Whether urban park supply effectively responds to residents’ actual use remains a critical issue for public service provision, residents’ health and well-being, and spatial equity in high-density cities. Conventional assessments based on static population data may fail to capture dynamic patterns of human activity, potentially obscuring mismatches between service provision and real demand. This study integrates mobile phone signaling data into a supply–demand assessment framework to evaluate urban park systems from a dynamic population perspective. The framework is applied to Shenzhen as a representative high-density megacity. Park supply is measured by service capacity, coverage, and accessibility, while demand is derived from observed visitation behavior. A Supply–Demand Ratio (SDR) index, combined with Getis-Ord Gi* analysis, is employed to identify spatial patterns of mismatch. The results reveal substantial supply–demand imbalances that are not captured by traditional static indicators, with approximately 30.9% of communities identified as significant cold spots. High-density central areas exhibit a persistent deficit in park services despite relatively high coverage levels, whereas peripheral areas with abundant ecological resources show relative surpluses. These patterns are closely associated with urban functional structure, population mobility, and jobs–housing separation. By uncovering the divergence between nominal accessibility and actual use, this study highlights the limitations of place-based planning approaches and underscores the need for a people-centered perspective. The findings point to the importance of shifting from “opportunity equity” to “outcome equity” in evaluating and improving urban public service provision to foster sustainable urban development.

Objectives: The rational planning and allocation of hospitals significantly improve residents’ health and quality of life. However, the unequal allocation of medical resources remains a significant issue in large Chinese cities. This study investigated the disparities in access to health care among different social groups in Shenzhen and explored the discrepancy in equity and its influencing mechanisms. Methods: The population was divided into 5 social groups based on housing prices: high-income, middle-high income, middle-income, middle-low income, and low-income. The actual travel times of residential neighborhoods and general hospitals under both driving and public transportation were accessed through the application programming interface Amap, a mapping technology application. The accessibility of general hospitals was calculated by the Gaussian-based 2-step floating catchment area method. The Gini coefficient was used to further investigate the equity in medical facility services. Results: Accessibility to first and second-level hospitals was adequate for the high-income group. However, a significant spatial mismatch in the allocation of hospitals was identified for the middle-low income and low-income groups, especially those reliant on public transportation. Conclusions: This study reveals an inequitable allocation of hospitals, with driving accessibility generally superior to public transport accessibility in Shenzhen, and a significant spatial mismatch for middle-low income and low-income groups. This study suggests optimizing public transportation around hospitals and middle-low income or low-income neighborhoods through urban planning to improve the accessibility of public service facilities for middle-low income and low-income households, thereby promoting more health equity.