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2007 – 2011 PhD. Ruminant nutrition, The University of Nottingham. 2005 – 2007 MSc. Ruminant nutrition, McGill University. 2000 – 2005 BSc. Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE 2016 – 2018 Associate Professor, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile 2011 – 2016 Assistant Professor, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile CURRENT EMPLOYMENT 2018 – present Assistant Professor, University of Copenhagen For the past 10 years, I have gained strong skills on ruminant nutrition and physiology, acquired experience on managing large sets of data, and transform them into scientific publications. The knowledge obtained through these years have gave me tools to understand adaptive responses of ruminants in a nutritional challenging environment and/or nutritional interventions that may help to work in the field of production animal physiology, with special responsibility for nutrition and metabolism related to lactation and lipogenesis. Taken together, my research line is in the interface between ruminant nutrition and product quality.
Supplementing exogenous enzymes in pig diets is an alternative solution to increase dietary energy and fibre digestibility to improve pig production performance at a low production cost and to reduce environmental impact with lower N and P excretions. The production stage, diet composition, enzyme source, amount and number of enzymes added, are factors to consider before using them. A database composed by 227 individual diets, resulting from 43 studies with 48 experimental records were divided in different production stages, with 19 records for weaning, 17 records for growing and 12 records for finishing. A descriptive statistical analysis of the chemical composition of the diets and enzyme doses was carried out. The data with normal distribution were analyzed calculating the mean, the minimum and maximum length, the standard deviation and the coefficient of variation. It was found that combined enzymes are the most widely reported enzyme combination in the supplementation of pigs at all stages of production. Phytases and Mannanases are commonly used at weaning and growing stages. Xylanases and Proteases have been reported to be used in all production stages. However, the highest yielding enzymes at weaning, growing and finishing stages were Phytases and Mannanases. Dietary supplementation of exogenous enzymes improves production characteristics at all stages of production. However, an improvement in growth performance and nutrient digestibility is not always observed. Future studies should focus on the interaction between production stages, composition of the diet, origin of the enzyme and the amount and number of enzymes added.
Edgar Aranda-Aguirre; Lizbeth E Robles-Jimenez; Jorge Osorio-Avalos; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; M Gonzalez-Ronquillo. A systematic-review on the role of exogenous enzymes on the productive performance at weaning, growing and finishing in pigs. Veterinary and Animal Science 2021, 100195 .
AMA StyleEdgar Aranda-Aguirre, Lizbeth E Robles-Jimenez, Jorge Osorio-Avalos, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, M Gonzalez-Ronquillo. A systematic-review on the role of exogenous enzymes on the productive performance at weaning, growing and finishing in pigs. Veterinary and Animal Science. 2021; ():100195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEdgar Aranda-Aguirre; Lizbeth E Robles-Jimenez; Jorge Osorio-Avalos; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; M Gonzalez-Ronquillo. 2021. "A systematic-review on the role of exogenous enzymes on the productive performance at weaning, growing and finishing in pigs." Veterinary and Animal Science , no. : 100195.
The objectives of this study were to evaluate the alleviating effects of the isoquinoline alkaloid berberine (BBR) on the energy balance (EB), glucose and insulin metabolism, and liver functionality in transition dairy goats, as reflected by blood metabolites and enzymes. Twenty-four primiparous Saanen goats were randomly allocated to four groups. Goats in each group received, ad libitum, the same basal diet during the pre- and post-partum periods of evaluation. Goats received daily0, 1, 2, or 4 g BBR (coded as CON, BBR1, BBR2, and BBR4, respectively). Dry matter intake (DMI) and milk yield were recorded daily. Blood samples were collected on days −21, −14, −7, 0, 7, 14, and 21 relative to kidding, and individual body condition scores (BCSs) were also recorded. Supplementation with either BBR2 or BBR4 increased (p< 0.05) pre- and post-partum DMI, increasing (p< 0.05) the intakes of net energy for lactating and metabolizable proteins. BBR2 and BBR4 increased (p< 0.05) post-partum milk production as well as fat-corrected milk (FCM), energy-corrected milk (ECM), and feed efficiency, indicating the alleviating effect of BBR on the negative energy balance (NEB) in transition goats. The daily ingestion of either 2 or 4 g BBR reduced (p< 0.05) plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and increased (p< 0.05) the dynamic change in the liver activity index (LAI) and liver functionality index (LFI), implying its hepatoprotective effect on transition goats. Overall, the results suggest that BBR supplementation of at least 2 g/d may help to ameliorate insulin resistance (IR) and fat metabolism disorders initiated by the NEB in transition dairy goats.
Navid Ghavipanje; Mohammad Fathi Nasri; Seyyed Farhangfar; Seyyed Ghiasi; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Goats: Energy Balance, Liver Activity, and Insulin Resistance in Response to Berberine Supplementation. Animals 2021, 11, 2236 .
