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Dr. Peter Schuhmann
University of North Carolina Wilmington

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0 Conservation Finance
0 Non-market valuation
0 choice experiments
0 ecosystem service valuation
0 willingness to pay

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Non-market valuation

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Research article
Published: 26 March 2021 in Education Economics
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Preferences and willingness-to-pay for attributes of law school graduates are examined using a choice experiment. Results suggest preferences for candidates who graduate near the top of their class or from top ranked schools and an aversion to candidates from lower ranked schools and those graduating in the bottom half of their class. Despite the potential for significant economic gains from attending a top ranked school and graduating in the top of the class, students should consider the tradeoffs that hiring firms are willing to make between candidate attributes. Higher class rank can moderate the salary premium associated with university prestige.

ACS Style

Karissa E. Smith; Peter W. Schuhmann; Fredrika J. Spencer. Law firms’ preferences and willingness to pay for attributes of law school graduates: results from a choice experiment. Education Economics 2021, 1 -19.

AMA Style

Karissa E. Smith, Peter W. Schuhmann, Fredrika J. Spencer. Law firms’ preferences and willingness to pay for attributes of law school graduates: results from a choice experiment. Education Economics. 2021; ():1-19.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karissa E. Smith; Peter W. Schuhmann; Fredrika J. Spencer. 2021. "Law firms’ preferences and willingness to pay for attributes of law school graduates: results from a choice experiment." Education Economics , no. : 1-19.

Journal article
Published: 17 June 2019 in Water
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Seawater quality is critical for island and coastal communities dependent on coastal tourism. Improper management of coastal development and inland watersheds can decrease seawater quality and adversely impact marine life, human health, and economic growth. Agricultural runoff and improper sewage management compromise nearshore water quality in many coastal regions and can impact visitation decisions of tourists who are drawn to these destinations. The purpose of this paper is to understand how tourists’ decisions to revisit Barbados might be affected by changes in coastal and marine quality. We use data collected from tourists to examine how tourists’ stated willingness to return is affected by scenarios involving changes in seawater quality, beach width and coral reef health. Results reveal that return decisions are sensitive to changes in all aspects of coastal and marine quality. A reduction in seawater quality discourages tourists’ intention to return more than other environmental factors. These results are of paramount interest to destination managers, marketers and policymakers who rely on repeat visitation data to develop marketing strategies and infer future direction. This research highlights the importance of prioritizing seawater quality management to protect the coastal tourism product, especially in small island developing states (SIDS) with a high reliance on tourism income.

ACS Style

Peter Schuhmann; Ryan Skeete; Richard Waite; Prosper Bangwayo-Skeete; James Casey; Hazel A. Oxenford; David A. Gill. Coastal and Marine Quality and Tourists’ Stated Intention to Return to Barbados. Water 2019, 11, 1265 .

AMA Style

Peter Schuhmann, Ryan Skeete, Richard Waite, Prosper Bangwayo-Skeete, James Casey, Hazel A. Oxenford, David A. Gill. Coastal and Marine Quality and Tourists’ Stated Intention to Return to Barbados. Water. 2019; 11 (6):1265.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter Schuhmann; Ryan Skeete; Richard Waite; Prosper Bangwayo-Skeete; James Casey; Hazel A. Oxenford; David A. Gill. 2019. "Coastal and Marine Quality and Tourists’ Stated Intention to Return to Barbados." Water 11, no. 6: 1265.

Journal article
Published: 25 October 2018 in Tourism Management
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Human development and dense populations along coastal zones impact the health of coastal and marine ecosystems, which is detrimental to the economic sustainability of tourism. Visitors to Barbados are primarily attracted to the country's coastal and marine resources, making the protection of the marine environment paramount. In developing countries with limited resources for environmental management, who pays the cost of conservation, and the amount, has been the subject of much debate. We apply parametric and non-parametric estimations to investigate the factors driving the willingness of tourists to pay a fee for coastal and marine conservation. The mean willingness to pay ranged from US$36 to US$52 per visit to Barbados. Based on general consensus, we suggest that such a fee if implemented should be paid into a dedicated conservation fund. Furthermore, consideration should be given to charging only non-Caribbean tourists given that regional visitors displayed discontent in paying such fees.

