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Ottfried Dietrich
Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Straße 84, D-15374 Müncheberg, Germany

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Journal article
Published: 18 August 2021 in Water
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In recent years, Germany has experienced an increasing number of extreme wet and dry years. In the North German lowlands, wet grassland sites with shallow water table conditions are widespread landscape elements. They are characterized by a special water and nutrient balance that reacts very sensitively to changes in the hydrological system. Studies on evapotranspiration (ETa) and the development of groundwater levels were carried out at two typical wet grassland sites with shallow water table conditions. A weighable groundwater lysimeter system in the Spreewald wetland (SPW) and an eddy covariance station in Havelländisches Luch (HL) were used to measure ETa. The results show that even these shallow water table sites cannot sufficiently meet the vegetation’s water demands in extreme dry conditions. The groundwater levels drop to values deeper than 1 m below the surface. As a result, water supply to the vegetation is temporarily limited. The mean crop coefficients (Kc) of these wet grassland sites reach values of 1.1 in the vegetation period with a sufficient water supply, but drop to around 0.8 in dry years when the water supply is limited. Areas with small catchment areas, such as HL, are more seriously affected by the dry meteorological conditions than areas with sufficient inflows from larger catchment areas, such as SPW.

ACS Style

Ottfried Dietrich; Axel Behrendt; Martin Wegehenkel. The Water Balance of Wet Grassland Sites with Shallow Water Table Conditions in the North-Eastern German Lowlands in Extreme Dry and Wet Years. Water 2021, 13, 2259 .

AMA Style

Ottfried Dietrich, Axel Behrendt, Martin Wegehenkel. The Water Balance of Wet Grassland Sites with Shallow Water Table Conditions in the North-Eastern German Lowlands in Extreme Dry and Wet Years. Water. 2021; 13 (16):2259.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ottfried Dietrich; Axel Behrendt; Martin Wegehenkel. 2021. "The Water Balance of Wet Grassland Sites with Shallow Water Table Conditions in the North-Eastern German Lowlands in Extreme Dry and Wet Years." Water 13, no. 16: 2259.

Journal article
Published: 31 March 2021 in Agricultural Water Management
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The determination of the volumetric soil water content θv by means of capacitive profile probes is often applied to investigate the soil water storage change ΔS that serves as basis for decisions in agricultural water management. The soil properties have a big effect on the accuracy of the θv measurements. The use of only one calibration function, often provided by the manufacturers of the probes, cannot fulfil the requirements of all site conditions. Therefore, many individual calibration functions have in the past been determined for different soils and sensors. A literature review of existing calibration functions of the capacitive profile probe Diviner 2000 shows the broad range of available functions. The review makes it clear that there is a lack of functions for organic soils. These soils are typical soils of wet sites with shallow groundwater tables. The soil moisture is of big importance for many ecological processes of these sites and therefore an exact determination of θv is important. A Diviner 2000 profile probe was calibrated on such a shallow groundwater site in a classic field calibration procedure and the determined functions were applied to the soil profile of a weighable groundwater lysimeter. The soil water storage change ΔS was estimated with the measured θv values and compared with the measured mass change Δm of the lysimeter. The mean error (bias) between ΔS with the field calibration function and Δm was 7.8 kg and the root mean squared error (RMSE) 19.9 kg. An iterative adaptation of the calibration functions to the measured Δm values of the lysimeter reduced the bias to 0.9 kg and the RMSE to 14.0 kg. The investigations illustrate the problems of a classic field calibration under the conditions of a shallow groundwater site with low θv changes in deeper soil horizons and soils with high Corg contents as well as the inaccuracy in the determination of ΔS based on θv measurements with capacitive profile probes.

ACS Style

Ottfried Dietrich; Jörg Steidl. Field calibrations of a Diviner 2000 capacitive soil water content probe on a shallow groundwater site and the application in a weighable groundwater lysimeter. Agricultural Water Management 2021, 252, 106874 .