AMA StyleNavid Ghavipanje, Mohammad Fathi Nasri, Seyyed Farhangfar, Seyyed Ghiasi, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Goats: Energy Balance, Liver Activity, and Insulin Resistance in Response to Berberine Supplementation. Animals. 2021; 11 (8):2236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNavid Ghavipanje; Mohammad Fathi Nasri; Seyyed Farhangfar; Seyyed Ghiasi; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Regulation of Nutritional Metabolism in Transition Dairy Goats: Energy Balance, Liver Activity, and Insulin Resistance in Response to Berberine Supplementation." Animals 11, no. 8: 2236.
Juan P. Keim; José R. Rodriguez; Oscar A. Balocchi; Rubén G. Pulido; Pilar Sepúlveda-Varas; David Pacheco; Robert Berthiaume; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Effect of dietary inclusion of winter brassica crops on milk production, feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and plasma fatty acid profile in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleJuan P. Keim, José R. Rodriguez, Oscar A. Balocchi, Rubén G. Pulido, Pilar Sepúlveda-Varas, David Pacheco, Robert Berthiaume, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Effect of dietary inclusion of winter brassica crops on milk production, feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and plasma fatty acid profile in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJuan P. Keim; José R. Rodriguez; Oscar A. Balocchi; Rubén G. Pulido; Pilar Sepúlveda-Varas; David Pacheco; Robert Berthiaume; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Effect of dietary inclusion of winter brassica crops on milk production, feeding behavior, rumen fermentation, and plasma fatty acid profile in dairy cows." Journal of Dairy Science , no. : 1.
Angélica A. Ochoa-Flores; Josafat A. Hernández-Becerra; José Rodolfo Velázquez-Martínez; José Manuel Piña-Gutiérrez; Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano; Paula Toro-Mujica; Alfonso J. Chay-Canul; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Chemical and fatty acid composition of Manchego type and Panela cheeses manufactured from either hair sheep milk or cow milk. Journal of Dairy Science 2021, 104, 7457 -7465.
AMA StyleAngélica A. Ochoa-Flores, Josafat A. Hernández-Becerra, José Rodolfo Velázquez-Martínez, José Manuel Piña-Gutiérrez, Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano, Paula Toro-Mujica, Alfonso J. Chay-Canul, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Chemical and fatty acid composition of Manchego type and Panela cheeses manufactured from either hair sheep milk or cow milk. Journal of Dairy Science. 2021; 104 (7):7457-7465.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngélica A. Ochoa-Flores; Josafat A. Hernández-Becerra; José Rodolfo Velázquez-Martínez; José Manuel Piña-Gutiérrez; Lorenzo E. Hernández-Castellano; Paula Toro-Mujica; Alfonso J. Chay-Canul; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Chemical and fatty acid composition of Manchego type and Panela cheeses manufactured from either hair sheep milk or cow milk." Journal of Dairy Science 104, no. 7: 7457-7465.
The objectives of this study were to determine differences in knowledge and perception of animal welfare (with emphasis on dairy cattle) among undergraduate students from two universities with different missions and visions and between students from different faculties. One thousand surveys were obtained from Universidad de Chile (UChile; n = 500) and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC; n = 500) students. The students from both universities were from the following faculties: Agronomy, Architecture, Biology, Economic Sciences, Psychology, Law, Philosophy, Basic Education, Civil Engineering and Medicine. The majority (77%) of students from both universities were aware of animal welfare. Most (56%) students understand animal welfare as the ‘mental and physical state of animals’. Regardless of their faculty, around 97% of the total respondents perceived animal welfare as important for production systems. Regarding specific knowledge about cows’ welfare related to milk management and behavior, students from Economic Sciences, Psychology, Law, Philosophy, Basic Education, and Civil Engineering had less (p< 0.001) self-reported knowledge about cows’ basic behavior and specific management practices such as milking and were more negative in their perceptions of dairy production. Overall, results showed that the students’ faculty explained most of the differences among undergraduate students in relation to their perceptions and knowledge about animal welfare. Our data is important, as undergraduate students will make purchasing and power decisions as well as having potential influence on future policies that could modify the animal production industry.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Consuelo Obermöller-Bustamante; Ilona Faber; Tamara Tadich; Paula Toro-Mujica. Knowledge and Perception on Animal Welfare in Chilean Undergraduate Students with Emphasis on Dairy Cattle. Animals 2021, 11, 1921 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Consuelo Obermöller-Bustamante, Ilona Faber, Tamara Tadich, Paula Toro-Mujica. Knowledge and Perception on Animal Welfare in Chilean Undergraduate Students with Emphasis on Dairy Cattle. Animals. 2021; 11 (7):1921.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Consuelo Obermöller-Bustamante; Ilona Faber; Tamara Tadich; Paula Toro-Mujica. 2021. "Knowledge and Perception on Animal Welfare in Chilean Undergraduate Students with Emphasis on Dairy Cattle." Animals 11, no. 7: 1921.
Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at 10.5281/zenodo.4930884, Table S1. Association between self-reported knowledge and total knoweldge scores of animal welfare of students from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) and Universidad de Chile (UChile). Table S2. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward animal welfare stratified by age groups. Table S3. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward dairy cows welfare stratified by age groups. Table S4. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward animal welfare stratified by gender. Table S5. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward dairy cows welfare stratified by gender. Table S6. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward animal welfare stratified by grade. Table S7. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward dairy cows welfare stratified by grade. Full survey.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Supplementary material - knowledge and perception on animal welfare. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Supplementary material - knowledge and perception on animal welfare. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Supplementary material - knowledge and perception on animal welfare." , no. : 1.
Supplementary Materials: The following are available online at 10.5281/zenodo.4930884, Table S1. Association between self-reported knowledge and total knoweldge scores of animal welfare of students from Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (PUC) and Universidad de Chile (UChile). Table S2. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward animal welfare stratified by age groups. Table S3. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward dairy cows welfare stratified by age groups. Table S4. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward animal welfare stratified by gender. Table S5. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward dairy cows welfare stratified by gender. Table S6. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward animal welfare stratified by grade. Table S7. Chilean university students´ perceptions toward dairy cows welfare stratified by grade. Full survey.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Supplementary material - knowledge and perception on animal welfare. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Supplementary material - knowledge and perception on animal welfare. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Supplementary material - knowledge and perception on animal welfare." , no. : 1.
Dietary lipids increase energy density in dairy cow diets and in some cases can increase beneficial fatty acids (FA) in milk and dairy products. However, the degree of FA saturation may affect the rumen microbiome. The objective of this study was to determine the long-term effects of feeding saturated (hydrogenated vegetable oil; HVO) or unsaturated (olive oil; OO) fatty acid (FA) sources on the rumen microbiome of dairy cows. For 63 days, 15 mid-lactating cows were fed with either a basal diet (no fat supplement), or the basal diet supplemented with 3% dry matter (DM), either HVO or OO. Rumen contents were collected on days 21, 42 and 63 for 16S rRNA gene sequencing using the Illumina MiSeq platform. The results reveal dominance of the phyla Firmicutes (71.5%) and Bacteroidetes (26.2%), and their respective prevalent genera Succiniclasticum (19.4%) and Prevotella (16.6%). Succiniclasticum increased with both treatments at all time points. Prevotella was reduced on day 42 in both diets. Bacterial diversity alpha or beta were not affected by diets. Predicted bacterial functions by CowPI showed changes in energy and protein metabolism. Overall, 3% DM of lipid supplementation over 63 days can be used in dairy cow diets without major impacts on global bacterial community structure.
Nathaly Cancino-Padilla; Natalia Catalán; Karen Siu-Ting; Christopher Creevey; Sharon Huws; Jaime Romero; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on the Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows. Microorganisms 2021, 9, 1121 .
AMA StyleNathaly Cancino-Padilla, Natalia Catalán, Karen Siu-Ting, Christopher Creevey, Sharon Huws, Jaime Romero, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Long-Term Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on the Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows. Microorganisms. 2021; 9 (6):1121.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNathaly Cancino-Padilla; Natalia Catalán; Karen Siu-Ting; Christopher Creevey; Sharon Huws; Jaime Romero; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Long-Term Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Olive Oil and Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil on the Rumen Microbiome of Dairy Cows." Microorganisms 9, no. 6: 1121.
Angélica A Ochoa-Flores; Josafat A Hernández-Becerra; José Rodolfo Velázquez-Martínez; José Manuel Piña-Gutiérrez; Lorenzo E Hernández-Castellano; Paula Toro-Mujica; Alfonso J Chay-Canul; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Chemical and fatty acid composition of Manchego type and Panela cheeses manufactured from either hair sheep milk or cow milk. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleAngélica A Ochoa-Flores, Josafat A Hernández-Becerra, José Rodolfo Velázquez-Martínez, José Manuel Piña-Gutiérrez, Lorenzo E Hernández-Castellano, Paula Toro-Mujica, Alfonso J Chay-Canul, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Chemical and fatty acid composition of Manchego type and Panela cheeses manufactured from either hair sheep milk or cow milk. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAngélica A Ochoa-Flores; Josafat A Hernández-Becerra; José Rodolfo Velázquez-Martínez; José Manuel Piña-Gutiérrez; Lorenzo E Hernández-Castellano; Paula Toro-Mujica; Alfonso J Chay-Canul; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Chemical and fatty acid composition of Manchego type and Panela cheeses manufactured from either hair sheep milk or cow milk." , no. : 1.
