil loss in the study area, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model was used in combination with Remote Sensing (RS) and Geographic Information System (GIS). Topographical features of the study area show that the area is more vulnerable to soil loss, having the highest average annual soil loss of 78 ton/ha/year. Maps generated in the study show that the area has the highest sediment yield of 258 tons/ha/year and higher average annual soil loss of 450 tons/ha/year. The very high severity class represents 8%, 16% under high, 21% under moderate, 12% under low, and 13% under very low soil loss in the Chitral district. The above study is helpful to researchers and planners for better planning to control the loss of soil in the high severity zones. Plantation of trees and structures should be built like check dams, which effectively control the soil erosion process.

ACS Style

Ahsen Maqsoom; Bilal Aslam; Usman Hassan; Zaheer Abbas Kazmi; Mahmoud Sodangi; Rana Faisal Tufail; Danish Farooq. Geospatial Assessment of Soil Erosion Intensity and Sediment Yield Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Model. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 1 .

AMA Style

Ahsen Maqsoom, Bilal Aslam, Usman Hassan, Zaheer Abbas Kazmi, Mahmoud Sodangi, Rana Faisal Tufail, Danish Farooq. Geospatial Assessment of Soil Erosion Intensity and Sediment Yield Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Model. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahsen Maqsoom; Bilal Aslam; Usman Hassan; Zaheer Abbas Kazmi; Mahmoud Sodangi; Rana Faisal Tufail; Danish Farooq. 2020. "Geospatial Assessment of Soil Erosion Intensity and Sediment Yield Using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) Model." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 19 May 2020 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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Land use types and anthropogenic activities represent considerable threats to groundwater pollution. To effectively monitor the groundwater quality, it is vital to measure pollution levels before they become severe. In our research area, located in Gilgit Baltistan in northern Pakistan, groundwater supplies are diminishing due to urban sprawl. In this study, we used a GIS-based DRASTIC model (Depth to water, Recharge, Aquifer media, Soil media, Topography, Impact of the vadose zone, Hydraulic conductivity) to analyze the area’s hydrological attributes to assess the groundwater susceptibility to pollution. Considering the importance of anthropogenic activities, this research primarily utilizes an adjusted DRASTIC model called DRASTICA, which incorporates anthropogenic impact as a parameter in the model. The resulting map, which depicts vulnerability to groundwater contamination, reveals that 19% of the study area is classed as having high vulnerability, 42% has moderate vulnerability, 37% has low vulnerability, and 2% has very low vulnerability to groundwater contamination. The adopted validation process (nitrate parameter of water quality) revealed that the suggested DRASTICA model achieved better results than the established DRASTIC model in a built-up environment. We used the nitrate concentration in groundwater to verify the formulated results, and the single parameter sensitivity analysis and map removal sensitivity analysis to analyze the model sensitivity. The sensitivity analysis indicated that the groundwater vulnerability to pollution is largely influenced by anthropogenic impact and depth to the water table, thereby suggesting that anthropogenic impact must be explicitly tackled in such studies. The groundwater zones exposed to anthropogenic pollution can be better classified with the help of the proposed DRASTICA model, particularly in and around built-up environments. The responsible authorities can use this groundwater contamination data as an early warning sign, so they can take practical actions to avoid extra pressure on this vital resource.

ACS Style

Ahsen Maqsoom; Bilal Aslam; Umer Khalil; Omid Ghorbanzadeh; Hassan Ashraf; Rana Faisal Faisal Tufail; Danish Farooq; Thomas Blaschke. A GIS-based DRASTIC Model and an Adjusted DRASTIC Model (DRASTICA) for Groundwater Susceptibility Assessment along the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Route. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2020, 9, 332 .

