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Prof. Xavier Romão
University of Porto - Faculty of Engineering

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0 Vulnerability Assessment
0 multihazard risk
0 disaster impact assessment
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Review
Published: 30 April 2021 in International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction
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Indicator-based methods are able to provide a simple and reliable way to assess the level of fire risk of existing constructions. While many of these methods were not developed for cultural heritage assets, those that were often involve indicators connected to provisions defined by standards that are only valid in certain countries. As such, a method with the required versatility to analyse the fire safety of cultural heritage assets is still needed. Developing a method with the necessary characteristics requires a prior review of existing approaches to understand their strengths and weaknesses. A review of existing indicator-based methods for fire risk assessment is, therefore, presented, covering methods applicable to built cultural heritage assets and other types of constructions. In addition, the review also analyses existing fire safety guidelines and recommendations dedicated to cultural heritage assets. As an outcome, the review proposes twenty-two vulnerability indicators grouped into four categories that can be used to develop a fire risk assessment method dedicated to built cultural heritage assets. The review also establishes a classification of cultural heritage assets according to four classes that focus on their fire vulnerability and discusses the applicability of the proposed indicators.

ACS Style

L. Gerardo F. Salazar; Xavier Romão; Esmeralda Paupério. Review of vulnerability indicators for fire risk assessment in cultural heritage. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 2021, 60, 102286 .

AMA Style

L. Gerardo F. Salazar, Xavier Romão, Esmeralda Paupério. Review of vulnerability indicators for fire risk assessment in cultural heritage. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2021; 60 ():102286.

Chicago/Turabian Style

L. Gerardo F. Salazar; Xavier Romão; Esmeralda Paupério. 2021. "Review of vulnerability indicators for fire risk assessment in cultural heritage." International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 60, no. : 102286.

Chapter
Published: 28 April 2021 in Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials
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Further analyses and results are presented and discussed in order to provide additional information and justifications regarding the efficiency of the investigation strategy proposed by the Recommendations and these guidelines. These additional results are obtained from an extensive simulation study based on the case study described in Chap. 8 that accounts for the randomness of the assessment process and of the concrete properties. The presented results address the assessment of the Test Result Precision (TRP) level, the assessment of the mean strength and strength standard deviation of concrete, and look at the effect of uncertainty on the values of the conversion model parameters and the resulting prediction error. Furthermore, other analyses address the differences resulting from using different TRPs, from selecting different Estimation Quality Levels (EQL), from using different methods to select the location of cores to be extracted (i.e. predefined coring or conditional coring), from considering the bi-objective approach to determine the variability of concrete, and from combining two NDT techniques.

ACS Style

Xavier Romão; Denys Breysse; Jean-Paul Balayssac; David Corbett. For Those Who Want to Go Further. Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials 2021, 359 -377.

AMA Style

Xavier Romão, Denys Breysse, Jean-Paul Balayssac, David Corbett. For Those Who Want to Go Further. Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials. 2021; ():359-377.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xavier Romão; Denys Breysse; Jean-Paul Balayssac; David Corbett. 2021. "For Those Who Want to Go Further." Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials , no. : 359-377.

Chapter
Published: 28 April 2021 in Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials
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When analyzing real data sets, observations different from the majority of the data are sometimes found. These observations are usually called outliers and can be defined as individual data values that are numerically distant from the rest of the sample, thus masking its probability distribution. Outliers require special attention because they can have a significant impact in the concrete strength estimation process and because they may signal the presence of a different concrete population that deserves a separate assessment. The two-step process involved in an outlier analysis (outlier identification and outlier handling) is presented, discussing several statistical methodologies that are available for its implementation. To illustrate the application of an outlier analysis, examples involving univariate and multivariate datasets are presented. Several statistical methodologies are implemented for outlier identification, while outlier handling is illustrated by using robust statistics, i.e. outlier accommodation approaches that reduce the effect of existing outliers on the outcomes of statistical analyses of the data.

ACS Style

Xavier Romão; Emilia Vasanelli. Identification and Processing of Outliers. Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials 2021, 161 -180.

AMA Style

Xavier Romão, Emilia Vasanelli. Identification and Processing of Outliers. Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials. 2021; ():161-180.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xavier Romão; Emilia Vasanelli. 2021. "Identification and Processing of Outliers." Bio-aggregates Based Building Materials , no. : 161-180.

