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1. Local adaptation is a fundamental phenomenon in evolutionary biology, with relevance for formation of ecotypes, and ultimately new species, and application to restoration and species’ response to climate change. Reciprocal transplant gardens, a common garden in which ecotypes are planted among home and away habitats, is the gold standard to detect local adaptation in populations. 2. This review focuses on reciprocal transplant gardens to detect local adaptation, especially in grassland species beginning with early seminal studies of grass ecotypes. Fast forward more than half a century, reciprocal gardens have moved into the genomic era, in which the genetic underpinnings of ecotypic variation can now be uncovered. Opportunities to combine genomic and reciprocal garden approaches offer great potential to shed light on genetic and environmental control of phenotypic variation. Our decadal study of adaptation in a dominant grass across the precipitation gradient of the US Great Plains combined genomic approaches and realistic community settings to shed light on controls over phenotype. 3. Common gardens are not without limitations and challenges. A survey of recent studies indicated the modal study uses a tree species, three source sites and one growing site, focuses on one species growing in a monoculture, lasts 3 years, and does not use other experimental manipulations and rarely employs population genetic tools. Reciprocal transplant gardens are even more uncommon, accounting for only 39% of the studies in the literature survey with the rest occurring at a single common site. Reciprocal transplant gardens offer powerful windows into local adaptation when 1) placed across wide environmental gradients to encompass the species’ range; 2) conducted across timespans adequate for detecting responses; 3) employing selection studies among competing ecotypes in community settings and 4) combined with measurements of form and function which ultimately determine success in home and away environments. 4. Reciprocal transplant gardens have been one of the foundations in evolutionary biology for the study of adaptation for the last century, and even longer in Europe. Moving forward, reciprocal gardens of foundational non-model species, combined with genomic analyses and incorporation of biotic factors, have the potential to further revolutionize evolutionary biology. These field experiments will help to predict and model response to climate change and inform restoration practices.
Loretta Johnson; Matthew Galliart; Jake Alsdurf; Brian R. Maricle; Sara G. Baer; Nora M. Bello; David J. Gibson; Adam B. Smith. Reciprocal transplant gardens as gold standard to detect local adaptation in grassland species: New opportunities moving into the 21 st century. Journal of Ecology 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleLoretta Johnson, Matthew Galliart, Jake Alsdurf, Brian R. Maricle, Sara G. Baer, Nora M. Bello, David J. Gibson, Adam B. Smith. Reciprocal transplant gardens as gold standard to detect local adaptation in grassland species: New opportunities moving into the 21 st century. Journal of Ecology. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLoretta Johnson; Matthew Galliart; Jake Alsdurf; Brian R. Maricle; Sara G. Baer; Nora M. Bello; David J. Gibson; Adam B. Smith. 2021. "Reciprocal transplant gardens as gold standard to detect local adaptation in grassland species: New opportunities moving into the 21 st century." Journal of Ecology , no. : 1.
Background Few studies have incorporated the evolutionary insights provided by analysis of phylogenetic structure along with community composition to assess the effects of exotic invasion on freshwater wetlands. Here, we assess the taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships among acid seep springs to investigate the potential homogenization or resistance of communities due to invasion of an exotic grass. Results Multivariate community analyses indicated differences in community and phylogenetic composition and dispersion among acid seep springs, associated with gradients in soil moisture, canopy cover, and phylogenetic diversity. By contrast, univariate analyses showed differences in taxonomic diversity but not phylogenetic diversity among acid seep springs. Conclusions Despite exotic invasion, individual acid seep springs remained taxonomically and phylogenetically distinct from each other. Taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity metrics revealed different aspects of composition, reinforcing the importance of including both in analyses of plant communities for understanding community assembly following exotic invasion and for management purposes. Within acid seep springs, taxonomic and phylogenetic composition appear to be driven more through environmental filtering by light and moisture than by the competitive effects following invasion of an exotic grass in support of Elton’s biotic resistance hypothesis.
David F. Barfknecht; David J. Gibson. Taxonomic and phylogenetic composition show biotic resistance to exotic invasion in acid seep springs. Ecological Processes 2021, 10, 1 -12.
AMA StyleDavid F. Barfknecht, David J. Gibson. Taxonomic and phylogenetic composition show biotic resistance to exotic invasion in acid seep springs. Ecological Processes. 2021; 10 (1):1-12.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid F. Barfknecht; David J. Gibson. 2021. "Taxonomic and phylogenetic composition show biotic resistance to exotic invasion in acid seep springs." Ecological Processes 10, no. 1: 1-12.
Aims The productivity‐plant diversity relationship is a central subject in ecology under debates for decades. Anthropogenic disturbances have been demonstrated to affect productivity and plant diversity. However, the impact of disturbances on the productivity‐diversity relationship is poorly understood. Location An old‐field located at the Touch of Nature Environmental Center in Jackson County, Illinois, USA. Methods A manipulative experiment with fertilizer (unfertilized, fertilized annually, fertilized every five years) and mowing (unmowed, mowed in spring only, mowed in spring and fall) in a successional old field began in 1996 to examine disturbance effects on aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP)‐plant diversity relationships. Taxonomic (species richness, T0) and phylogenetic (net relatedness index, NRI) diversity were selected as potential plant diversity metrics. Results A unimodal relationship of ANPP with T0 and a negative relationship between ANPP and NRI were found across all treatments and years in this study, but individual years showed different patterns. Fertilization did not affect T0, NRI, and ANPP, whereas mowing stimulated T0 and ANPP but reduced NRI (i.e., increasing phylogenetic diversity) across all survey years. New colonists, especially exotic species introduced under mowing, but not locally extinct species, were more distantly related to resident species than by chance, implying that exotic species invasion contributes to phylogenetic overdispersion of community assembly in the old field. However, the patterns of the unimodal relationship of ANPP with T0 and the negative correlation between ANPP and NRI did not changed under fertilization or mowing in this study. Conclusions Anthropogenic disturbances alter productivity and different dimensions of plant diversity, but do not change the patterns of the productivity‐diversity relationships. Our findings highlight the robust relationship between productivity and diversity providing empirical support for productivity as a powerful predictor of plant diversity under intensified human activities.
Guoyong Li; David F. Barfknecht; David John Gibson. Disturbance effects on productivity–plant diversity relationships from a 22‐year‐old successional field. Journal of Vegetation Science 2020, 32, 1 .
AMA StyleGuoyong Li, David F. Barfknecht, David John Gibson. Disturbance effects on productivity–plant diversity relationships from a 22‐year‐old successional field. Journal of Vegetation Science. 2020; 32 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGuoyong Li; David F. Barfknecht; David John Gibson. 2020. "Disturbance effects on productivity–plant diversity relationships from a 22‐year‐old successional field." Journal of Vegetation Science 32, no. 1: 1.
We propose combining the filter framework model of community assembly with the passenger-driver model of non-native species behavior to help clarify the impacts of invasive species in the communities they invade and to guide sustainable management protocols. Observational field surveys and a greenhouse experiment explored the role of the invasive legume Lespedeza cuneata in the communities it invades and how natives in three functional groups—grasses, forbs, and legumes—respond to its presence. Within-site analyses from the field survey revealed differences in invaded and uninvaded areas in half of the sites, suggesting that site-specific characteristics influences whether L. cuneata’s presence corresponds to local differences in species composition. The greenhouse experiment found higher levels of saprophytic and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil conditioned by L. cuneata than in unconditioned soil. However, competition between L. cuneata or the native congener L. capitata and nine native species illustrated stronger aboveground competitive effects than belowground soil effects due to soil conditioning, with impacts differing among functional groups. The response of L. cuneata was reduced in the presence of grasses and other legumes but not forbs. Assessing the impact of L. cuneata with the combined community assembly model revealed this invasive plant acts as a driver because it alters abiotic and biotic filters to impact species composition. Managing for high grass abundance and planting native legumes will help sustain grasslands from L. cuneata invasion.
Erin M Garrett; David J Gibson. Identifying Sustainable Grassland Management Approaches in Response to the Invasive Legume Lespedeza cuneata: A Functional Group Approach. Sustainability 2020, 12, 5951 .
AMA StyleErin M Garrett, David J Gibson. Identifying Sustainable Grassland Management Approaches in Response to the Invasive Legume Lespedeza cuneata: A Functional Group Approach. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):5951.
Chicago/Turabian StyleErin M Garrett; David J Gibson. 2020. "Identifying Sustainable Grassland Management Approaches in Response to the Invasive Legume Lespedeza cuneata: A Functional Group Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 5951.
Community composition and diversity can change following exotic invasion. We tested the extent to which acid seep spring communities in southern Illinois had changed in composition and community heterogeneity based on three species surveys over 49 years. We also investigated the extent of changes in taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity since the invasion of Microstegium vimineum, an exotic grass. Floristic surveys of ten acid seep springs in southern Illinois were conducted in summer 2017 and compared to two previous surveys from 1968 and 2008. We investigated changes among acid seep springs and between surveys in species composition and community heterogeneity with multivariate ordination based on site dissimilarity, and univariate analyses comparing changes in taxonomic diversity (species richness and exotic species richness) and phylogenetic diversity [net relatedness (NRI) and nearest taxon indices (NTI)] determined from a species phylogeny based upon two plastid sequences (rbcL and matK). Acid seep spring communities became more compositionally similar to each other following woody plant encroachment and M. vimineum invasion. Total species richness declines were observed between surveys while exotic species richness increased. While NRI did not exhibit any temporal patterns, NTI significantly increased over time indicating that a decrease in phylogenetic diversity accompanied exotic invasion over almost half a century within these plant communities.
David F. Barfknecht; David Gibson; Kurt M. Neubig. Plant community and phylogenetic shifts in acid seep springs over 49 years following Microstegium vimineum invasion. Plant Ecology 2020, 221, 167 -175.
AMA StyleDavid F. Barfknecht, David Gibson, Kurt M. Neubig. Plant community and phylogenetic shifts in acid seep springs over 49 years following Microstegium vimineum invasion. Plant Ecology. 2020; 221 (3):167-175.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid F. Barfknecht; David Gibson; Kurt M. Neubig. 2020. "Plant community and phylogenetic shifts in acid seep springs over 49 years following Microstegium vimineum invasion." Plant Ecology 221, no. 3: 167-175.