AMA Style

Ahsen Maqsoom, Bilal Aslam, Umer Khalil, Omid Ghorbanzadeh, Hassan Ashraf, Rana Faisal Faisal Tufail, Danish Farooq, Thomas Blaschke. A GIS-based DRASTIC Model and an Adjusted DRASTIC Model (DRASTICA) for Groundwater Susceptibility Assessment along the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Route. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2020; 9 (5):332.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ahsen Maqsoom; Bilal Aslam; Umer Khalil; Omid Ghorbanzadeh; Hassan Ashraf; Rana Faisal Faisal Tufail; Danish Farooq; Thomas Blaschke. 2020. "A GIS-based DRASTIC Model and an Adjusted DRASTIC Model (DRASTICA) for Groundwater Susceptibility Assessment along the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) Route." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5: 332.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2020 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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Driver behavior has been considered as the most critical and uncertain criteria in the study of traffic safety issues. Driver behavior identification and categorization by using the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) can overcome the uncertainty of driver behavior by capturing the ambiguity of driver thinking style. The main goal of this paper is to examine the significant driver behavior criteria that influence traffic safety for different traffic cultures such as Hungary, Turkey, Pakistan and China. The study utilized the FAHP framework to compare and quantify the driver behavior criteria designed on a three-level hierarchical structure. The FAHP procedure computed the weight factors and ranked the significant driver behavior criteria based on pairwise comparisons (PCs) of driver’s responses on the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). The study results observed “violations” as the most significant driver behavior criteria for level 1 by all nominated regions except Hungary. While for level 2, “aggressive violations” is observed as the most significant driver behavior criteria by all regions except Turkey. Moreover, for level 3, Hungary and Turkey drivers evaluated the “drive with alcohol use” as the most significant driver behavior criteria. While Pakistan and China drivers evaluated the “fail to yield pedestrian” as the most significant driver behavior criteria. Finally, Kendall’s agreement test was performed to measure the agreement degree between observed groups for each level in a hierarchical structure. The methodology applied can be easily transferable to other study areas and our results in this study can be helpful for the drivers of each region to focus on highlighted significant driver behavior criteria to reduce fatal and seriously injured traffic accidents.

ACS Style

Danish Farooq; Sarbast Moslem; Rana Faisal Tufail; Omid Ghorbanzadeh; Szabolcs Duleba; Ahsen Maqsoom; Thomas Blaschke. Analyzing the Importance of Driver Behavior Criteria Related to Road Safety for Different Driving Cultures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2020, 17, 1893 .

AMA Style

Danish Farooq, Sarbast Moslem, Rana Faisal Tufail, Omid Ghorbanzadeh, Szabolcs Duleba, Ahsen Maqsoom, Thomas Blaschke. Analyzing the Importance of Driver Behavior Criteria Related to Road Safety for Different Driving Cultures. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17 (6):1893.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danish Farooq; Sarbast Moslem; Rana Faisal Tufail; Omid Ghorbanzadeh; Szabolcs Duleba; Ahsen Maqsoom; Thomas Blaschke. 2020. "Analyzing the Importance of Driver Behavior Criteria Related to Road Safety for Different Driving Cultures." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6: 1893.

Journal article
Published: 13 March 2020 in Mathematics
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Driver behavior plays a major role in road safety because it is considered as a significant argument in traffic accident avoidance. Drivers mostly face various risky driving factors which lead to fatal accidents or serious injury. This study aims to evaluate and prioritize the significant driver behavior factors related to road safety. In this regard, we integrated a decision-making model of the Best-Worst Method (BWM) with the triangular fuzzy sets as a solution for optimizing our complex decision-making problem, which is associated with uncertainty and ambiguity. Driving characteristics are different in different driving situations which indicate the ambiguous and complex attitude of individuals, and decision-makers (DMs) need to improve the reliability of the decision. Since the crisp values of factors may be inadequate to model the real-world problem considering the vagueness and the ambiguity, and providing the pairwise comparisons with the requirement of less compared data, the BWM integrated with triangular fuzzy sets is used in the study to evaluate risky driver behavior factors for a designed three-level hierarchical structure. The model results provide the most significant driver behavior factors that influence road safety for each level based on evaluator responses on the Driver Behavior Questionnaire (DBQ). Moreover, the model generates a more consistent decision process by the new consistency ratio of F-BWM. An adaptable application process from the model is also generated for future attempts.

ACS Style

Sarbast Moslem; Muhammet Gul; Danish Farooq; Erkan Celik; Omid Ghorbanzadeh; Thomas Blaschke. An Integrated Approach of Best-Worst Method (BWM) and Triangular Fuzzy Sets for Evaluating Driver Behavior Factors Related to Road Safety. Mathematics 2020, 8, 414 .