ACS Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; Ryan Skeete; Richard Waite; Troy Lorde; Prosper Bangwayo-Skeete; Hazel A. Oxenford; David Gill; Winston Moore; Fredrika Spencer. Visitors’ willingness to pay marine conservation fees in Barbados. Tourism Management 2018, 71, 315 -326.

AMA Style

Peter W. Schuhmann, Ryan Skeete, Richard Waite, Troy Lorde, Prosper Bangwayo-Skeete, Hazel A. Oxenford, David Gill, Winston Moore, Fredrika Spencer. Visitors’ willingness to pay marine conservation fees in Barbados. Tourism Management. 2018; 71 ():315-326.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; Ryan Skeete; Richard Waite; Troy Lorde; Prosper Bangwayo-Skeete; Hazel A. Oxenford; David Gill; Winston Moore; Fredrika Spencer. 2018. "Visitors’ willingness to pay marine conservation fees in Barbados." Tourism Management 71, no. : 315-326.

Chapter
Published: 08 June 2018 in MARE Publication Series
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A critical component of any fishery is its economic viability, and understanding the underlying socioeconomic factors that affect fishing activity and profitability allows for more informed management. Nevertheless, data on small-scale fisheries in the Caribbean are limited, potentially inhibiting informed and appropriately scaled policy implementation. In an attempt to better understand the economics of reef-associated fisheries across the Caribbean, interviews were conducted with over 182 commercial reef fishers in three types of communities (heavily dependent on reef fishing, on reef tourism and on both) in each of three contrasting countries (St. Kitts and Nevis, Honduras and Barbados). For each of the nine study sites, estimated annual net revenues from reef-associated fishing ranged from US PPP$0.03–0.95 million. Reef fishing was most profitable in St. Kitts and Nevis, where fishers have access to productive lobster and conch fishing grounds and an export market. In the Bay Islands (Honduras), most reef-related revenues were derived from snapper and grouper fisheries (for export), whereas in Barbados, where these high-value species (conch, lobster, snapper and grouper) are rare, revenues were comparably low. The reef fishery also represented an important social safety net across all communities, providing employment and a potentially critical source of protein to many low-income persons. These results demonstrate the current socioeconomic benefits of reef-associated fishing to coastal communities as well as the diversity of economic values among Caribbean sites. This site diversity highlights the need for fisheries policy and management to be guided by site-specific information rather than generalized assumptions about the industry.

ACS Style

David A. Gill; Hazel A. Oxenford; Peter W. Schuhmann. Values Associated with Reef-Related Fishing in the Caribbean: A Comparative Study of St. Kitts and Nevis, Honduras and Barbados. MARE Publication Series 2018, 295 -328.

AMA Style

David A. Gill, Hazel A. Oxenford, Peter W. Schuhmann. Values Associated with Reef-Related Fishing in the Caribbean: A Comparative Study of St. Kitts and Nevis, Honduras and Barbados. MARE Publication Series. 2018; ():295-328.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David A. Gill; Hazel A. Oxenford; Peter W. Schuhmann. 2018. "Values Associated with Reef-Related Fishing in the Caribbean: A Comparative Study of St. Kitts and Nevis, Honduras and Barbados." MARE Publication Series , no. : 295-328.

Journal article
Published: 23 November 2015 in Journal of Education for Business
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ACS Style

Robert T. Burrus; Adam T. Jones; Peter W. Schuhmann. Capitalism and crime in the classroom: An analysis of academic dishonesty and latent student attitudes. Journal of Education for Business 2015, 91, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Robert T. Burrus, Adam T. Jones, Peter W. Schuhmann. Capitalism and crime in the classroom: An analysis of academic dishonesty and latent student attitudes. Journal of Education for Business. 2015; 91 (1):1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert T. Burrus; Adam T. Jones; Peter W. Schuhmann. 2015. "Capitalism and crime in the classroom: An analysis of academic dishonesty and latent student attitudes." Journal of Education for Business 91, no. 1: 1-9.