AMA Style

Ottfried Dietrich, Jörg Steidl. Field calibrations of a Diviner 2000 capacitive soil water content probe on a shallow groundwater site and the application in a weighable groundwater lysimeter. Agricultural Water Management. 2021; 252 ():106874.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ottfried Dietrich; Jörg Steidl. 2021. "Field calibrations of a Diviner 2000 capacitive soil water content probe on a shallow groundwater site and the application in a weighable groundwater lysimeter." Agricultural Water Management 252, no. : 106874.

Journal article
Published: 09 July 2019 in Water
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Drained wetland sites with shallow water tables cover large parts of Central and Western European lowlands. Their hydrological behaviour is complex and depends on their specific characteristics. In this paper, we analysed how the water budget components of such areas behaved when undergoing rainfall events with amounts greater than 10 mm. All the water budget components were determined using a weighable groundwater lysimeter that was installed in the Spreewald wetland, Germany. On average, 69% of the rainfall was stored in the wetland, while only 8% was discharged and 23% was dissipated by evapotranspiration during the time of the runoff process during and after the rainfall event. More than half of the water that was stored could be attributed to storage within the unsaturated zone, while only a minor part was due to the water storage change under quasi-equilibrium conditions. Hence, the soil moisture depletion in the unsaturated zone in the period before the rainfall had a big influence on the site’s available water storage capacity. The findings show that models and approaches assuming hydrostatic conditions might strongly underestimate the water storage capacity of shallow water table sites and, consequently, overestimate the runoff. Hence, the hydrostatic assumption does not describe the process dynamics of these sites in an appropriate manner.

ACS Style

Ottfried Dietrich; Marcus Fahle; Jörg Steidl. The Role of the Unsaturated Zone for Rainwater Retention and Runoff at a Drained Wetland Site. Water 2019, 11, 1404 .

AMA Style

Ottfried Dietrich, Marcus Fahle, Jörg Steidl. The Role of the Unsaturated Zone for Rainwater Retention and Runoff at a Drained Wetland Site. Water. 2019; 11 (7):1404.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ottfried Dietrich; Marcus Fahle; Jörg Steidl. 2019. "The Role of the Unsaturated Zone for Rainwater Retention and Runoff at a Drained Wetland Site." Water 11, no. 7: 1404.

Communication
Published: 22 April 2018 in Water
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Climatic and environmental changes are expected to affect in particular those regions where the economy is primarily based on the agricultural sector and where the dependency on water availability is high. This study examines how smallholder farmers in rural Tanzania perceived climatic and environmental changes over the past 20 years and the resulting effects on water availability and food security. The study is based on a household survey of 899 farmers in a semi-arid and a sub-humid region in Tanzania. It was found that (a) significant differences in perceptions of the environment by farmers can be attributed to agro-climatic location, while the distance to a water source has less impact on individual perception; (b) differently perceived changes affect individual water availability and food security; and (c) the farm level adaptation methods applied are linked to vulnerability to changes and the household dependence on the immediate environment. The authors conclude that the specific environmental surroundings paired with socio-economic factors can severely compound the negative effects of water scarcity on rural farmers.

ACS Style

Lina Röschel; Frieder Graef; Ottfried Dietrich; Meike Pendo Schäfer; Dagmar Haase. Individual Local Farmers’ Perceptions of Environmental Change in Tanzania. Water 2018, 10, 525 .

AMA Style

Lina Röschel, Frieder Graef, Ottfried Dietrich, Meike Pendo Schäfer, Dagmar Haase. Individual Local Farmers’ Perceptions of Environmental Change in Tanzania. Water. 2018; 10 (4):525.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lina Röschel; Frieder Graef; Ottfried Dietrich; Meike Pendo Schäfer; Dagmar Haase. 2018. "Individual Local Farmers’ Perceptions of Environmental Change in Tanzania." Water 10, no. 4: 525.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2018 in Agricultural Water Management
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ACS Style

Frank Joseph Wambura; Ottfried Dietrich; Frieder Graef. Analysis of infield rainwater harvesting and land use change impacts on the hydrologic cycle in the Wami River basin. Agricultural Water Management 2018, 203, 124 -137.