AMA Style

Sarbast Moslem, Muhammet Gul, Danish Farooq, Erkan Celik, Omid Ghorbanzadeh, Thomas Blaschke. An Integrated Approach of Best-Worst Method (BWM) and Triangular Fuzzy Sets for Evaluating Driver Behavior Factors Related to Road Safety. Mathematics. 2020; 8 (3):414.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarbast Moslem; Muhammet Gul; Danish Farooq; Erkan Celik; Omid Ghorbanzadeh; Thomas Blaschke. 2020. "An Integrated Approach of Best-Worst Method (BWM) and Triangular Fuzzy Sets for Evaluating Driver Behavior Factors Related to Road Safety." Mathematics 8, no. 3: 414.

Journal article
Published: 05 February 2020 in Symmetry
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The use of driver behavior has been considered a complex way to solve road safety complications. Car drivers are usually involved in various risky driving factors which lead to accidents where people are fatally or seriously injured. The present study aims to dissect and rank the significant driver behavior factors related to road safety by applying an integrated multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model, which is structured as a hierarchy with at least one 5 × 5 (or bigger) pairwise comparison matrix (PCM). A real-world, complex decision-making problem was selected to evaluate the possible application of the proposed model (driver behavior preferences related to road safety problems). The application of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) alone, by precluding layman participants, might cause a loss of reliable information in the case of the decision-making systems with big PCMs. Evading this tricky issue, we used the Best Worst Method (BWM) to make the layman’s evaluator task easier and timesaving. Therefore, the AHP-BWM model was found to be a suitable integration to evaluate risky driver behavior factors within a designed three-level hierarchical structure. The model results found the most significant driver behavior factors that influence road safety for each level, based on evaluator responses on the driver behavior questionnaire (DBQ). Moreover, the output vector of weights in the integrated model is more consistent, with results for 5 × 5 PCMs or bigger. The proposed AHP-BWM model can be used for PCMs with scientific data organized by traditional means.

ACS Style

Sarbast Moslem; Danish Farooq; Omid Ghorbanzadeh; Thomas Blaschke. Application of the AHP-BWM Model for Evaluating Driver Behavior Factors Related to Road Safety: A Case Study for Budapest. Symmetry 2020, 12, 243 .

AMA Style

Sarbast Moslem, Danish Farooq, Omid Ghorbanzadeh, Thomas Blaschke. Application of the AHP-BWM Model for Evaluating Driver Behavior Factors Related to Road Safety: A Case Study for Budapest. Symmetry. 2020; 12 (2):243.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarbast Moslem; Danish Farooq; Omid Ghorbanzadeh; Thomas Blaschke. 2020. "Application of the AHP-BWM Model for Evaluating Driver Behavior Factors Related to Road Safety: A Case Study for Budapest." Symmetry 12, no. 2: 243.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2019 in Sustainability
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Lane changing of traffic flow is a complicated and significsant behavior for traffic safety on the road. Frequent lane changing can cause serious traffic safety issues, particularly on a two-lane road section of a freeway. This study aimed to analyze the effect of significant traffic parameters for traffic safety on lane change frequency using the studied calibrated values for driving logic “conscious” in VISSIM. Video-recorded traffic data were utilized to calibrate the model under specified traffic conditions, and the relationship between observed variables were estimated using simulation plots. The results revealed that changes in average desired speed and traffic volume had a positive relationship with lane change frequency. In addition, lane change frequency was observed to be higher when the speed distribution was set large. 3D surface plots were also developed to show the integrated effect of specified traffic parameters on lane change frequency. Results showed that high average desired speed and large desired speed distribution coupled with high traffic volume increased the lane change frequency tremendously. The study also attempted to develop a regression model to quantify the effect of the observed parameters on lane change frequency. The regression model results showed that desired speed distribution had the highest effect on lane change frequency compared to other traffic parameters. The findings of the current study highlight the most significant traffic parameters that influence the lane change frequency.

ACS Style

Danish Farooq; Janos Juhasz. Simulation-Based Analysis of the Effect of Significant Traffic Parameters on Lane Changing for Driving Logic “Cautious” on a Freeway. Sustainability 2019, 11, 5976 .

AMA Style

Danish Farooq, Janos Juhasz. Simulation-Based Analysis of the Effect of Significant Traffic Parameters on Lane Changing for Driving Logic “Cautious” on a Freeway. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (21):5976.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danish Farooq; Janos Juhasz. 2019. "Simulation-Based Analysis of the Effect of Significant Traffic Parameters on Lane Changing for Driving Logic “Cautious” on a Freeway." Sustainability 11, no. 21: 5976.