The objective of this study was to evaluate short-term variations of trans fatty acids (TFA) in plasma lipoproteins and ruminal fermentation parameters of non-lactating cows subjected to ruminal pulses of vegetable oils. Three non-lactating, non-pregnant Holstein cows, each with a ruminal cannula, were arranged in a 3 × 3 Latin square design with three-day pulsing periods and four-day washout intervals between treatments. Cows were treated with single ruminal pulses of: (1) control (skimmed milk (SM); 500 mL); (2) soybean oil (SO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM) and (3) partially-hydrogenated vegetable oil (PHVO; 250 g/d in 500 mL of SM). Time changes after infusion in TFA contents were only observed for plasma C18:1 trans-4, trans-5 and trans-12, and high-density lipoprotein fraction C18:1 trans-9. After ruminal pulses, concentration of acetate decreased linearly; molar concentrations of propionate and valerate increased linearly; molar concentrations of butyrate and isovalerate changed quadratically and were greater at 1 h than at other times. There was an accumulation of several C18:1 TFA in plasma and lipoproteins, especially on the third day of pulsing. Overall, naturally occurring C18:1 TFA isomers (produced during ruminal biohydrogenation of SO) and preformed TFA (supplied by PHVO) elicited differential TFA partitioning and transport in plasma and lipoproteins.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Juan Loor; Philip Garnsworthy. Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils. Animals 2021, 11, 788 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Juan Loor, Philip Garnsworthy. Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils. Animals. 2021; 11 (3):788.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Juan Loor; Philip Garnsworthy. 2021. "Short-Term Variations of C18:1 Trans Fatty Acids in Plasma Lipoproteins and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters of Non-Lactating Cows Subjected to Ruminal Pulses of Oils." Animals 11, no. 3: 788.
A meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of different dietary vegetable sources rich in unsaturated FA (UFA) on sheep cheese FA profile. This study also quantified the overall effect of feeding sheep with vegetable sources rich in UFA (linseed, flaxseed, sunflower seed, canola, olive oil, bran oil, and olive cake), on milk yield (MY) and milk composition. A literature search was conducted to identify papers published from 2000 to 2019. Effect size for all parameters was calculated as standardized mean difference. Heterogeneity was determined using I 2 statistic, while meta-regression was used to examine factors influencing heterogeneity. Effect size was not significant for MY, milk fat percentage (MFP), and milk protein percentage (MPP). Dietary inclusion of vegetable sources rich in UFA decreased the effect size for C12:0, C14:0, and C16:0 and increased the effect size for C18:0, C18:1 t-11, C18:1 c-9, C18:2 c-9, t-11, C18:2 n-6, and C18:3 n-3. Heterogeneity was significant for MY, MFP, MPP, and overall cheese FA profile. Meta-regression revealed days in milk as a contributing factor to the heterogeneity observed in MFP and MPP. Meta-regression showed that ripening time is one of the factors affecting cheese FA profile heterogeneity while the type of feeding system(preserved roughages vs. pasture) had no effect on heterogeneity. Overall, inclusion of dietary vegetable sources rich in UFA in sheep diets would be an effective nutritional strategy to decrease saturated FA and increase polyunsaturated FA contents in cheeses without detrimental effects on MY, MFF, and MPP.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Babak Darabighane; Florencia E. Miccoli; Pilar Gómez-Cortés; Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo; Marcello Mele. Effect of Dietary Vegetable Sources Rich in Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Milk Production, Composition, and Cheese Fatty Acid Profile in Sheep: A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2021, 8, 1 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Babak Darabighane, Florencia E. Miccoli, Pilar Gómez-Cortés, Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo, Marcello Mele. Effect of Dietary Vegetable Sources Rich in Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Milk Production, Composition, and Cheese Fatty Acid Profile in Sheep: A Meta-Analysis. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021; 8 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Babak Darabighane; Florencia E. Miccoli; Pilar Gómez-Cortés; Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo; Marcello Mele. 2021. "Effect of Dietary Vegetable Sources Rich in Unsaturated Fatty Acids on Milk Production, Composition, and Cheese Fatty Acid Profile in Sheep: A Meta-Analysis." Frontiers in Veterinary Science 8, no. : 1.