AMA Style

Frank Joseph Wambura, Ottfried Dietrich, Frieder Graef. Analysis of infield rainwater harvesting and land use change impacts on the hydrologic cycle in the Wami River basin. Agricultural Water Management. 2018; 203 ():124-137.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank Joseph Wambura; Ottfried Dietrich; Frieder Graef. 2018. "Analysis of infield rainwater harvesting and land use change impacts on the hydrologic cycle in the Wami River basin." Agricultural Water Management 203, no. : 124-137.

Article
Published: 20 February 2018 in Hydrological Processes
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Many hydrological models have been calibrated and validated using hydrographs alone. Since streamflow integrates water fluxes in space, many distributed hydrological models tend to have multiple feasible descriptions of hydrological processes. This equifinality usually leads to substantial prediction uncertainty. In this study, additional constraints – namely the spatial patterns of long-term average evapotranspiration (ET), shallow groundwater level and land cover change – were used to investigate the reduction of equifinality and prediction uncertainty in the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) in the Wami River basin in Tanzania. The additional constraints were used in the setup, parameter emulation and calibration of the SWAT model termed an “improved hydrological model” (IHM). The IHM was then compared against a classical hydrological model (CHM) which was also developed using the SWAT model but without additional constraints. In the calibration, the CHM used only the hydrograph, but the IHM used the hydrograph and the spatial pattern of long-term average ET as an additional constraint. The IHM produced a single, unique behavioural simulation, whereas the CHM produced many behavioural simulations that resulted in prediction uncertainty. The performance of the IHM with respect to the hydrograph was more consistent than that of the CHM, and the former clearly captured the mean behaviour of ET in the river basin. Therefore, we conclude that additional constraints substantially reduce equifinality and prediction uncertainty in a distributed hydrological model.

ACS Style

Frank Joseph Wambura; Ottfried Dietrich; Gunnar Lischeid. Improving a distributed hydrological model using evapotranspiration-related boundary conditions as additional constraints in a data-scarce river basin. Hydrological Processes 2018, 32, 759 -775.

AMA Style

Frank Joseph Wambura, Ottfried Dietrich, Gunnar Lischeid. Improving a distributed hydrological model using evapotranspiration-related boundary conditions as additional constraints in a data-scarce river basin. Hydrological Processes. 2018; 32 (6):759-775.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Frank Joseph Wambura; Ottfried Dietrich; Gunnar Lischeid. 2018. "Improving a distributed hydrological model using evapotranspiration-related boundary conditions as additional constraints in a data-scarce river basin." Hydrological Processes 32, no. 6: 759-775.

Article
Published: 01 December 2016 in International Journal of Climatology
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Information on trends and changes in moisture conditions over a region can help policymakers to develop strategies for water resources and disaster risk management. In this study, the spatiotemporal variation of moisture indices and their annual trends in Nigeria were investigated. Thornthwaite moisture index (MI), the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and the standardized precipitation-evapotranspiration index (SPEI) were computed for 1951–2014 period. Mann–Kendall trend and Sen's slope tests were used to examine the existence of temporal and spatial changes in these indices. MI decreased with increasing latitude and values ranged from −86 in the extreme north to +62 in the eastern part of the Niger Delta. A total of 73.4% of the landscape is under conditions where water supply is generally below the evaporative demand and only 26.6% of the area falls within wet sub-humid and humid regimes. Significant downward trends were observed for all the moisture indices in most of the zones. In general, negative trends were observed in 98.2% of the landscape for MI, 96.7% for SPI and 98.2% for SPEI, showing drying tendencies over Nigeria. Between 40 and 50% of the land area is manifesting persistent shift towards aridity. Observed trends in MI is strongly correlated with that of SPI (r = 0.805) and SPEI (r = 0.715) and correlation of 0.886 was found between changes in SPI and SPEI. Rainfall generally showed higher and significant correlations with MI and slopes of all moisture indices. This information could help policymakers to develop appropriate coping and mitigation strategies for the most vulnerable areas.