Journal article
Published: 04 June 2019 in Sustainability
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Driver behavior has been considered as the most influential factor in reducing fatal road accidents and the resulting injuries. Thus, it is important to focus on the significance of driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for a sustainable traffic system. The recent study aims to enumerate the most significant driver behavior factors which have a critical impact on road safety. The well-proven Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) has been applied for 20 examined driver behavior factors in a three-level hierarchical structure. Linguistic judgment data have been collected from three nominated evaluator groups in order to detect the difference of responses on perceived road safety issues. The comparison scales had been averaged prior to computing the weights of driver behavior factors. The AHP ranking results have revealed that most of the drivers are most concerned about the “Errors”, followed by the “Lapses” for the first level. The highest influential sub-criteria for the second level is the “Aggressive violations” and for the third level, the “Drive with alcohol use”. Kendall’s rank correlation has also been applied to detect the agreement degree among the evaluator groups for each level in the hierarchical structure. The estimated results indicate that road management authorities should focus on high-rank significant driver behavior criteria to solve road safety issues for sustainable traffic safety.

ACS Style

Danish Farooq; Sarbast Moslem; Szabolcs Duleba. Evaluation of Driver Behavior Criteria for Evolution of Sustainable Traffic Safety. Sustainability 2019, 11, 3142 .

AMA Style

Danish Farooq, Sarbast Moslem, Szabolcs Duleba. Evaluation of Driver Behavior Criteria for Evolution of Sustainable Traffic Safety. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (11):3142.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danish Farooq; Sarbast Moslem; Szabolcs Duleba. 2019. "Evaluation of Driver Behavior Criteria for Evolution of Sustainable Traffic Safety." Sustainability 11, no. 11: 3142.

Journal article
Published: 16 April 2019 in Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering
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Rider visibility has been considered an important issue in car-motorcycle accidents due to the frequency of unperceptive and negligent driving behavior. Mostly car drivers stated that they didn’t see the rider before the collision. This study aims to investigate the contributing factors that reduce rider visibility in point of view of car drivers for car-motorcycle accidents. The study considered the car-motorcycle accidents which occur in the built-up area. Statistical data analysis categorized the accidents into six dominant accident types. Twenty-five accidents were selected by accident types for simulation analysis. The selected accidents were simulated in Virtual Crash software during 5 seconds before the collision. The simulation analysis evaluated that the view obstructions, blind spots and high speed were the contributing factors that reduce rider visibility in car-motorcycle accidents. The simulation plots identified the involvement of contributory factors and variation within the time interval. The comprehensive in-depth analysis also evaluated that no collision avoidance maneuvers were performed by most of the car drivers due to visibility issues before the collision. Safety systems were proposed based on observed factors according to car and motorcycle perspectives for collision avoidance.

ACS Style

Danish Farooq; Janos Juhasz. Simulation Analysis of Contributing Factors to Rider Visibility Issues for Car-Motorcycle Accidents. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 2019, 48, 203 -209.

AMA Style

Danish Farooq, Janos Juhasz. Simulation Analysis of Contributing Factors to Rider Visibility Issues for Car-Motorcycle Accidents. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. 2019; 48 (3):203-209.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danish Farooq; Janos Juhasz. 2019. "Simulation Analysis of Contributing Factors to Rider Visibility Issues for Car-Motorcycle Accidents." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 48, no. 3: 203-209.

Conference paper
Published: 01 April 2018 in Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering
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ACS Style

Danish Farooq; Janos Juhász. Analysis of Young Driver Behaviour related to Road Safety Issues in Pakistan and Hungary. Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Danish Farooq, Janos Juhász. Analysis of Young Driver Behaviour related to Road Safety Issues in Pakistan and Hungary. Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danish Farooq; Janos Juhász. 2018. "Analysis of Young Driver Behaviour related to Road Safety Issues in Pakistan and Hungary." Proceedings of the 3rd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2018 in Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering
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Transportation system of a city affects all aspects of its citizen’s economic and personal activities. At a general level, the traffic problem considered as a situation of mismatch between supply (i.e., roads and their capacity) and demands (i.e., travel needs). The city administrators have tried to balance it by creating infrastructures (e.g., new roads, expanding capacity, under pass) or policy changes (e.g., banning heavy traffic movement during peak or day hours). Major problems that motorists are facing on highways intersection are congestion, accidents, and costs. Too many automobiles, trucks, buses, bicycles, and pedestrians are attempting to use the same space to reach their destiny. N-5 (major highway in Pakistan) passes through Taxila where at some intersection extreme traffic congestion sets in. Transportation problems are evident at some locations with complex roadway geometrics. So a traffic study is to be conducted to quantify the extent of transportation problems. This study aims to gain information and understanding about traffic system through the derivation of traffic information from traffic data, and then to apply this information in the assessment of the performance of traffic systems and their interaction with land use activities. This research is an effort to provide suggestion and recommendations to enforce an efficient traffic flow system.