Random species loss has been shown experimentally to reduce ecosystem function, sometimes more than other anthropogenic environmental changes. Yet, controversy surrounds the importance of this finding for natural systems where species loss is non‐random. We compiled data from 16 multi‐year experiments located at a single native tallgrass prairie site. These experiments included responses to 11 anthropogenic environmental changes, as well as non‐random biodiversity loss either the removal of uncommon/rare plant species or the most common (dominant) species. As predicted by the mass ratio hypothesis, loss of a dominant species had large impacts on productivity that were comparable to other anthropogenic drivers. In contrast, the loss of uncommon/rare species had small effects on productivity despite having the largest effects on species richness. The anthropogenic drivers that had the largest effects on productivity nitrogen, irrigation, and fire experienced not only loss of species but also significant changes in the abundance and identity of dominant species. Synthesis. These results suggest that mass ratio effects, rather than species loss per se, are an important determinant of ecosystem function with environmental change.
Melinda D. Smith; Sally E. Koerner; Alan K. Knapp; Meghan L. Avolio; Francis A. Chaves; Elsie M. Denton; John Dietrich; David J. Gibson; Jesse Gray; Ava M. Hoffman; David L. Hoover; Kimberly J. Komatsu; Andrea Silletti; Kevin R. Wilcox; Qiang Yu; John M. Blair. Mass ratio effects underlie ecosystem responses to environmental change. Journal of Ecology 2020, 108, 855 -864.
AMA StyleMelinda D. Smith, Sally E. Koerner, Alan K. Knapp, Meghan L. Avolio, Francis A. Chaves, Elsie M. Denton, John Dietrich, David J. Gibson, Jesse Gray, Ava M. Hoffman, David L. Hoover, Kimberly J. Komatsu, Andrea Silletti, Kevin R. Wilcox, Qiang Yu, John M. Blair. Mass ratio effects underlie ecosystem responses to environmental change. Journal of Ecology. 2020; 108 (3):855-864.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMelinda D. Smith; Sally E. Koerner; Alan K. Knapp; Meghan L. Avolio; Francis A. Chaves; Elsie M. Denton; John Dietrich; David J. Gibson; Jesse Gray; Ava M. Hoffman; David L. Hoover; Kimberly J. Komatsu; Andrea Silletti; Kevin R. Wilcox; Qiang Yu; John M. Blair. 2020. "Mass ratio effects underlie ecosystem responses to environmental change." Journal of Ecology 108, no. 3: 855-864.
Plant traits-the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants-determine how plants respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, and influence ecosystem properties and their benefits and detriments to people. Plant trait data thus represent the basis for a vast area of research spanning from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology, to biodiversity conservation, ecosystem and landscape management, restoration, biogeography and earth system modelling. Since its foundation in 2007, the TRY database of plant traits has grown continuously. It now provides unprecedented data coverage under an open access data policy and is the main plant trait database used by the research community worldwide. Increasingly, the TRY database also supports new frontiers of trait-based plant research, including the identification of data gaps and the subsequent mobilization or measurement of new data. To support this development, in this article we evaluate the extent of the trait data compiled in TRY and analyse emerging patterns of data coverage and representativeness. Best species coverage is achieved for categorical traits-almost complete coverage for 'plant growth form'. However, most traits relevant for ecology and vegetation modelling are characterized by continuous intraspecific variation and trait-environmental relationships. These traits have to be measured on individual plants in their respective environment. Despite unprecedented data coverage, we observe a humbling lack of completeness and representativeness of these continuous traits in many aspects. We, therefore, conclude that reducing data gaps and biases in the TRY database remains a key challenge and requires a coordinated approach to data mobilization and trait measurements. This can only be achieved in collaboration with other initiatives.
Jens Kattge; Gerhard Bönisch; Milton Diaz; Sandra Lavorel; Iain Colin Prentice; Paul Leadley; Susanne Tautenhahn; Gijsbert D. A. Werner; Tuomas Aakala; Mehdi Abedi; Alicia T. R. Acosta; George C. Adamidis; Kairi Adamson; Masahiro Aiba; Cécile H. Albert; Julio M. Alcántara; Carolina Alcázar C; Izabela Aleixo; Hamada Ali; Bernard Amiaud; Christian Ammer; Mariano M. Amoroso; Madhur Anand; Carolyn Anderson; Niels Anten; Joseph Antos; Deborah Mattos Guimarães Apgaua; Tia‐Lynn Ashman; Degi Harja Asmara; Gregory P. Asner; Michael Aspinwall; Owen Atkin; Isabelle Aubin; Lars Baastrup‐Spohr; Khadijeh Bahalkeh; Michael Bahn; Timothy Baker; William J. Baker; Jan P. Bakker; Dennis Baldocchi; Jennifer Baltzer; Arindam Banerjee; Anne Baranger; Jos Barlow; Diego R. Barneche; Zdravko Baruch; Denis Bastianelli; John Battles; William Bauerle; Marijn Bauters; Erika Bazzato; Michael Beckmann; Hans Beeckman; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Renee Bekker; Gavin Belfry; Michael Belluau; Mirela Beloiu; Raquel Benavides; Lahcen Benomar; Mary Lee Berdugo‐Lattke; Erika Berenguer; Rodrigo Bergamin; Joana Bergmann; Marcos Bergmann Carlucci; Logan Berner; Markus Bernhardt‐Römermann; Christof Bigler; Anne D. Bjorkman; Chris Blackman; Carolina Blanco; Benjamin Blonder; Dana Blumenthal; Kelly T. Bocanegra‐González; Pascal Boeckx; Stephanie Bohlman; Katrin Böhning‐Gaese; Laura Boisvert‐Marsh; William Bond; Ben Bond‐Lamberty; Arnoud Boom; Coline C. F. Boonman; Kauane Bordin; Elizabeth H. Boughton; Vanessa Boukili; David M. J. S. Bowman; Sandra Bravo; Marco Richard Brendel; Martin R. Broadley; Kerry A. Brown; Helge Bruelheide; Federico Brumnich; Hans Henrik Bruun; David Bruy; Serra W. Buchanan; Solveig Franziska Bucher; Nina Buchmann; Robert Buitenwerf; Daniel E. Bunker; Jana Bürger; Sabina Burrascano; David F. R. P. Burslem; Bradley J. Butterfield; ChaeHo Byun; Marcia Marques; Marina C. Scalon; Marco Caccianiga; Marc Cadotte; Maxime Cailleret; James Camac; Jesús Julio Camarero; Courtney Campany; Giandiego Campetella; Juan Antonio Campos; Laura Cano‐Arboleda; Roberto Canullo; Michele Carbognani; Fabio Carvalho; Fernando Casanoves; Bastien Castagneyrol; Jane A. Catford; Jeannine Cavender‐Bares; Bruno E. L. Cerabolini; Marco Cervellini; Eduardo Chacón‐Madrigal; Kenneth Chapin; F. Stuart Chapin; Stefano Chelli; Si‐Chong Chen; Anping Chen; Paolo Cherubini; Francesco Chianucci; Brendan Choat; Kyong‐Sook Chung; Milan Chytrý; Daniela Ciccarelli; Lluís Coll; Courtney G. Collins; Luisa Conti; David Coomes; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; William K. Cornwell; Piermaria Corona; Marie Coyea; Joseph Craine; Dylan Craven; Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt; Anikó Csecserits; Katarina Cufar; Matthias Cuntz; Ana Carolina Silva; Kyla M. Dahlin; Matteo Dainese; Igor Dalke; Michele Dalle Fratte; Anh Tuan Dang‐Le; Jirí Danihelka; Masako Dannoura; Samantha Dawson; Arend Jacobus Beer; Angel De Frutos; Jonathan R. De Long; Benjamin Dechant; Sylvain Delagrange; Nicolas Delpierre; Géraldine Derroire; Arildo S. Dias; Milton Hugo Diaz‐Toribio; Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos; Mark Dobrowolski; Daniel Doktor; Pavel Dřevojan; Ning Dong; John Dransfield; Stefan