The device-to-device (D2D) communication is viewed as an attractive technique to increase the spectrum efficiency and the data transmission rate in the wireless network. In this paper, we investigate the joint resource allocation and power control problem for cooperative D2D users (DUs) which multiplex cellular users (CUs) in downlink cooperative D2D heterogeneous networks. The studied resource allocation problem contains the spectrum resource block allocation and the selection of an idle user which works as a relay to assist the D2D links communication, while the power control aims to reduce the interference between users and improve the communication quality of service (QoS). To efficiently maximize the total throughput of all the DU links and the CU links on the premise of guaranteeing the communication QoS for CUs, we propose a quantum coral reefs optimization algorithm (QCROA) to obtain the optimal joint resource allocation and power control scheme. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed QCROA achieves an excellent performance for different network communication scenarios.

We design a co-time co-frequency full-duplex (CCFD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) network to improve the utilization of time-frequency resources and physical layer security. Simultaneous information transmissions of the base station and the users are regarded as same-frequency interference against interception by eavesdroppers. To promote energy conservation and improve utilization of system resources, we propose a joint antenna selection and power allocation (JASPA) strategy for CCFD massive MIMO networks. Considering the trade-off between secrecy performance and system communications quality, we formulate optimization functions based on JASPA for two security concerns. We design a quantum-inspired backtracking search algorithm (QBSA) to obtain the optimal JASPA scheme. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed QBSA is superior to previous intelligent algorithms in CCFD massive MIMO systems. The effectiveness of the proposed JASPA scheme is demonstrated under various communications scenarios, and can be considered a cornerstone for future research in wireless communications domain.

This paper presents a co-time co-frequency full-duplex (CCFD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system to meet high spectrum efficiency requirements for beyond the fifth-generation (5G) and the forthcoming the sixth-generation (6G) networks. To achieve equilibrium of energy consumption, system resource utilization, and overall transmission capacity, an energy-efficient resource management strategy concerning power allocation and antenna selection is designed. A continuous quantum-inspired termite colony optimization (CQTCO) algorithm is proposed as a solution to the resource management considering the communication reliability while promoting energy conservation for the CCFD massive MIMO system. The effectiveness of CQTCO compared with other algorithms is evaluated through simulations. The results reveal that the proposed resource management scheme under CQTCO can obtain a superior performance in different communication scenarios, which can be considered as an eco-friendly solution for promoting reliable and efficient communication in future wireless networks.

The wireless energy harvesting (EH) technique is regarded as a new way to provide an energy supply for energy-constrained cognitive relay networks (CRNs). A novel wireless EH cognitive multi-user relay network (CMRN) for the underlay protocol is investigated in this paper. In this system, there are multiple primary users (PUs) and multiple secondary users (SUs). The SUs can share the licensed spectrum and harvest energy from ambient signals. The problems of multiple relay selection by the SUs and of finding the optimal EH ratio are considered. We analytically derive the exact expression of the throughput of a secondary network. In it, there are four constraints: for the permitted peak interference with each primary transmitter (PT); for the sum interference for each PT; that the transmit power of secondary source nodes (SSNs) and secondary relays (SRs) should be less than the energy harvested; and that each secondary source node/secondary destination node (SSN-SDN) pair can only choose one SR. To obtain the optimal performance of the secondary network’s throughput, we should optimize the multiple relay selection scheme and the EH ratio. Actually, it is a classic integer optimization problem to design an optimal multiple relay selection scheme. However, the selection of the optimal EH ratio is a continuous optimization problem. The joint multiple relay selection and time slot allocation is a classical hybrid optimization problem. So, we propose a novel quantum sine cosine algorithm (QSCA) for resolving the difficulty with optimization of multiple relay selection and the EH ratio. Our simulation results verify our proposed solution by showing the influence of different parameters for the proposed model and by demonstrating good performance under the QSCA.

For intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-aided networks, it is known that high network performance requires a large surface of IRS due to multiple path losses. Moreover, if a secure communication system wants to obtain a higher secrecy rate, more passive reflecting elements are needed, resulting in larger size of IRS. However, even though we increase more elements of IRS, we will face the problem of limited performance improvement. To solve this problem, we propose a secure communication architecture where an intelligent mixed reflecting/relaying surface (IMRRS) aids information transmission. We formulate the exact secrecy energy efficiency expression, and then aim to design an energy-efficient scheme to realize intelligent reflecting element (IRE) working mode selection and secure dynamic hybrid resource management. To address the formulated problem, we propose a fast IRE working mode selection method and a quantum-inspired bald eagle search (QBES) algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method, which can exploit the IMRRS benefits and improve security performance during information transmission.

With the advent of Internet of Everything and the era of big data, massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is considered as an essential technology to meet the growing communication requirements for beyond 5G and the forthcoming 6G networks. This paper considers a secure massive MIMO system, where the legitimate user and the base station exchange messages via two-way relays with the presence of passive eavesdroppers. To achieve the trade-off between the physical-layer security and communication reliability, we design a cooperative transmission mode based on multiple-relay collaboration, where some relays broadcast the received signals and other relays act as friendly jammers to prevent the interception by eavesdroppers. A quantum chemical reaction optimization (QCRO) algorithm is proposed to find the most suitable scheme for multiple-relay collaboration. Simulation results highlight excellent performance of the proposed transmission mode under QCRO in different communication scenarios, which can be considered as a potential solution for the security issue in future wireless networks.