Brassica crops such as kale and swede can be supplied to cow diets during winter, however little is known about the effects of feeding those forage brassicas to lactating cows on cheese nutritional characteristics of milk and cheese. This study evaluated the effect of including kale or swede in pasture-fed lactating dairy cow diets on chemical composition, fatty acid (FA) profile, and sensory characteristics of Chanco-style cheese. Twelve early-lactation cows were used in a replicated (n = 4) 3 × 3 square Latin square design. The control diet consisted of (DM basis) 10.0 kg of grass silage, 4.0 kg of fresh grass pasture, 1.5 kg soybean meal, 1.0 kg of canola meal, and 4.0 kg of cereal-based concentrate. The other treatments replaced 25% of the diet with swede or kale. Milk yield, milkfat, and milk protein were similar between treatments as were cheese moisture, fat, and protein. Swede and kale increased total saturated cheese FA while thrombogenic index was greater in swede, but color homogeneity and salty flavor were greater while ripe cheese aroma less than for kale. Kale or swede can be used in the diet of pasture-fed lactating dairy cows without negative effects on milk production, milk composition, or cheese composition. However, kale and swede increased total cheese saturated FA.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez; José Ramón Rodríguez; Christian Alvarado-Gillis; Juan P. Keim. Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Characteristics of Chanco-Style Cheese from Early Lactation Dairy Cows Fed Winter Brassica Crops. Animals 2021, 11, 107 .
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza, Rodrigo A. Ibáñez, José Ramón Rodríguez, Christian Alvarado-Gillis, Juan P. Keim. Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Characteristics of Chanco-Style Cheese from Early Lactation Dairy Cows Fed Winter Brassica Crops. Animals. 2021; 11 (1):107.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Carolina Geldsetzer-Mendoza; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez; José Ramón Rodríguez; Christian Alvarado-Gillis; Juan P. Keim. 2021. "Chemical Composition, Fatty Acid Profile and Sensory Characteristics of Chanco-Style Cheese from Early Lactation Dairy Cows Fed Winter Brassica Crops." Animals 11, no. 1: 107.
The objective of the present study was to determine the dietary effect of different growth stages of rapeseed (Brassica rapa L.) on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, and rumen fermentation kinetics in sheep. Four dietary treatments were utilised. A basal control diet based on alfalfa hay, oat hay, soybean meal and corn grain. Then alfalfa hay was replaced with 300 g/kg DM of rapeseed forage harvested at three different growth stages: Vegetative, Flowering and Pod. In vitro gas production was determined using three rumen cannulated Suffolk sheep in a completely randomised design, and nutrients intake and digestibility of each diet were determined using four Suffolk sheep in a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21 d periods consisting of 14 d for diet adaptation and 7 d for sample collection. Feed intake and excretion of faeces and urine were recorded. Dry matter intake was higher for control and Pod compared to Vegetative and Flowering. The digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre were similar among treatments. Nitrogen intake was higher for control and Pod and lower for Vegetative and Flowering. In vitro gas production was similar among treatments (P > .05). In vitro gas yield at 24 h was higher (P < .05) for control than the rest of the treatments. Overall, inclusion of 300 g/kg DM of rapeseed forage harvested at pod stage as a substitute for alfalfa hay is an alternative source of protein without affecting nutrient intake and digestibility.
Lizbeth E. Robles Jimenez; Amelia Zetina Sánchez; Octavio Alonso Castelán Ortega; Jorge Osorio Avalos; Julieta Gertrudis Estrada Flores; Manuel González-Ronquillo; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Effect of different growth stages of rapeseed (brassica rapa L.) on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, and rumen fermentation kinetics in sheep diets. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2021, 20, 698 -706.
AMA StyleLizbeth E. Robles Jimenez, Amelia Zetina Sánchez, Octavio Alonso Castelán Ortega, Jorge Osorio Avalos, Julieta Gertrudis Estrada Flores, Manuel González-Ronquillo, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Effect of different growth stages of rapeseed (brassica rapa L.) on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, and rumen fermentation kinetics in sheep diets. Italian Journal of Animal Science. 2021; 20 (1):698-706.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLizbeth E. Robles Jimenez; Amelia Zetina Sánchez; Octavio Alonso Castelán Ortega; Jorge Osorio Avalos; Julieta Gertrudis Estrada Flores; Manuel González-Ronquillo; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2021. "Effect of different growth stages of rapeseed (brassica rapa L.) on nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen balance, and rumen fermentation kinetics in sheep diets." Italian Journal of Animal Science 20, no. 1: 698-706.
The objective of this study was to determine the effects of electrochemically activated drinking water (ECW) on milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell counts (SCC) in dairy cows. In Farm 1, as a controlled study, two groups of lactating cows were offered regular drinking water (n = 27) and ECW (n = 27) water dosed with 4 ppm of 29 mg/L of chlorate (Neuthox®). The 54 cows were grouped into two groups, balanced by stage of lactation (111 ± 67 DIM) and parity (2.2 ± 0.4). Cows received water with or without ECW for 6 months. In Farm 2, a longitudinal study was undertaken with 140 lactating cows that were offered ECW for 5 months. Monthly records from milk yield and milk components were analysed from both farms. In Farm 1, SCC were lowered by ECW (162 ± 42 × 103/mL) compared to no ECW animals (411 ± 202 × 103/mL). In Farm 2, milk yield (from 35.5 to 32.7 kg of energy corrected milk) and milk protein (from 3.52 to 3.33 g/100 g) contents decreased across the months while SCC tended to decrease. Results showed that ECW could be useful for reducing SCC without detrimental effects on milk production and milk composition.
Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Santiago Cruz-Morales; Rajan Dhakal; Hanne H. Hansen. Long-term effects of electrochemically activated drinking water on milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell counts in dairy cows: a field study. Journal of Applied Animal Research 2021, 49, 304 -308.
AMA StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Santiago Cruz-Morales, Rajan Dhakal, Hanne H. Hansen. Long-term effects of electrochemically activated drinking water on milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell counts in dairy cows: a field study. Journal of Applied Animal Research. 2021; 49 (1):304-308.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEinar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Santiago Cruz-Morales; Rajan Dhakal; Hanne H. Hansen. 2021. "Long-term effects of electrochemically activated drinking water on milk yield, milk composition and somatic cell counts in dairy cows: a field study." Journal of Applied Animal Research 49, no. 1: 304-308.
To stop hunger, reducing food losses is a potential movement towards saving food. A large portion of these losses could be avoided and reduced through the improved food chain in many countries. Raising awareness on how and where food losses occur will help recovering foods such as meat by identifying solutions and convincing people to implement those solutions. This, in turn, will lead to private and public efforts to recover meat that might be otherwise wasted. After highlighting the importance of food saving benefits and relevant statistics, this paper explains the possible ways to reduce meat loss and waste in abattoirs and presents a framework for prevention according to the estimates of meat losses in Iran meat supply. The current article answers the questions of where do we have the meat loss in Iran and what approaches are most successful in reducing losses in the meat industry. The national average loss and waste in meat production are about 300,000 metric tonnes (about 15%). Many segments and players are involved with this huge amount of losses in the meat value chain, a large portion of these losses could be avoided and reduced by about 25% through using by-products with the mechanization of design and manufacturing. The production amount of mechanically deboned meat (MDM) is 105,091,000 kg, concluding the major waste (88.33%) of total poultry losses. Ensuring appropriate actions by exploiting the full potential of engaged Iranian associations and institutes is considered to reduce the losses.
Vahid Ranaei; Zahra Pilevar; Changiz Esfandiari; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Rajan Dhakal; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Hedayat Hosseini. Meat Value Chain Losses in Iran. Food Science of Animal Resources 2021, 41, 16 -33.
AMA StyleVahid Ranaei, Zahra Pilevar, Changiz Esfandiari, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Rajan Dhakal, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Hedayat Hosseini. Meat Value Chain Losses in Iran. Food Science of Animal Resources. 2021; 41 (1):16-33.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVahid Ranaei; Zahra Pilevar; Changiz Esfandiari; Amin Mousavi Khaneghah; Rajan Dhakal; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Hedayat Hosseini. 2021. "Meat Value Chain Losses in Iran." Food Science of Animal Resources 41, no. 1: 16-33.
This study determined production performance, nutrient digestibility, and milk composition of dairy ewes supplemented with crushed sunflower seeds (Helianthus annuus) and sunflower seed silage in corn silage-based diets. Six ewes were grouped in a double 3 × 3 Latin square design with three periods of 21 days. All treatments were based on ad libitum corn silage. Control diet was based on alfalfa hay (333 g/kg DM), sorghum grain (253 g/kg DM), triticale grain (200 g/kg DM), soybean meal (167 g /kg DM), and vitamin and mineral premix (47 g/kg DM). Sunflower seeds (SF) and sunflower seed silage (SFS) treatments consisted of alfalfa hay (333 g/kg DM), sorghum grain (267 g/kg DM), triticale grain (100 g/kg DM), soybean meal (167 g /kg DM), SF or SFS (87 g/kg DM) and vitamin and mineral premix (47 g/kg DM). Compared to control, SF and SFS increased intake and digestibility of fiber components, such as neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Body weight, nitrogen balance, milk yield, milk fat yield, milk protein yield, lactose yield and milk urea N were similar between treatments. Overall, results demonstrated that crushed sunflower seeds and ensiled seeds do not change significantly productive parameters of dairy sheep.
Eduardo Cardoso-Gutiérrez; Alondra Cristel Narváez-López; Lizbeth E. Robles-Jiménez; Andrés Morales Osorio; María De Guadalupe Gutierrez-Martinez; Heidi Leskinen; Marcello Mele; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Manuel González-Ronquillo. Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Milk Composition of Dairy Ewes Supplemented with Crushed Sunflower Seeds and Sunflower Seed Silage in Corn Silage-Based Diets. Animals 2020, 10, 2354 .