ACS Style

Philip G. Oguntunde; Gunnar Lischeid; Babatunde J. Abiodun; Ottfried Dietrich. Analysis of long-term dry and wet conditions over Nigeria. International Journal of Climatology 2016, 37, 3577 -3586.

AMA Style

Philip G. Oguntunde, Gunnar Lischeid, Babatunde J. Abiodun, Ottfried Dietrich. Analysis of long-term dry and wet conditions over Nigeria. International Journal of Climatology. 2016; 37 (9):3577-3586.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philip G. Oguntunde; Gunnar Lischeid; Babatunde J. Abiodun; Ottfried Dietrich. 2016. "Analysis of long-term dry and wet conditions over Nigeria." International Journal of Climatology 37, no. 9: 3577-3586.

Journal article
Published: 26 September 2015 in Water Resources Research
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ACS Style

Marcus Fahle; Tobias Hohenbrink; Ottfried Dietrich; Gunnar Lischeid. Temporal variability of the optimal monitoring setup assessed using information theory. Water Resources Research 2015, 51, 7723 -7743.

AMA Style

Marcus Fahle, Tobias Hohenbrink, Ottfried Dietrich, Gunnar Lischeid. Temporal variability of the optimal monitoring setup assessed using information theory. Water Resources Research. 2015; 51 (9):7723-7743.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcus Fahle; Tobias Hohenbrink; Ottfried Dietrich; Gunnar Lischeid. 2015. "Temporal variability of the optimal monitoring setup assessed using information theory." Water Resources Research 51, no. 9: 7723-7743.

Journal article
Published: 01 February 2015 in Journal of Hydrology
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ACS Style

Björn Thomas; Gunnar Lischeid; Jörg Steidl; Ottfried Dietrich. Long term shift of low flows predictors in small lowland catchments of Northeast Germany. Journal of Hydrology 2015, 521, 508 -519.

AMA Style

Björn Thomas, Gunnar Lischeid, Jörg Steidl, Ottfried Dietrich. Long term shift of low flows predictors in small lowland catchments of Northeast Germany. Journal of Hydrology. 2015; 521 ():508-519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Björn Thomas; Gunnar Lischeid; Jörg Steidl; Ottfried Dietrich. 2015. "Long term shift of low flows predictors in small lowland catchments of Northeast Germany." Journal of Hydrology 521, no. : 508-519.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2014 in Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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ACS Style

Philip Oguntunde; Gunnar Lischeid; Babatunde J. Abiodun; Ottfried Dietrich. Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in onset, cessation and length of growing season in Nigeria. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 2014, 194, 77 -87.

AMA Style

Philip Oguntunde, Gunnar Lischeid, Babatunde J. Abiodun, Ottfried Dietrich. Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in onset, cessation and length of growing season in Nigeria. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 2014; 194 ():77-87.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Philip Oguntunde; Gunnar Lischeid; Babatunde J. Abiodun; Ottfried Dietrich. 2014. "Analysis of spatial and temporal patterns in onset, cessation and length of growing season in Nigeria." Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 194, no. : 77-87.

Book chapter
Published: 05 October 2013 in Soil and Recycling Management in the Anthropocene Era
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Changes in the water balance in landscapes can be easily observed by measuring water levels, runoff, etc. Determining the causes of changes in the water balance is much more difficult, because of the complex interrelations between the interacting hydrological processes. However, revealing the causes and processes is necessary to understand the source of changes and to evaluate management options. With the help of modelling and scenario analyses, it is possible to differentiate between the effects of, for example, land use/land cover and climate on the water balance, taking the underlying hydrological processes into consideration. Two case studies are presented: the Ngerengere river catchment in Tanzania, Africa and a forested area in North-East Germany. In these areas the observed water balance has changed considerably in the last few decades. The influence of climate conditions and land use change are analysed and determined with the help of the SWAT model, the WaSiM-ETH model and statistical analyses. Both the suitability and the limitations of this methodology of model-based impact analysis are demonstrated.