Articles
Published: 03 June 2015 in Ethics & Behavior
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This article investigates the propensity for academic dishonesty by university students using the partitioning method of decision tree analysis. A set of prediction rules are presented, and conclusions are drawn. To provide context for the decision tree approach, the partition process is compared with results of more traditional probit regression models. Results of the decision tree analysis complement the probit models in terms of predictive accuracy and confirm results previously found in the literature. In particular, students’ moral character—whether they believe cheating is acceptable—is found to be the most important factor in determining the propensity for academic dishonesty.

ACS Style

Barry A. Wray; Adam T. Jones; Peter W. Schuhmann; Robert T. Burrus. Determining the Propensity for Academic Dishonesty Using Decision Tree Analysis. Ethics & Behavior 2015, 26, 470 -487.

AMA Style

Barry A. Wray, Adam T. Jones, Peter W. Schuhmann, Robert T. Burrus. Determining the Propensity for Academic Dishonesty Using Decision Tree Analysis. Ethics & Behavior. 2015; 26 (6):470-487.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Barry A. Wray; Adam T. Jones; Peter W. Schuhmann; Robert T. Burrus. 2015. "Determining the Propensity for Academic Dishonesty Using Decision Tree Analysis." Ethics & Behavior 26, no. 6: 470-487.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2013 in Journal of Environmental Management
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The use of natural resources and the services they provide often do not have an explicit price and are therefore undervalued in decision-making, leading to environmental degradation. To 'monetize' the benefits from these services requires the use of non-market valuation techniques. Using a stated preference survey of recreational divers in Barbados conducted between 2007 and 2009, the economic value of marine biodiversity to recreational SCUBA divers in Barbados was estimated. In addition to a variety of demographic variables, divers were asked about their level of experience, expenditures related to travel and diving, and encounters with fish and sea turtles. Divers then completed a choice experiment, selecting between alternative dives with varying characteristics including price, crowding, fish diversity, encounters with sea turtles, and coral cover. Results indicate that divers in Barbados have a clear appreciation of reef quality variables. Willingness to pay for good coral cover, fish diversity and presence of sea turtles is significantly higher than prices paid for dives. In general, divers valued reef attributes similarly, although their appreciation of low density of divers at a site and high coral cover varied with prior diving experience. The results of this study demonstrate the economic value generated in Barbados by the recreational SCUBA diving industry and highlight the potential for substantial additional economic contributions with improvements to the quality of a variety of reef attributes. These results could inform management decisions regarding reef use and sea turtle conservation, and could aid in the development of informed 'win-win' policies aimed at maximizing returns from diving while reducing negative impacts often associated with tourism activities.

ACS Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; James F. Casey; Julia A. Horrocks; Hazel A. Oxenford. Recreational SCUBA divers' willingness to pay for marine biodiversity in Barbados. Journal of Environmental Management 2013, 121, 29 -36.

AMA Style

Peter W. Schuhmann, James F. Casey, Julia A. Horrocks, Hazel A. Oxenford. Recreational SCUBA divers' willingness to pay for marine biodiversity in Barbados. Journal of Environmental Management. 2013; 121 ():29-36.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; James F. Casey; Julia A. Horrocks; Hazel A. Oxenford. 2013. "Recreational SCUBA divers' willingness to pay for marine biodiversity in Barbados." Journal of Environmental Management 121, no. : 29-36.

Journal article
Published: 05 December 2012 in Journal of Academic Ethics
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Erratum to: J Acad Ethics (2012)

ACS Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; Robert T. Burrus; Preston D. Barber; J. Edward Graham; M. Fara Elikai. Erratum to: Using the Scenario Method to Analyze Cheating Behaviors. Journal of Academic Ethics 2012, 11, 81 -81.

AMA Style

Peter W. Schuhmann, Robert T. Burrus, Preston D. Barber, J. Edward Graham, M. Fara Elikai. Erratum to: Using the Scenario Method to Analyze Cheating Behaviors. Journal of Academic Ethics. 2012; 11 (1):81-81.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; Robert T. Burrus; Preston D. Barber; J. Edward Graham; M. Fara Elikai. 2012. "Erratum to: Using the Scenario Method to Analyze Cheating Behaviors." Journal of Academic Ethics 11, no. 1: 81-81.

