This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of innovation between corporate governance and firm performance. The theoretical foundations of this study were the agency and resource dependence theories. The data were collected from annual reports of non-financial firms listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange and spanned the period from 2010 to 2019. The direct impact of corporate governance was evaluated using Driscoll Kraay’s standard errors, while for the mediating role of innovation, each indirect impact was separately examined using the bootstrapping technique in Stata. Interestingly, the study found significant support for a direct impact of corporate governance variables on firm performance, except for independent directors. The indirect impact of corporate governance on firm performance was also appraised, except for directors’ interlocks and family ownership. Based on the findings, the study suggests that firms can achieve higher performance by effectively using embedded resources from the corporate governance structure and innovation.

In current volatile business environment, the owners of the corporations are worried about how diverse board composition influences the strategic performance of the corporations. Therefore, this study considered the agency theory, upper echelon and resource-based view of board heterogeneity as limited literature account for such integrated phenomenon of theories. Accordingly, the key aim of the study is to scrutinize the impacts of occupational heterogeneity (educational) and social heterogeneity (gender and national) on firm performance. At first, Blau’s heterogeneity index was applied to measure the occupational heterogeneity and social heterogeneity, then ordinary least square method was applied for analysis. The data set was obtained from the non-financial sector of Pakistan Stock Exchange for the years 2010–2016 with final sample of 375 firms. The findings of current research concluded that all measures of occupational heterogeneity significantly and positively contribute to firm value expect finance education and other education (defense, arts, political science etc.). However, in social heterogeneity, gender diversity has a negative effect on firm performance while nationally heterogeneous board demonstrate a positive effect on firm performance. Moreover, this study has beneficial implications for the corporate sector as firms can boost their profitability by extracting benefits from their diverse workforce.

Gender differences have been widely observed among developing countries whenever it comes to investigate the position of women on research grounds. Therefore, in current research, the relationship between employment and empowerment is being focused generally and particular attention is paid to the individual’s ability to approach job opportunities and working environment at the communal level. Moreover, women’s access toward resources and contribution level to the accumulated family earnings within the family units is also observed. The study used primary source of data of 500 households which was collected from four districts of Punjab, Pakistan through a multistage random sampling technique. In this study, four indicators have been chosen in order to measure women empowerment and hierarchical multiple regression was applied to have a look at multiple professions and groupings of empowerment. The findings indicated that women in particularly few professions hold the higher chance of getting empowered, in addition, those particular professional attributes seem interconnected by some of the empowerment indicators. Moreover, the study is meant to foster the debate to improve women empowerment through establishing new job market which provides more opportunities to women especially in the rural areas, which is the most neglected part in developing countries.

Climate change has become one of the biggest issue across the globe as most countries have been bearing the consequences of this phenomenon on a global scale. Countries have been drafting environmental regulations to help mitigate the environmental pollution caused by climate change. Therefore, the implications of environmental policies in various sectors of the economy are dependent on state regulations. The main objective of this study is to investigate the impact of corporate governance on environmental performance. Furthermore, this study examines the impact of institutional regulations on the relationship of corporate governance and firms’ environmental performance. The data was collected from the top 120 manufacturing companies that are based in Pakistan, India, China and Bangladesh. The binary logit regression methodology was employed in this study. The results indicate that the attributes of corporate governance have a positive and significant impact on green performance. In addition, the results were also positive and significant on the moderating role of institutional regulation for corporate governance and firm performance. Hence, based on the empirical findings, this study recommends strict environmental institutional regulations to further enhance environmental performance. Keywords:Green performance, corporate governance, environment, institutional policies

This research article examines the impact of economic, health, environmental, and social-economic factors on diverse forms of pro-environmental consumption: energy conservation, water conservation, and recycling. Primary data concerning these variables were collected from 430 individuals using a structured questionnaire following the cluster sampling methodology. Results indicate that one unit increase in environmental, economic, and health concerns improve pro-environment behavior by 52, 64, and 25 units, respectively. In contrast, a 1 unit increase in income deteriorates pro-environment behavior by 0.01 units. Education, age, gender, and owning a home have an insignificant impact on pro-environmental habits. The model explains a 52% variation in pro-environmental habits. The study recommends that effective electronic and social media campaigns increase environmental, economic, and health concerns and improve green behavior. More courses on environmental sustainability in schools and universities can effectively increase ecological knowledge and concerns.