ACS Style

Marco Natkhin; Ralf Dannowski; Ottfried Dietrich; Jörg Steidl; Gunnar Lischeid. Model-Based Impact Analysis of Climate and Land Use Changes on the Landscape Water Balance. Soil and Recycling Management in the Anthropocene Era 2013, 577 -590.

AMA Style

Marco Natkhin, Ralf Dannowski, Ottfried Dietrich, Jörg Steidl, Gunnar Lischeid. Model-Based Impact Analysis of Climate and Land Use Changes on the Landscape Water Balance. Soil and Recycling Management in the Anthropocene Era. 2013; ():577-590.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marco Natkhin; Ralf Dannowski; Ottfried Dietrich; Jörg Steidl; Gunnar Lischeid. 2013. "Model-Based Impact Analysis of Climate and Land Use Changes on the Landscape Water Balance." Soil and Recycling Management in the Anthropocene Era , no. : 577-590.

Article
Published: 01 June 2013 in Irrigation and Drainage
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Reliable hydrological monitoring is the basis for sound water management in drained wetlands. Since statistical methods cannot be employed for unobserved or sparsely monitored areas, the primary design (first set-up) may be arbitrary in most instances. The objective of this paper is therefore to provide a guideline for designing the initial hydrological monitoring network. A scheme is developed that handles different parts of monitoring and hydrometry in wetlands, focusing on the positioning of surface water and groundwater gauges. For placement of the former, control units are used which correspond to areas whose water levels can be regulated separately. The latter are arranged depending on hydrological response units, defined by combinations of soil type and land use, and the chosen surface water monitoring sites. A practical application of the approach is shown for an investigation area in the Spreewald region in north-east Germany. The presented scheme leaves a certain degree of freedom to its user, allowing the inclusion of expert knowledge or special concerns. Based on easily obtainable data, the developed hydrological network serves as a first step in the iterative procedure of monitoring network optimisation. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.RÉSUMÉUn suivi hydrologique fiable est à la base de la gestion de l'eau dans les zones humides drainées. Les méthodes statistiques ne pouvant être appliquées sur des systèmes non observés ou peu observés, le dimensionnement initial d'un réseau de mesure est la plupart du temps arbitraire. Ainsi, l'objectif de cet article est de fournir un cadre méthodologique pour le dimensionnement d'un premier réseau de suivi hydrologique. Un schéma de suivi de différentes variables hydrologiques et de l'hydrométrie dans les zones humides est élaboré en se focalisant sur le positionnement des stations limnimétriques et piézométriques. Pour les eaux de surface, les stations de mesure sont positionnées sur la base des unités de contrôle correspondant aux zones dont les niveaux d'eau peuvent être régulés séparément. Les piézomètres sont placés en fonction des unités de réponse hydrologique, définies par les combinaisons de types de sol, de l'occupation du sol, et des sites sélectionnés pour la surveillance des eaux de surface. Le cadre méthodologique proposé est appliqué sur un site de recherche situé dans la région de la Spreewald, dans le Nord-Est de l'Allemagne. Le schéma présenté offre un certain degré de liberté à l'utilisateur, permettant l'intégration de connaissances expertes ou de problématiques particulières, par exemple relatives à la qualité de l'eau. Le réseau de suivi hydrologique résultant peut être développé sur la base d'un jeu de données limité et servir ainsi de premier niveau dans une procédure itérative d'optimisation du réseau de mesures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

ACS Style

Marcus Fahle; Ottfried Dietrich; Gunnar Lischeid. A GUIDELINE FOR DEVELOPING AN INITIAL HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING NETWORK AS A BASIS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN ARTIFICIALLY DRAINED WETLANDS. Irrigation and Drainage 2013, 62, 1 .