Dressler; Leandro Duarte; Emilie Ducouret; Stefan Dullinger; Walter Durka; Remko Duursma; Olga Dymova; Anna E‐Vojtkó; Rolf Lutz Eckstein; Hamid Ejtehadi; James Elser; Thaise Emilio; Kristine Engemann; Mohammad Bagher Erfanian; Alexandra Erfmeier; Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert; Gerd Esser; Marc Estiarte; Tomas F. Domingues; William F. Fagan; Jaime Fagúndez; Daniel S. Falster; Ying Fan; Jingyun Fang; Emmanuele Farris; Fatih Fazlioglu; Yanhao Feng; Fernando Fernandez‐Mendez; Carlotta Ferrara; Joice Ferreira; Alessandra Fidelis; Bryan Finegan; Jennifer Firn; Timothy J. Flowers; Dan F. B. Flynn; Veronika Fontana; Estelle Forey; Cristiane Forgiarini; Louis François; Marcelo Frangipani; Dorothea Frank; Cedric Frenette‐Dussault; Grégoire T. Freschet; Ellen L. Fry; Nikolaos M. Fyllas; Guilherme G. Mazzochini; Sophie Gachet; Rachael Gallagher; Gislene Ganade; Francesca Ganga; Pablo García‐Palacios; Verónica Gargaglione; Eric Garnier; Jose Luis Garrido; André Luís Gasper; Guillermo Gea‐Izquierdo; David Gibson; Andrew N. Gillison; Aelton Giroldo; Mary‐Claire Glasenhardt; Sean Gleason; Mariana Gliesch; Emma Goldberg; Bastian Göldel; Erika Gonzalez‐Akre; Jose L. Gonzalez‐Andujar; Andrés González‐Melo; Ana González‐Robles; Bente Jessen Graae; Elena Granda; Sarah Graves; Walton A. Green; Thomas Gregor; Nicolas Gross; Greg R. Guerin; Angela Günther; Alvaro G. Gutiérrez; Lillie Haddock; Anna Haines; Jefferson Hall; Alain Hambuckers; Wenxuan Han; Sandy P. Harrison; Wesley Hattingh; Joseph E. Hawes; Tianhua He; Pengcheng He; Jacob Mason Heberling; Aveliina Helm; Stefan Hempel; Jörn Hentschel; Bruno Hérault; Ana‐Maria Hereş; Katharina Herz; Myriam Heuertz; Thomas Hickler; Peter Hietz; Pedro Higuchi; Andrew L. Hipp; Andrew Hirons; Maria Hock; James Aaron Hogan; Karen Holl; Olivier Honnay; Daniel Hornstein; Enqing Hou; Nate Hough‐Snee; Knut Anders Hovstad; Tomoaki Ichie; Boris Igić; Estela Illa; Marney Isaac; Masae Ishihara; Leonid Ivanov; Larissa Ivanova; Colleen M. Iversen; Jordi Izquierdo; Robert B. Jackson; Benjamin Jackson; Hervé Jactel; Andrzej M. Jagodzinski; Ute Jandt; Steven Jansen; Thomas Jenkins; Anke Jentsch; Jens Rasmus Plantener Jespersen; Guo‐Feng Jiang; Jesper Liengaard Johansen; David Johnson; Eric J. Jokela; Carlos Alfredo Joly; Gregory J. Jordan; Grant Stuart Joseph; Decky Junaedi; Robert R. Junker; Eric Justes; Richard Kabzems; Jeffrey Kane; Zdenek Kaplan; Teja Kattenborn; Lyudmila Kavelenova; Elizabeth Kearsley; Anne Kempel; Tanaka Kenzo; Andrew Kerkhoff; Mohammed I. Khalil; Nicole L. Kinlock; Wilm Daniel Kissling; Kaoru Kitajima; Thomas Kitzberger; Rasmus Kjøller; Tamir Klein; Michael Kleyer; Jitka Klimešová; Joice Klipel; Brian Kloeppel; Stefan Klotz; Johannes M. H. Knops; Takashi Kohyama; Fumito Koike; Johannes Kollmann; Benjamin Komac; Kimberly Komatsu; Christian König; Nathan J. B. Kraft; Koen Kramer; Holger Kreft; Ingolf Kühn; Dushan Kumarathunge; Jonas Kuppler; Hiroko Kurokawa; Yoko Kurosawa; Shem Kuyah; Jean‐Paul Laclau; Benoit Lafleur; Erik Lallai; Eric Lamb; Andrea Lamprecht; Daniel J. Larkin; Daniel Laughlin; Yoann Le Bagousse‐Pinguet; Guerric Maire; Peter C. Roux; Elizabeth Roux; Tali Lee; Frederic Lens; Simon L. Lewis; Barbara Lhotsky; Yuanzhi Li; Xine Li; Jeremy W. Lichstein; Mario Liebergesell; Jun Ying Lim; Yan‐Shih Lin; Juan Carlos Linares; ChunJiang Liu; Daijun Liu; Udayangani Liu; Stuart Livingstone; Joan Llusià; Madelon Lohbeck; Álvaro López‐García; Gabriela Lopez‐Gonzalez; Zdeňka Lososová; Frédérique Louault; Balázs A. Lukács; Petr Lukeš; Yunjian Luo; Michele Lussu; Siyan Ma; Camilla Maciel Rabelo Pereira; Michelle Mack; Vincent Maire; Annikki Mäkelä; Harri Mäkinen; Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado; Azim Mallik; Peter Manning; Stefano Manzoni; Zuleica Marchetti; Luca Marchino; Vinicius Marcilio‐Silva; Eric Marcon; Michela Marignani; Lars Markesteijn; Adam Martin; Cristina Martínez‐Garza; Jordi Martínez‐Vilalta; Tereza Mašková; Kelly Mason; Norman Mason; Tara Joy Massad; Jacynthe Masse; Itay Mayrose; James McCarthy; M. Luke McCormack; Katherine McCulloh; Ian R. McFadden; Brian J. McGill; Mara Y. McPartland; Juliana S. Medeiros; Belinda Medlyn; Pierre Meerts; Zia Mehrabi; Patrick Meir; Felipe P. L. Melo; Maurizio Mencuccini; Céline Meredieu; Julie Messier; Ilona Mészáros; Juha Metsaranta; Sean T. Michaletz; Chrysanthi Michelaki; Svetlana Migalina; Ruben Milla; Jesse E. D. Miller; Vanessa Minden; Ray Ming; Karel Mokany; Angela T. Moles; Attila Molnár; Jane Molofsky; Martin Molz; Rebecca A. Montgomery; Arnaud Monty; Lenka Moravcová; Alvaro Moreno‐Martínez; Marco Moretti; Akira S. Mori; Shigeta Mori; Dave Morris; Jane Morrison; Ladislav Mucina; Sandra Mueller; Christopher D. Muir; Sandra Cristina Müller; François Munoz; Isla H. Myers‐Smith; Randall W. Myster; Masahiro Nagano; Shawna Naidu; Ayyappan Narayanan; Balachandran Natesan; Luka Negoita; Andrew S. Nelson; Eike Lena Neuschulz; Ênio Egon Sosinski Júnior; Georg Niedrist; Jhon Nieto; Ülo Niinemets; Rachael Nolan; Henning Nottebrock; Yann Nouvellon; Alexander Novakovskiy; Kristin Odden Nystuen; Anthony O'Grady; Kevin O'Hara; Andrew O'Reilly‐Nugent; Simon Oakley; Walter Oberhuber; Toshiyuki Ohtsuka; Ricardo Oliveira; Kinga Öllerer; Mark E. Olson; Vladimir Onipchenko; Yusuke Onoda; Renske E. Onstein; Jenny C. Ordonez; Noriyuki Osada; Ivika Ostonen; Gianluigi Ottaviani; Sarah Otto; Gerhard E. Overbeck; Wim A. Ozinga; Anna T. Pahl; C. E. Timothy Paine; Robin J. Pakeman; Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou; Evgeniya Parfionova; Meelis Pärtel; Marco Patacca; Susana Paula; Juraj Paule; Harald Pauli; Juli G. Pausas; Begoña Peco; Josep Penuelas; Antonio Perea; Pablo Luis Peri; Ana Carolina Petisco‐Souza; Alessandro Petraglia; Any Mary Petritan; Oliver L. Phillips; Simon Pierce; Valério D. Pillar; Jan Pisek; Alexandr Pomogaybin; Hendrik Poorter; Angelika Portsmuth; Peter Poschlod; Catherine Potvin; Devon Pounds; A. Shafer Powell; Sally A. Power; Andreas Prinzing; Giacomo Puglielli; Petr Pyšek; Valerie Raevel; Anja Rammig; Johannes Ransijn; Courtenay A. Ray; Peter B. Reich; Markus Reichstein; Douglas E. B. Reid; Maxime Réjou‐Méchain; Victor Resco Dios; Sabina Ribeiro; Sarah Richardson; Kersti Riibak; Matthias C. Rillig; Fiamma Riviera; Elisabeth M. R. Robert; Scott Roberts; Bjorn Robroek; Adam Roddy; Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues; Alistair Rogers; Emily Rollinson; Victor Rolo; Christine Römermann; Dina Ronzhina; Christiane Roscher; Julieta A. Rosell; Milena Fermina Rosenfield; Christian Rossi; David B. Roy; Samuel Royer‐Tardif; Nadja Rüger; Ricardo Ruiz‐Peinado; Sabine B. Rumpf; Graciela M. Rusch; Masahiro Ryo; Lawren Sack; Angela Saldaña; Beatriz Salgado‐Negret; Roberto Salguero‐Gomez; Ignacio Santa‐Regina; Ana Carolina Santacruz‐García; Joaquim Santos; Jordi Sardans; Brandon Schamp; Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen; Matthias Schleuning; Bernhard Schmid; Marco Schmidt; Sylvain Schmitt; Julio V. Schneider; Simon D. Schowanek; Julian Schrader; Franziska Schrodt; Bernhard Schuldt; Frank Schurr; Galia Selaya Garvizu; Marina Semchenko; Colleen Seymour; Julia C. Sfair; Joanne M. Sharpe; Christine S. Sheppard; Serge Sheremetiev; Satomi Shiodera; Bill Shipley; Tanvir Ahmed Shovon; Alrun Siebenkäs; Carlos Sierra; Vasco Silva; Mateus Silva; Tommaso Sitzia; Henrik Sjöman; Martijn Slot; Nicholas G. Smith; Darwin Sodhi; Pamela Soltis; Dougl. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access. Global Change Biology 2019, 26, 119 -188.
