One hundred and five (105) bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes, including five commercial checks, were screened for stripe rust resistance at seedling and adult plant stages. Seedlings grown under controlled conditions were screened for disease resistance after 12 days concerning disease incidence percentage after inoculation. K-means cluster analysis divided the genotypes into five different classes according to the presence of virulence/avirulence profile, i.e., class 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The same set of genotypes was grown under field conditions for adult plant resistance. Data for disease scoring and different yield and yield-related parameters was recorded. A comparison of breeding lines indicated that all studied traits were negatively affected by disease incidence. Further cluster analysis ranked the genotypes into three distinct groups with Group I and III being the most diverse. Thirteen stripe rust resistance lines were identified using seedling and adult plant resistance strategies. Correlation analysis indicated a negative association between stripe rust incidence and yield and yield-related traits, particularly grains per spike, grain weight per spike, thousand-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. These findings suggested that stripe rust resistance negatively affects yield and yield related traits. The breeding programs aiming at the development of high yielding varieties must also focus on stripe rust resistance.

Intercropping is a common yet often discouraged agricultural practice in underdeveloped countries. This method is particularly beneficial for cereal crops. To combat this issue, incorporating leguminous crops with cereals is an effective technique for enhancing soil organic matter and macronutrient levels. The research trial was conducted in the Department of Agronomy at Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, in 2018. The crop varieties used in the experiment included maize (P-1439), sunflower (NKSINGI), and mung beans (HAZARI-2006). The results of the study established that intercropping significantly increased the cob diameter, the number of cobs per plant, biological yield, and grain yield for both crops. Data were collected on various observations from 35 days after sowing (DAS) until harvest. The allometric traits measured included leaf area index (LAI), leaf area duration (days), crop growth rate (g m-2 day-1), and chlorophyll content. Additionally, data on root traits, agronomic parameters, yield parameters, and weed-related traits were also collected. In conclusion, yields in weed-free conditions were significantly higher than in weedy environments. Furthermore, maize and sunflower grown alongside mung beans in weed-free regions produced maximum yields compared to weedy checks. The results indicate that intercropping maize and sunflowers with mung beans is more advantageous than planting these crops as sole varieties. Maize, whether grown alone or intercropped with mungbean under weed-free conditions, produced higher grain yields of 6.75 g/plot and 5.8 g/plot compared to weed-infested conditions. Notably, the lower yield of mung beans provided a higher economic value compared to the higher yields of maize and sunflower.