AMA Style

Marcus Fahle, Ottfried Dietrich, Gunnar Lischeid. A GUIDELINE FOR DEVELOPING AN INITIAL HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING NETWORK AS A BASIS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN ARTIFICIALLY DRAINED WETLANDS. Irrigation and Drainage. 2013; 62 (4):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Marcus Fahle; Ottfried Dietrich; Gunnar Lischeid. 2013. "A GUIDELINE FOR DEVELOPING AN INITIAL HYDROLOGICAL MONITORING NETWORK AS A BASIS FOR WATER MANAGEMENT IN ARTIFICIALLY DRAINED WETLANDS." Irrigation and Drainage 62, no. 4: 1.

Review article
Published: 13 October 2011 in Journal of Hydrology
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In parts of the mid-latitudes, mitigation of critical low flows is becoming a major concern for science and water management institutions. Hydrological catchment models run with input data from global or regional climate models reveal decreasing minimum flow during the summer months. Small catchments (<500 km2) will be affected first. This is because even minor changes in precipitation and temperature will have a considerable impact on stream flow due to the low storage capacity and often faster reaction time of the groundwater bodies. Even a small decrease in low flow will increase the risk of water levels falling below ecologically or economically required minimum flows or even of rivers drying up. Mitigation will be necessary to prevent ecological degradation and water use conflicts. The literature on measures that increase water yield or enhance temporal water storage is reviewed. Studies focusing on measures in small catchments are scarce. For this reason, studies on larger scales and storm water retention are also included. Such measures have to be adapted to the conditions in small catchments and evaluated with regard to the aim of ensuring minimum runoff. Measures differ with respect to such aspects as the effective volume, time scale, controllability and conflict potential. Considering these criteria, an evaluation matrix is compiled which can be used to help draw up research and water management plans. Since current concepts to integrate low flow and storm water protection are inadequate, modeling tools and decision support systems that represent measures to ensure minimum runoff need to be developed and refined.

ACS Style

Björn Thomas; Jörg Steidl; Ottfried Dietrich; Gunnar Lischeid. Measures to sustain seasonal minimum runoff in small catchments in the mid-latitudes: A review. Journal of Hydrology 2011, 408, 296 -307.

AMA Style

Björn Thomas, Jörg Steidl, Ottfried Dietrich, Gunnar Lischeid. Measures to sustain seasonal minimum runoff in small catchments in the mid-latitudes: A review. Journal of Hydrology. 2011; 408 (3-4):296-307.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Björn Thomas; Jörg Steidl; Ottfried Dietrich; Gunnar Lischeid. 2011. "Measures to sustain seasonal minimum runoff in small catchments in the mid-latitudes: A review." Journal of Hydrology 408, no. 3-4: 296-307.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2010 in Advances in Water Resources
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ACS Style

Gunnar Lischeid; Marco Natkhin; Jörg Steidl; Ottfried Dietrich; Ralf Dannowski; Christoph Merz. Assessing coupling between lakes and layered aquifers in a complex Pleistocene landscape based on water level dynamics. Advances in Water Resources 2010, 33, 1331 -1339.

AMA Style

Gunnar Lischeid, Marco Natkhin, Jörg Steidl, Ottfried Dietrich, Ralf Dannowski, Christoph Merz. Assessing coupling between lakes and layered aquifers in a complex Pleistocene landscape based on water level dynamics. Advances in Water Resources. 2010; 33 (11):1331-1339.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gunnar Lischeid; Marco Natkhin; Jörg Steidl; Ottfried Dietrich; Ralf Dannowski; Christoph Merz. 2010. "Assessing coupling between lakes and layered aquifers in a complex Pleistocene landscape based on water level dynamics." Advances in Water Resources 33, no. 11: 1331-1339.