AMA StyleJens Kattge, Gerhard Bönisch, Milton Diaz, Sandra Lavorel, Iain Colin Prentice, Paul Leadley, Susanne Tautenhahn, Gijsbert D. A. Werner, Tuomas Aakala, Mehdi Abedi, Alicia T. R. Acosta, George C. Adamidis, Kairi Adamson, Masahiro Aiba, Cécile H. Albert, Julio M. Alcántara, Carolina Alcázar C, Izabela Aleixo, Hamada Ali, Bernard Amiaud, Christian Ammer, Mariano M. Amoroso, Madhur Anand, Carolyn Anderson, Niels Anten, Joseph Antos, Deborah Mattos Guimarães Apgaua, Tia‐Lynn Ashman, Degi Harja Asmara, Gregory P. Asner, Michael Aspinwall, Owen Atkin, Isabelle Aubin, Lars Baastrup‐Spohr, Khadijeh Bahalkeh, Michael Bahn, Timothy Baker, William J. Baker, Jan P. Bakker, Dennis Baldocchi, Jennifer Baltzer, Arindam Banerjee, Anne Baranger, Jos Barlow, Diego R. Barneche, Zdravko Baruch, Denis Bastianelli, John Battles, William Bauerle, Marijn Bauters, Erika Bazzato, Michael Beckmann, Hans Beeckman, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Renee Bekker, Gavin Belfry, Michael Belluau, Mirela Beloiu, Raquel Benavides, Lahcen Benomar, Mary Lee Berdugo‐Lattke, Erika Berenguer, Rodrigo Bergamin, Joana Bergmann, Marcos Bergmann Carlucci, Logan Berner, Markus Bernhardt‐Römermann, Christof Bigler, Anne D. Bjorkman, Chris Blackman, Carolina Blanco, Benjamin Blonder, Dana Blumenthal, Kelly T. Bocanegra‐González, Pascal Boeckx, Stephanie Bohlman, Katrin Böhning‐Gaese, Laura Boisvert‐Marsh, William Bond, Ben Bond‐Lamberty, Arnoud Boom, Coline C. F. Boonman, Kauane Bordin, Elizabeth H. Boughton, Vanessa Boukili, David M. J. S. Bowman, Sandra Bravo, Marco Richard Brendel, Martin R. Broadley, Kerry A. Brown, Helge Bruelheide, Federico Brumnich, Hans Henrik Bruun, David Bruy, Serra W. Buchanan, Solveig Franziska Bucher, Nina Buchmann, Robert Buitenwerf, Daniel E. Bunker, Jana Bürger, Sabina Burrascano, David F. R. P. Burslem, Bradley J. Butterfield, ChaeHo Byun, Marcia Marques, Marina C. Scalon, Marco Caccianiga, Marc Cadotte, Maxime Cailleret, James Camac, Jesús Julio Camarero, Courtney Campany, Giandiego Campetella, Juan Antonio Campos, Laura Cano‐Arboleda, Roberto Canullo, Michele Carbognani, Fabio Carvalho, Fernando Casanoves, Bastien Castagneyrol, Jane A. Catford, Jeannine Cavender‐Bares, Bruno E. L. Cerabolini, Marco Cervellini, Eduardo Chacón‐Madrigal, Kenneth Chapin, F. Stuart Chapin, Stefano Chelli, Si‐Chong Chen, Anping Chen, Paolo Cherubini, Francesco Chianucci, Brendan Choat, Kyong‐Sook Chung, Milan Chytrý, Daniela Ciccarelli, Lluís Coll, Courtney G. Collins, Luisa Conti, David Coomes, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, William K. Cornwell, Piermaria Corona, Marie Coyea, Joseph Craine, Dylan Craven, Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt, Anikó Csecserits, Katarina Cufar, Matthias Cuntz, Ana Carolina Silva, Kyla M. Dahlin, Matteo Dainese, Igor Dalke, Michele Dalle Fratte, Anh Tuan Dang‐Le, Jirí Danihelka, Masako Dannoura, Samantha Dawson, Arend Jacobus Beer, Angel De Frutos, Jonathan R. De Long, Benjamin Dechant, Sylvain Delagrange, Nicolas Delpierre, Géraldine Derroire, Arildo S. Dias, Milton Hugo Diaz‐Toribio, Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos, Mark Dobrowolski, Daniel Doktor, Pavel Dřevojan, Ning Dong, John Dransfield, Stefan Dressler, Leandro Duarte, Emilie Ducouret, Stefan Dullinger, Walter Durka, Remko Duursma, Olga Dymova, Anna E‐Vojtkó, Rolf Lutz Eckstein, Hamid Ejtehadi, James Elser, Thaise Emilio, Kristine Engemann, Mohammad Bagher Erfanian, Alexandra Erfmeier, Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert, Gerd Esser, Marc Estiarte, Tomas F. Domingues, William F. Fagan, Jaime Fagúndez, Daniel S. Falster, Ying Fan, Jingyun Fang, Emmanuele Farris, Fatih Fazlioglu, Yanhao Feng, Fernando Fernandez‐Mendez, Carlotta Ferrara, Joice Ferreira, Alessandra Fidelis, Bryan Finegan, Jennifer Firn, Timothy J. Flowers, Dan F. B. Flynn, Veronika Fontana, Estelle Forey, Cristiane Forgiarini, Louis François, Marcelo Frangipani, Dorothea Frank, Cedric Frenette‐Dussault, Grégoire T. Freschet, Ellen L. Fry, Nikolaos M. Fyllas, Guilherme G. Mazzochini, Sophie Gachet, Rachael Gallagher, Gislene Ganade, Francesca Ganga, Pablo García‐Palacios, Verónica Gargaglione, Eric Garnier, Jose Luis Garrido, André Luís Gasper, Guillermo Gea‐Izquierdo, David Gibson, Andrew N. Gillison, Aelton Giroldo, Mary‐Claire Glasenhardt, Sean Gleason, Mariana Gliesch, Emma Goldberg, Bastian Göldel, Erika Gonzalez‐Akre, Jose L. Gonzalez‐Andujar, Andrés González‐Melo, Ana González‐Robles, Bente Jessen Graae, Elena Granda, Sarah Graves, Walton A. Green, Thomas Gregor, Nicolas Gross, Greg R. Guerin, Angela Günther, Alvaro G. Gutiérrez, Lillie Haddock, Anna Haines, Jefferson Hall, Alain Hambuckers, Wenxuan Han, Sandy P. Harrison, Wesley Hattingh, Joseph E. Hawes, Tianhua He, Pengcheng He, Jacob Mason Heberling, Aveliina Helm, Stefan Hempel, Jörn Hentschel, Bruno Hérault, Ana‐Maria Hereş, Katharina Herz, Myriam Heuertz, Thomas Hickler, Peter Hietz, Pedro Higuchi, Andrew L. Hipp, Andrew Hirons, Maria Hock, James Aaron Hogan, Karen Holl, Olivier Honnay, Daniel Hornstein, Enqing Hou, Nate Hough‐Snee, Knut Anders Hovstad, Tomoaki Ichie, Boris Igić, Estela Illa, Marney Isaac, Masae Ishihara, Leonid Ivanov, Larissa Ivanova, Colleen M. Iversen, Jordi Izquierdo, Robert B. Jackson, Benjamin Jackson, Hervé Jactel, Andrzej M. Jagodzinski, Ute Jandt, Steven Jansen, Thomas Jenkins, Anke Jentsch, Jens Rasmus Plantener Jespersen, Guo‐Feng Jiang, Jesper Liengaard Johansen, David Johnson, Eric J. Jokela, Carlos Alfredo Joly, Gregory J. Jordan, Grant Stuart Joseph, Decky Junaedi, Robert R. Junker, Eric Justes, Richard Kabzems, Jeffrey Kane, Zdenek Kaplan, Teja Kattenborn, Lyudmila Kavelenova, Elizabeth Kearsley, Anne Kempel, Tanaka Kenzo, Andrew Kerkhoff, Mohammed I. Khalil, Nicole L. Kinlock, Wilm Daniel Kissling, Kaoru Kitajima, Thomas Kitzberger, Rasmus Kjøller, Tamir Klein, Michael Kleyer, Jitka Klimešová, Joice Klipel, Brian Kloeppel, Stefan Klotz, Johannes M. H. Knops, Takashi Kohyama, Fumito Koike, Johannes Kollmann, Benjamin Komac, Kimberly Komatsu, Christian König, Nathan J. B. Kraft, Koen Kramer, Holger Kreft, Ingolf Kühn, Dushan Kumarathunge, Jonas Kuppler, Hiroko Kurokawa, Yoko Kurosawa, Shem Kuyah, Jean‐Paul Laclau, Benoit Lafleur, Erik Lallai, Eric Lamb, Andrea Lamprecht, Daniel J. Larkin, Daniel Laughlin, Yoann Le Bagousse‐Pinguet, Guerric Maire, Peter C. Roux, Elizabeth Roux, Tali Lee, Frederic Lens, Simon L. Lewis, Barbara Lhotsky, Yuanzhi Li, Xine Li, Jeremy W. Lichstein, Mario Liebergesell, Jun Ying Lim, Yan‐Shih Lin, Juan Carlos Linares, ChunJiang Liu, Daijun Liu, Udayangani Liu, Stuart Livingstone, Joan Llusià, Madelon Lohbeck, Álvaro López‐García, Gabriela Lopez‐Gonzalez, Zdeňka Lososová, Frédérique Louault, Balázs A. Lukács, Petr Lukeš, Yunjian Luo, Michele Lussu, Siyan Ma, Camilla Maciel Rabelo Pereira, Michelle Mack, Vincent Maire, Annikki Mäkelä, Harri Mäkinen, Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado, Azim Mallik, Peter Manning, Stefano Manzoni, Zuleica Marchetti, Luca Marchino, Vinicius Marcilio‐Silva, Eric Marcon, Michela Marignani, Lars Markesteijn, Adam Martin, Cristina Martínez‐Garza, Jordi Martínez‐Vilalta, Tereza Mašková, Kelly Mason, Norman Mason, Tara Joy Massad, Jacynthe Masse, Itay Mayrose, James McCarthy, M. Luke McCormack, Katherine McCulloh, Ian R. McFadden, Brian J. McGill, Mara Y. McPartland, Juliana S. Medeiros, Belinda Medlyn, Pierre Meerts, Zia Mehrabi, Patrick Meir, Felipe P. L. Melo, Maurizio Mencuccini, Céline Meredieu, Julie Messier, Ilona Mészáros, Juha Metsaranta, Sean T. Michaletz, Chrysanthi Michelaki, Svetlana Migalina, Ruben Milla, Jesse E. D. Miller, Vanessa Minden, Ray Ming, Karel Mokany, Angela T. Moles, Attila Molnár, Jane Molofsky, Martin Molz, Rebecca A. Montgomery, Arnaud Monty, Lenka Moravcová, Alvaro Moreno‐Martínez, Marco Moretti, Akira S. Mori, Shigeta Mori, Dave Morris, Jane Morrison, Ladislav Mucina, Sandra Mueller, Christopher D. Muir, Sandra Cristina Müller, François Munoz, Isla H. Myers‐Smith, Randall W. Myster, Masahiro Nagano, Shawna Naidu, Ayyappan Narayanan, Balachandran Natesan, Luka Negoita, Andrew S. Nelson, Eike Lena Neuschulz, Ênio Egon Sosinski Júnior, Georg Niedrist, Jhon Nieto, Ülo Niinemets, Rachael Nolan, Henning Nottebrock, Yann Nouvellon, Alexander Novakovskiy, Kristin Odden Nystuen, Anthony O'Grady, Kevin O'Hara, Andrew O'Reilly‐Nugent, Simon Oakley, Walter Oberhuber, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Ricardo Oliveira, Kinga Öllerer, Mark