Journal article
Published: 08 November 2012 in Journal of Academic Ethics
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Using student self-reported cheating admissions and answers from a hypothetical cheating scenario, this paper analyzes the effects of individual and situational factors on potential cheating behavior. Results confirm several conclusions about student factors that are related to cheating. The probability of cheating is associated with younger students, lower GPAs, alcohol consumption, fraternity/sorority membership, and having cheated in high school. Student perceptions of the certainty and severity of punishment appear to have a negative and significant impact on the probability of cheating on in-class assignments. Students who report a belief that cheating is never acceptable appear to be significantly less likely to cheat in any circumstance. This study illustrates the context-dependent nature of academic dishonesty, and the associated difficulty in understanding the relationships between measurable factors and cheating behavior.

ACS Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; Robert T. Burrus; Preston D. Barber; J. Edward Graham; M. Fara Elikai. Using the Scenario Method to Analyze Cheating Behaviors. Journal of Academic Ethics 2012, 11, 17 -33.

AMA Style

Peter W. Schuhmann, Robert T. Burrus, Preston D. Barber, J. Edward Graham, M. Fara Elikai. Using the Scenario Method to Analyze Cheating Behaviors. Journal of Academic Ethics. 2012; 11 (1):17-33.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; Robert T. Burrus; Preston D. Barber; J. Edward Graham; M. Fara Elikai. 2012. "Using the Scenario Method to Analyze Cheating Behaviors." Journal of Academic Ethics 11, no. 1: 17-33.

Journal article
Published: 22 October 2012 in Études caribéennes
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The quality of the natural environment is inexorably linked to tourism in the Caribbean. Tourists are attracted to the beauty of the Caribbean coastal and marine environment, generating significant economic activity and employment. The resulting development and concentration of human activities in the coastal zone may have deleterious effects on environmental quality and tourists’ willingness to return. Using a survey administered to over 2,000 tourists in Barbados, this work examines tourist perceptions of beach quality and encounters with beach litter. The relationship between the quality of the coastal environment and the probability of return visitation is empirically investigated. Results demonstrate a clear link between viewing beach litter and the perceived quality of beaches and that tourists who stayed beachfront or in large hotels encountered significantly less beach litter and had higher ratings of beach quality. The amount of litter viewed and stated perceptions of beach quality are significantly associated with the probability of return visitation, especially for first-time visitors. Results of this study suggest that targeted beach clean-up efforts may enhance the probability of return visitation and create significant economic value.

ACS Style

Peter W. Schuhmann. Tourist Perceptions of Beach Cleanliness in Barbados: Implications for Return Visitation. Études caribéennes 2012, 1 .

AMA Style

Peter W. Schuhmann. Tourist Perceptions of Beach Cleanliness in Barbados: Implications for Return Visitation. Études caribéennes. 2012; (19):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter W. Schuhmann. 2012. "Tourist Perceptions of Beach Cleanliness in Barbados: Implications for Return Visitation." Études caribéennes , no. 19: 1.

Journal article
Published: 05 April 2012 in Climatic Change
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Climate change could have major implications for the global tourism industry if changing environmental conditions alter the attractiveness of holiday destinations. Countries with economies dependent on tourism and with tourism industries reliant on vulnerable natural resources are likely to be particularly at risk. We investigate the implications that climate-induced variations in Atlantic hurricane activity may have for the tourism-dependent Caribbean island of Anguilla. Three hundred tourists completed standardised questionnaires and participated in a choice experiment to determine the influence hurricane risk has on their risk perceptions and decisions regarding holiday preferences. The hurricane season had been considered by 40 % of respondents when making their holiday choice, and the beaches, climate and tranquility of the island were more important than coral reef-based recreational activities in determining holiday destination choice. Choice models demonstrated that respondents were significantly less likely to choose holiday options where hurricane risk is perceived to increase, and significantly more likely to choose options that offered financial compensation for increased risk. However, these choices and decisions varied among demographic groups, with older visitors, Americans, and people who prioritize beach-based activities tending to be most concerned about hurricanes. These groups comprise a significant component of the island’s current clientele, suggesting that perceived increases in hurricane risk may have important implications for the tourism economy of Anguilla and similar destinations. Improved protection of key environmental features (e.g. beaches) may be necessary to enhance resilience to potential future climate impacts.