ACS Style

Danish Farooq; Tayyab Akram. Traffic Flow Analysis and Solutions to Ease Traffic Flow at Unsignalized Taxila Intersection. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

Danish Farooq, Tayyab Akram. Traffic Flow Analysis and Solutions to Ease Traffic Flow at Unsignalized Taxila Intersection. Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering. 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danish Farooq; Tayyab Akram. 2018. "Traffic Flow Analysis and Solutions to Ease Traffic Flow at Unsignalized Taxila Intersection." Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2018 in International Journal of Civil Infrastructure
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ACS Style

Danish Farooq; Janos Juhasz. Analysis of Young Driver Behaviour related to Road Safety Issues in Pakistan and Hungary. International Journal of Civil Infrastructure 2018, 1, 21 -28.

AMA Style

Danish Farooq, Janos Juhasz. Analysis of Young Driver Behaviour related to Road Safety Issues in Pakistan and Hungary. International Journal of Civil Infrastructure. 2018; 1 (1):21-28.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Danish Farooq; Janos Juhasz. 2018. "Analysis of Young Driver Behaviour related to Road Safety Issues in Pakistan and Hungary." International Journal of Civil Infrastructure 1, no. 1: 21-28.

Original articles
Published: 08 March 2017 in International Journal of Pavement Engineering
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Rutting or plastic deformation is one of most frequently observed distress types in the wheel paths of flexible road pavements. This distress may cause the pavement structure to be attributable to early failure by expediting the deterioration due to load and environmental detrimental agents. Therefore, it is ideal to simulate the rutting performance of different asphalt mixtures in laboratory-controlled conditions before exposing them to aggressive field conditions. Different rutting simulation computer-controlled equipments are available to predict the mixture performance in laboratory at nearly similar conditions to actual in-service pavements. Cooper wheel tracking equipment is one such precise equipment. Mostly, the wearing course is likely to be damaged by this distress type in flexible asphalt pavements. Therefore, in this research study, thirty representative wearing course mixtures commonly used in road pavements were tested for rutting distress using Cooper wheel tracker. Three aggregate sources, three binders from two sources, five mixture gradations and two temperature conditions were included in the testing scheme. Mixtures were evaluated based on the terminal value of rut depth. Consistent ranking of mixtures has been observed for variable combinations of aggregates, binders, temperatures and gradations. Flakiness index (FI) of aggregates, binder penetration values, per cent coarse material retained on 4.75 mm sieve and temperature values are considered as independent variables based on past researches. The significance of these independent variables on the dependent variable of rut depth has been analysed by analytical tools of general full factorial design analysis. It has been concluded that temperature has highest significance for the rut depth prediction, followed by FI of aggregates, bitumen penetration value and percentage of coarse fraction.

ACS Style

Sabahat Hussan; Mumtaz Ahmed Kamal; Imran Hafeez; Danish Farooq; Naveed Ahmad; Shahab Khanzada. Statistical evaluation of factors affecting the laboratory rutting susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Engineering 2017, 20, 402 -416.

AMA Style

Sabahat Hussan, Mumtaz Ahmed Kamal, Imran Hafeez, Danish Farooq, Naveed Ahmad, Shahab Khanzada. Statistical evaluation of factors affecting the laboratory rutting susceptibility of asphalt mixtures. International Journal of Pavement Engineering. 2017; 20 (4):402-416.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sabahat Hussan; Mumtaz Ahmed Kamal; Imran Hafeez; Danish Farooq; Naveed Ahmad; Shahab Khanzada. 2017. "Statistical evaluation of factors affecting the laboratory rutting susceptibility of asphalt mixtures." International Journal of Pavement Engineering 20, no. 4: 402-416.