E. Olson, Vladimir Onipchenko, Yusuke Onoda, Renske E. Onstein, Jenny C. Ordonez, Noriyuki Osada, Ivika Ostonen, Gianluigi Ottaviani, Sarah Otto, Gerhard E. Overbeck, Wim A. Ozinga, Anna T. Pahl, C. E. Timothy Paine, Robin J. Pakeman, Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou, Evgeniya Parfionova, Meelis Pärtel, Marco Patacca, Susana Paula, Juraj Paule, Harald Pauli, Juli G. Pausas, Begoña Peco, Josep Penuelas, Antonio Perea, Pablo Luis Peri, Ana Carolina Petisco‐Souza, Alessandro Petraglia, Any Mary Petritan, Oliver L. Phillips, Simon Pierce, Valério D. Pillar, Jan Pisek, Alexandr Pomogaybin, Hendrik Poorter, Angelika Portsmuth, Peter Poschlod, Catherine Potvin, Devon Pounds, A. Shafer Powell, Sally A. Power, Andreas Prinzing, Giacomo Puglielli, Petr Pyšek, Valerie Raevel, Anja Rammig, Johannes Ransijn, Courtenay A. Ray, Peter B. Reich, Markus Reichstein, Douglas E. B. Reid, Maxime Réjou‐Méchain, Victor Resco Dios, Sabina Ribeiro, Sarah Richardson, Kersti Riibak, Matthias C. Rillig, Fiamma Riviera, Elisabeth M. R. Robert, Scott Roberts, Bjorn Robroek, Adam Roddy, Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues, Alistair Rogers, Emily Rollinson, Victor Rolo, Christine Römermann, Dina Ronzhina, Christiane Roscher, Julieta A. Rosell, Milena Fermina Rosenfield, Christian Rossi, David B. Roy, Samuel Royer‐Tardif, Nadja Rüger, Ricardo Ruiz‐Peinado, Sabine B. Rumpf, Graciela M. Rusch, Masahiro Ryo, Lawren Sack, Angela Saldaña, Beatriz Salgado‐Negret, Roberto Salguero‐Gomez, Ignacio Santa‐Regina, Ana Carolina Santacruz‐García, Joaquim Santos, Jordi Sardans, Brandon Schamp, Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen, Matthias Schleuning, Bernhard Schmid, Marco Schmidt, Sylvain Schmitt, Julio V. Schneider, Simon D. Schowanek, Julian Schrader, Franziska Schrodt, Bernhard Schuldt, Frank Schurr, Galia Selaya Garvizu, Marina Semchenko, Colleen Seymour, Julia C. Sfair, Joanne M. Sharpe, Christine S. Sheppard, Serge Sheremetiev, Satomi Shiodera, Bill Shipley, Tanvir Ahmed Shovon, Alrun Siebenkäs, Carlos Sierra, Vasco Silva, Mateus Silva, Tommaso Sitzia, Henrik Sjöman, Martijn Slot, Nicholas G. Smith, Darwin Sodhi, Pamela Soltis, Dougl. TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access. Global Change Biology. 2019; 26 (1):119-188.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJens Kattge; Gerhard Bönisch; Milton Diaz; Sandra Lavorel; Iain Colin Prentice; Paul Leadley; Susanne Tautenhahn; Gijsbert D. A. Werner; Tuomas Aakala; Mehdi Abedi; Alicia T. R. Acosta; George C. Adamidis; Kairi Adamson; Masahiro Aiba; Cécile H. Albert; Julio M. Alcántara; Carolina Alcázar C; Izabela Aleixo; Hamada Ali; Bernard Amiaud; Christian Ammer; Mariano M. Amoroso; Madhur Anand; Carolyn Anderson; Niels Anten; Joseph Antos; Deborah Mattos Guimarães Apgaua; Tia‐Lynn Ashman; Degi Harja Asmara; Gregory P. Asner; Michael Aspinwall; Owen Atkin; Isabelle Aubin; Lars Baastrup‐Spohr; Khadijeh Bahalkeh; Michael Bahn; Timothy Baker; William J. Baker; Jan P. Bakker; Dennis Baldocchi; Jennifer Baltzer; Arindam Banerjee; Anne Baranger; Jos Barlow; Diego R. Barneche; Zdravko Baruch; Denis Bastianelli; John Battles; William Bauerle; Marijn Bauters; Erika Bazzato; Michael Beckmann; Hans Beeckman; Carl Beierkuhnlein; Renee Bekker; Gavin Belfry; Michael Belluau; Mirela Beloiu; Raquel Benavides; Lahcen Benomar; Mary Lee Berdugo‐Lattke; Erika Berenguer; Rodrigo Bergamin; Joana Bergmann; Marcos Bergmann Carlucci; Logan Berner; Markus Bernhardt‐Römermann; Christof Bigler; Anne D. Bjorkman; Chris Blackman; Carolina Blanco; Benjamin Blonder; Dana Blumenthal; Kelly T. Bocanegra‐González; Pascal Boeckx; Stephanie Bohlman; Katrin Böhning‐Gaese; Laura Boisvert‐Marsh; William Bond; Ben Bond‐Lamberty; Arnoud Boom; Coline C. F. Boonman; Kauane Bordin; Elizabeth H. Boughton; Vanessa Boukili; David M. J. S. Bowman; Sandra Bravo; Marco Richard Brendel; Martin R. Broadley; Kerry A. Brown; Helge Bruelheide; Federico Brumnich; Hans Henrik Bruun; David Bruy; Serra W. Buchanan; Solveig Franziska Bucher; Nina Buchmann; Robert Buitenwerf; Daniel E. Bunker; Jana Bürger; Sabina Burrascano; David F. R. P. Burslem; Bradley J. Butterfield; ChaeHo Byun; Marcia Marques; Marina C. Scalon; Marco Caccianiga; Marc Cadotte; Maxime Cailleret; James Camac; Jesús Julio Camarero; Courtney Campany; Giandiego Campetella; Juan Antonio Campos; Laura Cano‐Arboleda; Roberto Canullo; Michele Carbognani; Fabio Carvalho; Fernando Casanoves; Bastien Castagneyrol; Jane A. Catford; Jeannine Cavender‐Bares; Bruno E. L. Cerabolini; Marco Cervellini; Eduardo Chacón‐Madrigal; Kenneth Chapin; F. Stuart Chapin; Stefano Chelli; Si‐Chong Chen; Anping Chen; Paolo Cherubini; Francesco Chianucci; Brendan Choat; Kyong‐Sook Chung; Milan Chytrý; Daniela Ciccarelli; Lluís Coll; Courtney G. Collins; Luisa Conti; David Coomes; Johannes H. C. Cornelissen; William K. Cornwell; Piermaria Corona; Marie Coyea; Joseph Craine; Dylan Craven; Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt; Anikó Csecserits; Katarina Cufar; Matthias Cuntz; Ana Carolina Silva; Kyla M. Dahlin; Matteo Dainese; Igor Dalke; Michele Dalle Fratte; Anh Tuan Dang‐Le; Jirí Danihelka; Masako Dannoura; Samantha Dawson; Arend Jacobus Beer; Angel De Frutos; Jonathan R. De Long; Benjamin Dechant; Sylvain Delagrange; Nicolas Delpierre; Géraldine Derroire; Arildo S. Dias; Milton Hugo Diaz‐Toribio; Panayiotis G. Dimitrakopoulos; Mark Dobrowolski; Daniel Doktor; Pavel Dřevojan; Ning Dong; John Dransfield; Stefan Dressler; Leandro Duarte; Emilie Ducouret; Stefan Dullinger; Walter Durka; Remko Duursma; Olga Dymova; Anna E‐Vojtkó; Rolf Lutz Eckstein; Hamid Ejtehadi; James Elser; Thaise Emilio; Kristine Engemann; Mohammad Bagher Erfanian; Alexandra Erfmeier; Adriane Esquivel‐Muelbert; Gerd Esser; Marc Estiarte; Tomas F. Domingues; William F. Fagan; Jaime Fagúndez; Daniel S. Falster; Ying Fan; Jingyun Fang; Emmanuele Farris; Fatih Fazlioglu; Yanhao Feng; Fernando Fernandez‐Mendez; Carlotta Ferrara; Joice Ferreira; Alessandra Fidelis; Bryan Finegan; Jennifer Firn; Timothy J. Flowers; Dan F. B. Flynn; Veronika Fontana; Estelle Forey; Cristiane Forgiarini; Louis François; Marcelo Frangipani; Dorothea Frank; Cedric Frenette‐Dussault; Grégoire T. Freschet; Ellen L. Fry; Nikolaos M. Fyllas; Guilherme G. Mazzochini; Sophie Gachet; Rachael Gallagher; Gislene Ganade; Francesca Ganga; Pablo García‐Palacios; Verónica Gargaglione; Eric Garnier; Jose Luis Garrido; André Luís Gasper; Guillermo Gea‐Izquierdo; David Gibson; Andrew N. Gillison; Aelton Giroldo; Mary‐Claire Glasenhardt; Sean Gleason; Mariana Gliesch; Emma Goldberg; Bastian Göldel; Erika Gonzalez‐Akre; Jose L. Gonzalez‐Andujar; Andrés González‐Melo; Ana González‐Robles; Bente Jessen Graae; Elena Granda; Sarah Graves; Walton A. Green; Thomas Gregor; Nicolas Gross; Greg R. Guerin; Angela Günther; Alvaro G. Gutiérrez; Lillie Haddock; Anna Haines; Jefferson Hall; Alain Hambuckers; Wenxuan Han; Sandy P. Harrison; Wesley Hattingh; Joseph E. Hawes; Tianhua He; Pengcheng He; Jacob Mason Heberling; Aveliina Helm; Stefan Hempel; Jörn Hentschel; Bruno Hérault; Ana‐Maria Hereş; Katharina Herz; Myriam Heuertz; Thomas Hickler; Peter Hietz; Pedro Higuchi; Andrew L. Hipp; Andrew Hirons; Maria Hock; James Aaron Hogan; Karen Holl; Olivier Honnay; Daniel Hornstein; Enqing Hou; Nate Hough‐Snee; Knut Anders Hovstad; Tomoaki Ichie; Boris Igić; Estela Illa; Marney Isaac; Masae Ishihara; Leonid Ivanov; Larissa Ivanova; Colleen M. Iversen; Jordi Izquierdo; Robert B. Jackson; Benjamin Jackson; Hervé Jactel; Andrzej M. Jagodzinski; Ute Jandt; Steven Jansen; Thomas Jenkins; Anke Jentsch; Jens Rasmus Plantener Jespersen; Guo‐Feng Jiang; Jesper Liengaard Johansen; David Johnson; Eric J. Jokela; Carlos Alfredo Joly; Gregory J. Jordan; Grant Stuart Joseph; Decky Junaedi; Robert R. Junker; Eric Justes; Richard Kabzems; Jeffrey Kane; Zdenek Kaplan; Teja Kattenborn; Lyudmila Kavelenova; Elizabeth Kearsley; Anne Kempel; Tanaka Kenzo; Andrew Kerkhoff; Mohammed I. Khalil; Nicole L. Kinlock; Wilm Daniel Kissling; Kaoru Kitajima; Thomas Kitzberger; Rasmus Kjøller; Tamir Klein; Michael Kleyer; Jitka Klimešová; Joice Klipel; Brian Kloeppel; Stefan Klotz; Johannes M. H. Knops; Takashi Kohyama; Fumito Koike; Johannes Kollmann; Benjamin Komac; Kimberly Komatsu; Christian König; Nathan J. B. Kraft; Koen Kramer; Holger Kreft; Ingolf Kühn; Dushan Kumarathunge; Jonas Kuppler; Hiroko Kurokawa; Yoko Kurosawa; Shem Kuyah; Jean‐Paul Laclau; Benoit Lafleur; Erik Lallai; Eric