AMA StyleEduardo Cardoso-Gutiérrez, Alondra Cristel Narváez-López, Lizbeth E. Robles-Jiménez, Andrés Morales Osorio, María De Guadalupe Gutierrez-Martinez, Heidi Leskinen, Marcello Mele, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Manuel González-Ronquillo. Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Milk Composition of Dairy Ewes Supplemented with Crushed Sunflower Seeds and Sunflower Seed Silage in Corn Silage-Based Diets. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2354.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEduardo Cardoso-Gutiérrez; Alondra Cristel Narváez-López; Lizbeth E. Robles-Jiménez; Andrés Morales Osorio; María De Guadalupe Gutierrez-Martinez; Heidi Leskinen; Marcello Mele; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Manuel González-Ronquillo. 2020. "Production Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Milk Composition of Dairy Ewes Supplemented with Crushed Sunflower Seeds and Sunflower Seed Silage in Corn Silage-Based Diets." Animals 10, no. 12: 2354.
Plant-based milk alternatives (PBMA) are a new popular food trend among consumers in Europe and North America. The forecast shows that PBMA will double their value by 2023. The objective of this study was to analyze the nutritional value of commercial products in terms of their fatty acid profile and protein digestibility from commercial PBMA. Eight commercially available PBMA were selected for fatty acid analysis, performed with gas chromatography of methylated fatty acids (GC-FAME), and, from these, four commercial products (almond drink, hemp drink, oat drink, and soy drink) were selected for a short-term in vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) analysis. The fatty acid analysis results showed that most of the products predominantly contained oleic acid (C18:1 ω-9) and linoleic acid (C18:2 ω-6). Hemp drink contained the highest omega-6/omega-3 (ω6/ω3) ratio among all tested products (3.43). Oat drink and almond drink were the PBMA with the highest short-term protein digestibility, non-significantly different from cow’s milk, while soy drink showed the lowest value of protein digestibility. In conclusion, PBMA showed a significant variability depending on the plant source, both in terms of fatty acid composition and protein digestibility. These results provide more in-depth nutritional information, for future product development, and for consumer’s choice.
Eliana Martínez-Padilla; Kexin Li; Heidi Blok Frandsen; Marcel Skejovic Joehnke; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Iben Lykke Petersen. In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Fatty Acid Profile of Commercial Plant-Based Milk Alternatives. Foods 2020, 9, 1784 .
AMA StyleEliana Martínez-Padilla, Kexin Li, Heidi Blok Frandsen, Marcel Skejovic Joehnke, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Iben Lykke Petersen. In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Fatty Acid Profile of Commercial Plant-Based Milk Alternatives. Foods. 2020; 9 (12):1784.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEliana Martínez-Padilla; Kexin Li; Heidi Blok Frandsen; Marcel Skejovic Joehnke; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Iben Lykke Petersen. 2020. "In Vitro Protein Digestibility and Fatty Acid Profile of Commercial Plant-Based Milk Alternatives." Foods 9, no. 12: 1784.
High producing dairy cows generally receive in the diet up to 5–6% of fat. This is a relatively low amount of fat in the diet compared to diets in monogastrics; however, dietary fat is important for dairy cows as demonstrated by the benefits of supplementing cows with various fatty acids (FA). Several FA are highly bioactive, especially by affecting the transcriptome; thus, they have nutrigenomic effects. In the present review, we provide an up-to-date understanding of the utilization of FA by dairy cows including the main processes affecting FA in the rumen, molecular aspects of the absorption of FA by the gut, synthesis, secretion, and utilization of chylomicrons; uptake and metabolism of FA by peripheral tissues, with a main emphasis on the liver, and main transcription factors regulated by FA. Most of the advances in FA utilization by rumen microorganisms and intestinal absorption of FA in dairy cows were made before the end of the last century with little information generated afterwards. However, large advances on the molecular aspects of intestinal absorption and cellular uptake of FA were made on monogastric species in the last 20 years. We provide a model of FA utilization in dairy cows by using information generated in monogastrics and enriching it with data produced in dairy cows. We also reviewed the latest studies on the effects of dietary FA on milk yield, milk fatty acid composition, reproduction, and health in dairy cows. The reviewed data revealed a complex picture with the FA being active in each step of the way, starting from influencing rumen microbiota, regulating intestinal absorption, and affecting cellular uptake and utilization by peripheral tissues, making prediction onin vivonutrigenomic effects of FA challenging.
Massimo Bionaz; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Sebastiano Busato. Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2020, 11, 1 -36.