ACS Style

Johanna Forster; Peter W. Schuhmann; Iain R. Lake; Andrew R. Watkinson; Jennifer A. Gill. The influence of hurricane risk on tourist destination choice in the Caribbean. Climatic Change 2012, 114, 745 -768.

AMA Style

Johanna Forster, Peter W. Schuhmann, Iain R. Lake, Andrew R. Watkinson, Jennifer A. Gill. The influence of hurricane risk on tourist destination choice in the Caribbean. Climatic Change. 2012; 114 (3):745-768.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Johanna Forster; Peter W. Schuhmann; Iain R. Lake; Andrew R. Watkinson; Jennifer A. Gill. 2012. "The influence of hurricane risk on tourist destination choice in the Caribbean." Climatic Change 114, no. 3: 745-768.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2007 in The Journal of Economic Education
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The authors examine student cheating based on implicit and explicit definitions of cheating. Prior to being provided a definition of cheating, students reported whether they had cheated. Students were then provided a definition of cheating and asked to rereport their cheating behaviors. Results indicate that students do not understand what constitutes cheating and are much more likely to report cheating postdefinition. In addition, both pre- and postdefinition cheating behaviors are more prevalent for students with lower GPAs and for those who perceive more cheating by student peers. Alcohol consumption, seeing another student cheat, fraternity/sorority membership, and athletic membership also increase the likelihood of cheating. These findings are consistent with previous studies. On the basis of a sample of students who provided cheating data after a definition of cheating is communicated, the authors find that students who believe that punishment for cheating is relatively severe are less likely to report cheating and that students at institutions with well-publicized honor codes are less likely to admit to cheating compared with students at nonhonor code institutions.

ACS Style

Robert T. Burrus; Kimmarie McGoldrick; Peter W. Schuhmann. Self-Reports of Student Cheating: Does a Definition of Cheating Matter? The Journal of Economic Education 2007, 38, 3 -16.

AMA Style

Robert T. Burrus, Kimmarie McGoldrick, Peter W. Schuhmann. Self-Reports of Student Cheating: Does a Definition of Cheating Matter? The Journal of Economic Education. 2007; 38 (1):3-16.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Robert T. Burrus; Kimmarie McGoldrick; Peter W. Schuhmann. 2007. "Self-Reports of Student Cheating: Does a Definition of Cheating Matter?" The Journal of Economic Education 38, no. 1: 3-16.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2005 in The American Economist
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The importance of quantitative skills in learning economics cannot be overstated. Many previous studies have attempted to measure the degree to which such skills impact performance in economics classes. Typically these studies have relied on a proxy for measuring quantitative skills, such as the number and type of math courses a student has completed. Yet it is the proficiency in math rather than the exposure to it that is expected to impact the learning of economics and performance in economics courses. In this paper we use a pre and post course math quiz to address two major research questions. First, we examine the degree to which students who have greater math aptitude also have a better grasp of basic economics concepts prior to taking a principles of economics course. Second, we explore the degree to which this math aptitude is correlated with higher economic learning. Our results indicate that (prior to taking a principles of economics course) students do not fare well on simple quantitative questions and hence do not possess an adequate working knowledge of the “language” we often speak during our economics courses. Our analysis shows, however, that quantitative literacy is a very important determinant of economic literacy in both the pre and post course surveys. More specifically, we have shown that having skills such as being able to solve a system of equations and compute a percentage, and being able to interpret increases and decreases on a graph will lead to higher economic knowledge at the end of the semester.

ACS Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; Kimmarie McGoldrick; Robert T. Burrus. Student Quantitative Literacy: Importance, Measurement, and Correlation with Economic Literacy. The American Economist 2005, 49, 49 -65.

AMA Style

Peter W. Schuhmann, Kimmarie McGoldrick, Robert T. Burrus. Student Quantitative Literacy: Importance, Measurement, and Correlation with Economic Literacy. The American Economist. 2005; 49 (1):49-65.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Peter W. Schuhmann; Kimmarie McGoldrick; Robert T. Burrus. 2005. "Student Quantitative Literacy: Importance, Measurement, and Correlation with Economic Literacy." The American Economist 49, no. 1: 49-65.