Lamb; Andrea Lamprecht; Daniel J. Larkin; Daniel Laughlin; Yoann Le Bagousse‐Pinguet; Guerric Maire; Peter C. Roux; Elizabeth Roux; Tali Lee; Frederic Lens; Simon L. Lewis; Barbara Lhotsky; Yuanzhi Li; Xine Li; Jeremy W. Lichstein; Mario Liebergesell; Jun Ying Lim; Yan‐Shih Lin; Juan Carlos Linares; ChunJiang Liu; Daijun Liu; Udayangani Liu; Stuart Livingstone; Joan Llusià; Madelon Lohbeck; Álvaro López‐García; Gabriela Lopez‐Gonzalez; Zdeňka Lososová; Frédérique Louault; Balázs A. Lukács; Petr Lukeš; Yunjian Luo; Michele Lussu; Siyan Ma; Camilla Maciel Rabelo Pereira; Michelle Mack; Vincent Maire; Annikki Mäkelä; Harri Mäkinen; Ana Claudia Mendes Malhado; Azim Mallik; Peter Manning; Stefano Manzoni; Zuleica Marchetti; Luca Marchino; Vinicius Marcilio‐Silva; Eric Marcon; Michela Marignani; Lars Markesteijn; Adam Martin; Cristina Martínez‐Garza; Jordi Martínez‐Vilalta; Tereza Mašková; Kelly Mason; Norman Mason; Tara Joy Massad; Jacynthe Masse; Itay Mayrose; James McCarthy; M. Luke McCormack; Katherine McCulloh; Ian R. McFadden; Brian J. McGill; Mara Y. McPartland; Juliana S. Medeiros; Belinda Medlyn; Pierre Meerts; Zia Mehrabi; Patrick Meir; Felipe P. L. Melo; Maurizio Mencuccini; Céline Meredieu; Julie Messier; Ilona Mészáros; Juha Metsaranta; Sean T. Michaletz; Chrysanthi Michelaki; Svetlana Migalina; Ruben Milla; Jesse E. D. Miller; Vanessa Minden; Ray Ming; Karel Mokany; Angela T. Moles; Attila Molnár; Jane Molofsky; Martin Molz; Rebecca A. Montgomery; Arnaud Monty; Lenka Moravcová; Alvaro Moreno‐Martínez; Marco Moretti; Akira S. Mori; Shigeta Mori; Dave Morris; Jane Morrison; Ladislav Mucina; Sandra Mueller; Christopher D. Muir; Sandra Cristina Müller; François Munoz; Isla H. Myers‐Smith; Randall W. Myster; Masahiro Nagano; Shawna Naidu; Ayyappan Narayanan; Balachandran Natesan; Luka Negoita; Andrew S. Nelson; Eike Lena Neuschulz; Ênio Egon Sosinski Júnior; Georg Niedrist; Jhon Nieto; Ülo Niinemets; Rachael Nolan; Henning Nottebrock; Yann Nouvellon; Alexander Novakovskiy; Kristin Odden Nystuen; Anthony O'Grady; Kevin O'Hara; Andrew O'Reilly‐Nugent; Simon Oakley; Walter Oberhuber; Toshiyuki Ohtsuka; Ricardo Oliveira; Kinga Öllerer; Mark E. Olson; Vladimir Onipchenko; Yusuke Onoda; Renske E. Onstein; Jenny C. Ordonez; Noriyuki Osada; Ivika Ostonen; Gianluigi Ottaviani; Sarah Otto; Gerhard E. Overbeck; Wim A. Ozinga; Anna T. Pahl; C. E. Timothy Paine; Robin J. Pakeman; Aristotelis C. Papageorgiou; Evgeniya Parfionova; Meelis Pärtel; Marco Patacca; Susana Paula; Juraj Paule; Harald Pauli; Juli G. Pausas; Begoña Peco; Josep Penuelas; Antonio Perea; Pablo Luis Peri; Ana Carolina Petisco‐Souza; Alessandro Petraglia; Any Mary Petritan; Oliver L. Phillips; Simon Pierce; Valério D. Pillar; Jan Pisek; Alexandr Pomogaybin; Hendrik Poorter; Angelika Portsmuth; Peter Poschlod; Catherine Potvin; Devon Pounds; A. Shafer Powell; Sally A. Power; Andreas Prinzing; Giacomo Puglielli; Petr Pyšek; Valerie Raevel; Anja Rammig; Johannes Ransijn; Courtenay A. Ray; Peter B. Reich; Markus Reichstein; Douglas E. B. Reid; Maxime Réjou‐Méchain; Victor Resco Dios; Sabina Ribeiro; Sarah Richardson; Kersti Riibak; Matthias C. Rillig; Fiamma Riviera; Elisabeth M. R. Robert; Scott Roberts; Bjorn Robroek; Adam Roddy; Arthur Vinicius Rodrigues; Alistair Rogers; Emily Rollinson; Victor Rolo; Christine Römermann; Dina Ronzhina; Christiane Roscher; Julieta A. Rosell; Milena Fermina Rosenfield; Christian Rossi; David B. Roy; Samuel Royer‐Tardif; Nadja Rüger; Ricardo Ruiz‐Peinado; Sabine B. Rumpf; Graciela M. Rusch; Masahiro Ryo; Lawren Sack; Angela Saldaña; Beatriz Salgado‐Negret; Roberto Salguero‐Gomez; Ignacio Santa‐Regina; Ana Carolina Santacruz‐García; Joaquim Santos; Jordi Sardans; Brandon Schamp; Michael Scherer‐Lorenzen; Matthias Schleuning; Bernhard Schmid; Marco Schmidt; Sylvain Schmitt; Julio V. Schneider; Simon D. Schowanek; Julian Schrader; Franziska Schrodt; Bernhard Schuldt; Frank Schurr; Galia Selaya Garvizu; Marina Semchenko; Colleen Seymour; Julia C. Sfair; Joanne M. Sharpe; Christine S. Sheppard; Serge Sheremetiev; Satomi Shiodera; Bill Shipley; Tanvir Ahmed Shovon; Alrun Siebenkäs; Carlos Sierra; Vasco Silva; Mateus Silva; Tommaso Sitzia; Henrik Sjöman; Martijn Slot; Nicholas G. Smith; Darwin Sodhi; Pamela Soltis; Dougl. 2019. "TRY plant trait database – enhanced coverage and open access." Global Change Biology 26, no. 1: 119-188.
Control of invasive exotic species in restorations without compromising the native plant community is a challenge. Efficacy of exotic species control needs to consider collateral effects on the associated plant community. We asked (1) if short-term control of a dominant exotic invasive, Lespedeza cuneata in grassland restorations allows establishment of a more diverse native plant community, and (2) if control of the exotic and supplemental seed addition allows establishment of native species. A manipulative experiment tested the effects of herbicide treatments (five triclopyr and fluroxypyr formulations plus an untreated control) and seed addition (and unseeded control) on taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity, and community composition of restored grasslands in three sites over three years. We assessed response of L. cuneata through stem density counts, and response of the plant community through estimates of canopy cover. Herbicide treatments reduced the abundance of the exotic in the first field season leading to a less dispersed community composition compared with untreated controls, with the exotic regaining dominance by the third year. Supplemental seed addition did not provide extra resistance of the native community to reinvasion of the exotic. The communities were phylogenetically over-dispersed, but there was a short-term shift to lower phylogenetic diversity in response to herbicides consistent with a decrease in biotic filtering. Native plant communities in these grassland restorations were resilient to short-term reduction in abundance of a dominant invasive even though it was insufficient to provide an establishment window for native species establishment.
David J. Gibson; Lindsay A. Shupert; Xian Liu. Do No Harm: Efficacy of a Single Herbicide Application to Control an Invasive Shrub While Minimizing Collateral Damage to Native Species. Plants 2019, 8, 426 .
AMA StyleDavid J. Gibson, Lindsay A. Shupert, Xian Liu. Do No Harm: Efficacy of a Single Herbicide Application to Control an Invasive Shrub While Minimizing Collateral Damage to Native Species. Plants. 2019; 8 (10):426.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid J. Gibson; Lindsay A. Shupert; Xian Liu. 2019. "Do No Harm: Efficacy of a Single Herbicide Application to Control an Invasive Shrub While Minimizing Collateral Damage to Native Species." Plants 8, no. 10: 426.
Dominant species can act as a biotic filter in structuring plant communities by constraining the establishment and survival of subordinate species. The effect of intraspecific trait variability of dominant species on the functional response of subordinate species, however, is not well understood. We quantified intraspecific variation in four functional traits of 26 subordinate species in an experimental grassland established with two population sources (i.e. cultivars and local ecotypes) of three dominant grasses (Sorghastrum nutans, Andropogon gerardii and Schizachyrium scoparium) and three pools of subordinate species (each from one origin) within each of the dominant grass source treatments. Twenty of the 26 subordinate species exhibited intraspecific trait variability for one trait or more in response to dominant species population source, and variation among population sources of the dominant species was non‐random. Dominant grass population source affected intraspecific variability in functional traits of multiple subordinate species. Cultivar sources of the dominant grasses and some of the subordinate species that established with them had higher and generally more variable functional leaf area and leaf nitrogen content compared to local ecotypes of the dominant grasses and the subordinate species that established with them. Local ecotype sources of the dominant grasses increased leaf area based functional diversity of subordinate species. Synthesis. This study provides evidence that intraspecific trait variability in dominant species acts as a biotic filter to constrain niche availability and dimensionality affecting trait variation of subordinate species during community assembly.