AMA StyleMassimo Bionaz, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, Sebastiano Busato. Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology. 2020; 11 (1):1-36.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMassimo Bionaz; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; Sebastiano Busato. 2020. "Advances in fatty acids nutrition in dairy cows: from gut to cells and effects on performance." Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 11, no. 1: 1-36.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical and texture changes of the Manchego-style cheese produced from hair sheep (Pelibuey) throughout 180 days of ripening, as well as consumer’s acceptance. Cheese pH was constant from 1 to 180 days of ripening. Moisture, water activity, fat, elasticity and hardness decreased from day 1 to day 180, while protein, trichloroacetic acid-soluble N and free amino acid increased. Cheese lightness decreased as ripening time increased, while elasticity and hardness decreased. Principal Component Analysis was useful in discriminating cheeses according to their physicochemical composition and that allowed cheeses to be classified in two groups according to their ripening time and this resulted in those with less than 60 days and those with more than 90 days of ripening. Compared with cheeses ripened at 1 and 90 days, aged cheeses at 180 days reduced scores for appearance, color, odor, taste, texture and overall acceptance. Overall, Manchego-style cheeses from hair sheep had the usual ripened-cheese physicochemical changes.
Jesús Alberto Mezo-Solís; Víctor Manuel Moo-Huchin; Adriana Sánchez-Zarate; Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo; Raciel Javier Estrada-León; Rodrigo Ibáñez; Paula Toro-Mujica; Alfonso J. Chay-Canul; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Physico-Chemical, Sensory and Texture Properties of an Aged Mexican Manchego-Style Cheese Produced from Hair Sheep Milk. Foods 2020, 9, 1666 .
AMA StyleJesús Alberto Mezo-Solís, Víctor Manuel Moo-Huchin, Adriana Sánchez-Zarate, Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo, Raciel Javier Estrada-León, Rodrigo Ibáñez, Paula Toro-Mujica, Alfonso J. Chay-Canul, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. Physico-Chemical, Sensory and Texture Properties of an Aged Mexican Manchego-Style Cheese Produced from Hair Sheep Milk. Foods. 2020; 9 (11):1666.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJesús Alberto Mezo-Solís; Víctor Manuel Moo-Huchin; Adriana Sánchez-Zarate; Manuel Gonzalez-Ronquillo; Raciel Javier Estrada-León; Rodrigo Ibáñez; Paula Toro-Mujica; Alfonso J. Chay-Canul; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez. 2020. "Physico-Chemical, Sensory and Texture Properties of an Aged Mexican Manchego-Style Cheese Produced from Hair Sheep Milk." Foods 9, no. 11: 1666.
This Technical Research Communication evaluated the influence of various cheese manufacture methods on the composition and in vitro antihypertensive activity of sweet whey samples obtained from miniature models for fresh, Chanco and Gouda-style cheese processing using bulk-tank milks throughout a year. Raw milks from morning milking were standardized, pasteurized and used to obtain sweet whey using cheesemaking protocols for each variety on 200 g scale, as well the use of whey dilution at levels of 0, 15, 30 and 45% in Chanco and Gouda-style making. The composition of sweet whey obtained within each cheesemaking variety was similar among different timepoints of the year (P > 0.05), which was attributed to similar composition of milks and the use standardized cheesemaking protocols used for this study. As expected, the use of whey dilution led to sweet whey samples with reduced levels of total solids (P < 0.05), but they exhibited an improvement of the in vitro antihypertensive properties, which may be attributed to the formation of low-molecular weight bioactive peptides due to increased cheese making times. The results of this study suggest that modifying cheese manufacture protocols may have a direct impact on the bioactive properties of sweet whey. Future work will be required to identify and evaluate the feasibility to purify bioactive peptides obtained from sweet whey.
Josemaría Godoy; Marie Peslerbes; Stefanie Vyhmeister; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; María Angélica Fellenberg; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez. Changes in the chemical and in-vitro antihypertensive properties of sweet whey obtained from miniature fresh, Chanco and Gouda-style model cheeses. Journal of Dairy Research 2020, 87, 488 -492.
AMA StyleJosemaría Godoy, Marie Peslerbes, Stefanie Vyhmeister, Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez, María Angélica Fellenberg, Rodrigo A. Ibáñez. Changes in the chemical and in-vitro antihypertensive properties of sweet whey obtained from miniature fresh, Chanco and Gouda-style model cheeses. Journal of Dairy Research. 2020; 87 (4):488-492.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJosemaría Godoy; Marie Peslerbes; Stefanie Vyhmeister; Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez; María Angélica Fellenberg; Rodrigo A. Ibáñez. 2020. "Changes in the chemical and in-vitro antihypertensive properties of sweet whey obtained from miniature fresh, Chanco and Gouda-style model cheeses." Journal of Dairy Research 87, no. 4: 488-492.