Mohammed I. Khalil; David J. Gibson; Sara G. Baer. Functional response of subordinate species to intraspecific trait variability within dominant species. Journal of Ecology 2019, 107, 2040 -2053.
AMA StyleMohammed I. Khalil, David J. Gibson, Sara G. Baer. Functional response of subordinate species to intraspecific trait variability within dominant species. Journal of Ecology. 2019; 107 (5):2040-2053.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed I. Khalil; David J. Gibson; Sara G. Baer. 2019. "Functional response of subordinate species to intraspecific trait variability within dominant species." Journal of Ecology 107, no. 5: 2040-2053.
Amaranthus palmeri S. Watson (Palmer amaranth) is a fast-growing, dioecious, highly competitive agricultural weed species, which is spreading across the US Midwest. Population sex ratios are an important consideration in the management of A. palmeri populations as this species has become resistant to several herbicide sites of action, and there is need to minimize seed production by female plants. Environmental conditions, particularly stressors, may influence sex ratios, and herbicides act as major stressors and evolutionary filters in agricultural fields. Amaranthus spp. have shown a tendency for rapid evolution of herbicide resistance, with the frequency of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO)-inhibitor resistance increasing across the Midwestern US. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of two PPO-inhibiting herbicide treatments of either lactofen or fomesafen on four different Illinois populations (Cahokia, Collinsville, Rend Lake, and Massac). Plants raised from seed from the Massac population were tallest, and both males and females from this population also had the highest vegetative biomass. Female plants from the Collinsville population had more reproductive biomass than male plants. Control populations were male-biased (Cahokia, Collinsville), female-biased (Masaac), and 1:1 (Rend Lake). Lactofen shifted the male-biased populations to female-biased or 1:1 and the female-biased population to 1:1. Fomesafen-treated populations were male-biased or 1:1. This study suggests that PPO-inhibiting herbicide treatments may influence the growth and sex ratio of A. palmeri populations, which is an underlying factor in the rate of herbicide evolution in this species. An understanding of the underlying mechanisms of how external factors influence sex ratios may eventually provide an opportunity to reduce seed production in populations by shifting sex ratios towards a male bias.
Mafia M. Rumpa; Ronald F. Krausz; David J. Gibson; Karla L. Gage. Effect of PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides on the Growth and Sex Ratio of a Dioecious Weed Species Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer Amaranth). Agronomy 2019, 9, 275 .
AMA StyleMafia M. Rumpa, Ronald F. Krausz, David J. Gibson, Karla L. Gage. Effect of PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides on the Growth and Sex Ratio of a Dioecious Weed Species Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer Amaranth). Agronomy. 2019; 9 (6):275.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMafia M. Rumpa; Ronald F. Krausz; David J. Gibson; Karla L. Gage. 2019. "Effect of PPO-Inhibiting Herbicides on the Growth and Sex Ratio of a Dioecious Weed Species Amaranthus palmeri (Palmer Amaranth)." Agronomy 9, no. 6: 275.
Community assembly changes fundamentally in response to disturbance following habitat destruction due to extreme events and human activities. There are several important aspects of community assembly that can be measured in response to disturbance or during species establishment. Of these measurable outcomes, metrics of taxonomic or species diversity (SD) are perhaps the most common and logistically the easiest to evaluate. It is increasingly evident that measurements of phylogenetic (PD) and functional trait (FD) diversity can provide more information than traditional measures of diversity and desirable and informative metrics to measure restoration outcomes. However, it is unclear whether FD and PD are drivers or a consequence of community assembly. This Special Feature highlights eight field studies and a review that have investigated how PD diversity and functional trait diversity can be used to better understand grassland community assembly following disturbance or during restoration, and how as potential drivers they can be manipulated experimentally or incorporated into evolutionary models. Topics include: colonizing species as a function of FD and PD; dominant species origin impacts on subordinate species FD; impacts of environmental gradients such as seed mix richness, first‐year precipitation and restoration age on FD and taxonomic diversity; impacts of drought and resource availability; and a synthesis of studies that measured FD and PD to determine if they provide similar or incongruent inferences for ecological and functional processes. The work in this Special Feature indicates that SD, FD and PD can act as drivers and passengers of community assembly, and often yield different insights. Environmental gradients such as soil nutrients, precipitation and environmental drivers like drought can influence FD and PD of assembling communities in predicted and unexpected ways. Synthesis. Results from the studies in this Special Feature highlight the importance of considering a multitude of ecological and evolutionary drivers of community assembly in grassland ecosystems. Studies pushing this field forward will be those that incorporate or study higher trophic levels, realistically incorporate climate change and disentangle the impacts of FD and PD.
Holly P. Jones; Nicholas A. Barber; David J. Gibson. Is phylogenetic and functional trait diversity a driver or a consequence of grassland community assembly? Journal of Ecology 2019, 107, 2027 -2032.
AMA StyleHolly P. Jones, Nicholas A. Barber, David J. Gibson. Is phylogenetic and functional trait diversity a driver or a consequence of grassland community assembly? Journal of Ecology. 2019; 107 (5):2027-2032.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHolly P. Jones; Nicholas A. Barber; David J. Gibson. 2019. "Is phylogenetic and functional trait diversity a driver or a consequence of grassland community assembly?" Journal of Ecology 107, no. 5: 2027-2032.
As complex and dynamic systems, wetlands offer the opportunity to investigate and incorporate the ecological concept of succession in educational settings. For example, the well-known, classic hydrosere concept is illustrated in numerous ecology and life-science textbooks. In this chapter, the drawbacks of using the hydrosere successional concept are assessed, and two examples of using wetlands to illustrate the process of succession for educational purposes are described. In each case, the premise and approach is that students best “learn ecology by doing ecology.”
David J. Gibson; Beth A. Middleton. Succession in Ecological Education. The Wetland Book 2018, 47 -53.
AMA StyleDavid J. Gibson, Beth A. Middleton. Succession in Ecological Education. The Wetland Book. 2018; ():47-53.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid J. Gibson; Beth A. Middleton. 2018. "Succession in Ecological Education." The Wetland Book , no. : 47-53.
Ecologically important functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness may provide mechanistic insight into biotic filters influencing community assembly. To assess this, we examined the relationship between functional diversity (FD, functional trait relatedness) and phylogenetic diversity (PD, evolutionary relatedness) during grassland restoration. Temporal changes in FD and PD were used to examine the effect of two biotic filters during community assembly: intraspecific variation in dominant species (different population sources) and interspecific variation among subordinate species (phylogenetically distinct species pools). The experimental grassland restoration contained whole plots sown with either cultivars or local ecotypes of three dominant grasses (Sorghastrum nutans, Andropogon gerardii, and Schizachyrium scoparium). Each whole plot contained subplots sown with three phylogenetically distinct pools of subordinate species. Cover of all species was measured in permanent sampling areas for ten years, and 10 functional traits were measured for 88 species, allowing calculation of PD and FD, respectively. Overall, the communities establishing with local ecotypes of the dominant grasses were functionally more dissimilar than when established with cultivars, particularly among the Asteraceae, suggesting competitive exclusion of functionally dissimilar species by cultivars. This result was opposite to our prediction that cultivars through limiting similarity would exclude more similar species more so than would local ecotypes. The effect of the dominant grass population source was contingent upon interactions with species pools. A supplemental propagule addition of functionally dissimilar species four years since initial sowing increased FD, but this effect varied among species pools. A lack of relationship between FD and PD in this system indicated that measuring PD alone without inclusion of functional traits may miss additional factors affecting species coexistence. In addition, the variation in FD between population sources and among species pools indicated that the measured traits were more sensitive to these factors than to their phylogenetic relationships. This analysis of long‐term data from a field experiment showed new consequences of using different seed sources and species pools (as biotic filters), and supplemental seeding on PD and FD of restored grassland. Quantifying relevant functional traits in a phylogenetic framework could help identify plant population sources that enhance coexistence of desirable species.
Mohammed I. Khalil; David J. Gibson; Sara G. Baer; Jason E. Willand. Functional diversity is more sensitive to biotic filters than phylogenetic diversity during community assembly. Ecosphere 2018, 9, 1 .
AMA StyleMohammed I. Khalil, David J. Gibson, Sara G. Baer, Jason E. Willand. Functional diversity is more sensitive to biotic filters than phylogenetic diversity during community assembly. Ecosphere. 2018; 9 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammed I. Khalil; David J. Gibson; Sara G. Baer; Jason E. Willand. 2018. "Functional diversity is more sensitive to biotic filters than phylogenetic diversity during community assembly." Ecosphere 9, no. 3: 1.
Intraspecific competition is an important plant interaction that has been studied extensively aboveground, but less so belowground, due to the difficulties in accessing the root system experimentally. Recent in vivo and in situ automatic imaging advances help understand root system architecture. In this study, a portable imaging platform and a scalable transplant technique were applied to test intraspecific competition in Arabidopsis thaliana. A single green fluorescent protein labeled plant was placed in the center of a grid of different planting densities of neighboring unlabeled plants or empty spaces, into which different treatments were made to the media. The root system of the central plant showed changes in the vertical distribution with increasing neighbor density, becoming more positively kurtotic, and developing an increasing negative skew with time. Horizontal root distribution was initially asymmetric, but became more evenly circular with time, and mean direction was not affected by the presence of adjacent empty spaces as initially hypothesized. To date, this is the first study to analyze the patterns of both vertical and horizontal growth in conspecific root systems. We present a portable imaging platform with simplicity, accessibility, and scalability, to capture the dynamic interactions of plant root systems.
Jane Geisler-Lee; Xian Liu; Wei Rang; Jayanthan Raveendiran; Marisa Blake Szubryt; David John Gibson; Matt Geisler; Qiang Cheng. Image-Based Analysis to Dissect Vertical Distribution and Horizontal Asymmetry of Conspecific Root System Interactions in Response to Planting Densities, Nutrients and Root Exudates in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants 2017, 6, 46 .
AMA StyleJane Geisler-Lee, Xian Liu, Wei Rang, Jayanthan Raveendiran, Marisa Blake Szubryt, David John Gibson, Matt Geisler, Qiang Cheng. Image-Based Analysis to Dissect Vertical Distribution and Horizontal Asymmetry of Conspecific Root System Interactions in Response to Planting Densities, Nutrients and Root Exudates in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plants. 2017; 6 (4):46.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJane Geisler-Lee; Xian Liu; Wei Rang; Jayanthan Raveendiran; Marisa Blake Szubryt; David John Gibson; Matt Geisler; Qiang Cheng. 2017. "Image-Based Analysis to Dissect Vertical Distribution and Horizontal Asymmetry of Conspecific Root System Interactions in Response to Planting Densities, Nutrients and Root Exudates in Arabidopsis thaliana." Plants 6, no. 4: 46.
David J. Gibson; Bryan G. Young; Andrew Wood. Can weeds enhance profitability? Integrating ecological concepts to address crop‐weed competition and yield quality. Journal of Ecology 2017, 105, 900 -904.
AMA StyleDavid J. Gibson, Bryan G. Young, Andrew Wood. Can weeds enhance profitability? Integrating ecological concepts to address crop‐weed competition and yield quality. Journal of Ecology. 2017; 105 (4):900-904.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid J. Gibson; Bryan G. Young; Andrew Wood. 2017. "Can weeds enhance profitability? Integrating ecological concepts to address crop‐weed competition and yield quality." Journal of Ecology 105, no. 4: 900-904.
Richard D. Bardgett; David Gibson. Plant ecological solutions to global food security. Journal of Ecology 2017, 105, 859 -864.
AMA StyleRichard D. Bardgett, David Gibson. Plant ecological solutions to global food security. Journal of Ecology. 2017; 105 (4):859-864.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRichard D. Bardgett; David Gibson. 2017. "Plant ecological solutions to global food security." Journal of Ecology 105, no. 4: 859-864.
Sudden death syndrome (SDS) caused by Fusarium virguliforme is a widespread and economically important disease of soybean. SDS is typically distributed unevenly in patches across soybean fields. While certain spots in fields are highly conducive to the development of severe SDS, other areas appear to be naturally healthy or suppressive to the disease. The role of soil microbial communities and soil physical and chemical properties in SDS development was investigated in 45 soybean fields in Illinois, Iowa, and Minnesota. Soil samples were collected from symptomatic patches in fields and from adjacent areas where SDS foliar symptoms did not develop. Multiple edaphic factors were measured, and markers specific to bacteria, fungi, archaea, oomycete, and nematodes, coupled with Illumina MiSeq sequencing, were used to identify key taxa likely associated with SDS development. A total of 14,200,000 reads were mapped against the National Center for Biotechnology Information nucleotide database and taxonomically compared using Metagenome Analyzer (MEGAN5). Physical and chemical analysis of soil variables did not provide any correlation with the patchiness pattern of SDS. Significant differences in bacterial and fungal community structure between soils from healthy and diseased areas of fields were found. At least 20 taxa were associated with healthy soils, including members of Fusarium oxysporum sp. complex, Actinomycetales, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, Trichoderma spp., Pseudomonas, Metacordyceps, Penicillium, Purpureocillium, and Myceliophtora. In diseased soils, Fusarium solani spp., Phallus rugulosus, Stachybotrys, and Alpha- and Betaproteobacteria dominated. Our results suggest that the relative abundance of multiple microbial taxa in the soil plays a key determinant in the incidence of SDS.
Ali Y. Srour; David J. Gibson; Leonor F. S. Leandro; Dean K. Malvick; Jason P. Bond; Ahmad M. Fakhoury. Unraveling Microbial and Edaphic Factors Affecting the Development of Sudden Death Syndrome in Soybean. Phytobiomes Journal 2017, 1, 91 -101.
AMA StyleAli Y. Srour, David J. Gibson, Leonor F. S. Leandro, Dean K. Malvick, Jason P. Bond, Ahmad M. Fakhoury. Unraveling Microbial and Edaphic Factors Affecting the Development of Sudden Death Syndrome in Soybean. Phytobiomes Journal. 2017; 1 (2):91-101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAli Y. Srour; David J. Gibson; Leonor F. S. Leandro; Dean K. Malvick; Jason P. Bond; Ahmad M. Fakhoury. 2017. "Unraveling Microbial and Edaphic Factors Affecting the Development of Sudden Death Syndrome in Soybean." Phytobiomes Journal 1, no. 2: 91-101.
As complex and dynamic systems, wetlands offer the opportunity to investigate and incorporate the ecological concept of succession in educational settings. For example, the well-known, classic hydrosere concept is illustrated in numerous ecology and life-science textbooks. In this article, the drawbacks of using the hydrosere successional concept are assessed, and two examples of using wetlands to illustrate the process of succession for educational purposes are described. In each case, the premise and approach is that students best “learn ecology by doing ecology”.
David J. Gibson; Beth A. Middleton. Succession in Ecological Education. The Wetland Book 2016, 1 -7.
AMA StyleDavid J. Gibson, Beth A. Middleton. Succession in Ecological Education. The Wetland Book. 2016; ():1-7.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid J. Gibson; Beth A. Middleton. 2016. "Succession in Ecological Education." The Wetland Book , no. : 1-7.
Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) expressing a modified Escherichia coli gdhA gene encoding NADPH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) was resistant to the herbicide glufosinate. Differential plant sensitivity to glufosinate may result from changes in foliar absorption, translocation, plant metabolism, or metabolism around the blocked pathway(s). The objectives here were to determine if foliar absorption, translocation, or metabolism of glufosinate or metabolism around the blocked pathway(s) contribute to the resistance to glufosinate in gdhA-transformed tobacco and to characterize changes in the metabolic profile in response to glufosinate as a result of transformation with gdhA. Foliar uptake and translocation of glufosinate was largely independent of the gdhA transgene or its expression. Thus, gdhA does not confer resistance to the transformed plants by altering the uptake or movement of glufosinate within tobacco plants. Using direct-injection electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the metabolic profiles of the two tobacco genotypes were different in response to glufosinate treatment, as determined by principal component analysis. The metabolic perturbation induced by glufosinate was lower in gdhA line 9 than gusA line 1, as evidenced by the reduced number of altered peaks recorded in leaves. Thus, gdhA-transformed tobacco plants with low and high expression of GDH activity showed more stability of metabolism following the application of glufosinate than control plants. The predicted identity of ions suggested metabolic perturbations were lessened by gdhA in nitrogen assimilation, photorespiration, amino acid metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, and cell signaling. Thus, use of the modified E. coli gdhA gene in transgenic plants can provide an additional mechanism for resistance to glufosinate. Copyright © 2016. . Copyright © by the Crop Science Society of America, Inc.
Scott A. Nolte; Bryan G. Young; Luke T. Tolley; David J. Gibson; Julie M. Young; David A. Lightfoot. Glufosinate Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolic Fingerprint Effects in gdhA -Transformed Tobacco. Crop Science 2016, 57, 350 -364.
AMA StyleScott A. Nolte, Bryan G. Young, Luke T. Tolley, David J. Gibson, Julie M. Young, David A. Lightfoot. Glufosinate Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolic Fingerprint Effects in gdhA -Transformed Tobacco. Crop Science. 2016; 57 (1):350-364.
Chicago/Turabian StyleScott A. Nolte; Bryan G. Young; Luke T. Tolley; David J. Gibson; Julie M. Young; David A. Lightfoot. 2016. "Glufosinate Absorption, Translocation, and Metabolic Fingerprint Effects in gdhA -Transformed Tobacco." Crop Science 57, no. 1: 350-364.
Ecotypic variation in forage nutrient value of a dominant grassland species, Andropogon gerardii Vitman (big bluestem), was quantified across a longitudinal precipitation gradient of the US Great Plains. Ecotypic variation of A. gerardii has been documented across this gradient, but the extent to which forage nutrient value differs among ecotypes is poorly known. Seven indicators of forage nutrient value (neutral detergent fiber [NDF], acid detergent fiber [ADF], in-vitro dry matter digestibility [IVDMD], crude protein [CP], crude fat [CF], ash content) and relative feed value [RFV] were examined in 12 populations representing four ecotypes corresponding with distinct climate regions: eastern Colorado, central Kansas, eastern Kansas and southern Illinois. Vegetative material of A. gerardii was collected from each population in July 2010. A greenhouse study tested the effect of watering regime on seedlings of the ecotypes from three of the precipitation regions grown under controlled conditions. Forage nutrient value indicators nitrogen and CP increased, and ADF decreased east to west, while IVDMD decreased across the gradient corresponding with less annual precipitation. The greenhouse experiment showed that sampling before and after water treatment affected forage nutrient value measurements, with the exception of NDF and CF. Nutrient value was most related to soil moisture and phenology, with smaller differences among ecotypes. Nutrient value of populations from the southern Illinois ecotype changed the least in response to variation in soil moisture. The southern Illinois ecotype will likely maintain forge nutrient value under variable precipitation projected to occur with climate change better than the ecotypes from more westerly parts of the range of A. gerardii.
David J. Gibson; Juliette M. Donatelli; Amer AbuGhazaleh; Sara G. Baer; Loretta C. Johnson. Ecotypic variation in forage nutrient value of a dominant prairie grass across a precipitation gradient. Grassland Science 2016, 62, 233 -242.
AMA StyleDavid J. Gibson, Juliette M. Donatelli, Amer AbuGhazaleh, Sara G. Baer, Loretta C. Johnson. Ecotypic variation in forage nutrient value of a dominant prairie grass across a precipitation gradient. Grassland Science. 2016; 62 (4):233-242.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid J. Gibson; Juliette M. Donatelli; Amer AbuGhazaleh; Sara G. Baer; Loretta C. Johnson. 2016. "Ecotypic variation in forage nutrient value of a dominant prairie grass across a precipitation gradient." Grassland Science 62, no. 4: 233-242.