Original article
Published: 08 April 2021 in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
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As part of the development of a European Seismic Risk Model 2020 (ESRM20), the spatial and temporal evolution of seismic design across Europe has been studied in order to better classify reinforced concrete buildings (which represent more than 30% of the approximately 145 million residential, commercial and industrial buildings in Europe) and map them to vulnerability models based on simulated seismic design. This paper summarises the model that has been developed to assign the years when different seismic design levels (low code, moderate code and high code) were introduced in a number of European countries and the associated lateral forces that were specified spatially within each country for the low and moderate codes for typical reinforced concrete mid-rise buildings. This process has led to an improved understanding of how design regulations evolved across Europe and how this has impacted the vulnerability of the European residential building stock. The model estimates that ~ 60% of the reinforced concrete buildings in Europe have been seismically designed, and of those buildings ~ 60% have been designed to low code, ~ 25% to moderate code and 15% to high code. This seismic design model aims at being a dynamic source of information that will be continuously updated with additional feedback from local experts and datasets. To this end, all of the data has been made openly available as shapefiles on a GitLab repository.

ACS Style

Helen Crowley; Venetia Despotaki; Vitor Silva; Jamal Dabbeek; Xavier Romão; Nuno Pereira; José Miguel Castro; James Daniell; Enes Veliu; Huseyin Bilgin; Christoph Adam; Manya Deyanova; Naida Ademović; Josip Atalic; Evi Riga; Anna Karatzetzou; Bjarni Bessason; Veronika Shendova; Alexandru Tiganescu; Dragos Toma-Danila; Zeljko Zugic; Sinan Akkar; Ufuk Hancilar. Model of seismic design lateral force levels for the existing reinforced concrete European building stock. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2021, 19, 2839 -2865.

AMA Style

Helen Crowley, Venetia Despotaki, Vitor Silva, Jamal Dabbeek, Xavier Romão, Nuno Pereira, José Miguel Castro, James Daniell, Enes Veliu, Huseyin Bilgin, Christoph Adam, Manya Deyanova, Naida Ademović, Josip Atalic, Evi Riga, Anna Karatzetzou, Bjarni Bessason, Veronika Shendova, Alexandru Tiganescu, Dragos Toma-Danila, Zeljko Zugic, Sinan Akkar, Ufuk Hancilar. Model of seismic design lateral force levels for the existing reinforced concrete European building stock. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2021; 19 (7):2839-2865.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Helen Crowley; Venetia Despotaki; Vitor Silva; Jamal Dabbeek; Xavier Romão; Nuno Pereira; José Miguel Castro; James Daniell; Enes Veliu; Huseyin Bilgin; Christoph Adam; Manya Deyanova; Naida Ademović; Josip Atalic; Evi Riga; Anna Karatzetzou; Bjarni Bessason; Veronika Shendova; Alexandru Tiganescu; Dragos Toma-Danila; Zeljko Zugic; Sinan Akkar; Ufuk Hancilar. 2021. "Model of seismic design lateral force levels for the existing reinforced concrete European building stock." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 7: 2839-2865.

Preprint content
Published: 04 March 2021
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Cultural heritage is universally recognized as an essential part of the socio-cultural and economic capital of a country. Current policies emphasize the strong contribution and cross-cutting nature of cultural heritage to achieve strategic goals for a smart, sustainable and inclusive growth. Furthermore, the important role that cultural heritage plays in creating and enhancing social capital has been particularly highlighted, as well as its economic impact. Nevertheless, natural hazards cause serious threats to cultural heritage, and severe damage and losses are recurrently seen to affect it due to these types of events. While such impacts can be seen to stem from a variety of sources, their physical characteristics play a significant role in their vulnerability to natural hazards. Therefore, it is imperative to explicitly consider cultural heritage in natural hazard risk reduction and management initiatives, from local to national and global scales, supported by rational and knowledge-based vulnerability and risk assessment studies.

However, the development of such assessments for a large number of cultural heritage assets in a region presents several challenges. Firstly, there is a shortage of methodological approaches to model the vulnerability and risk of cultural heritage assets to different natural hazards. Secondly, performing detailed vulnerability/risk analyses for every cultural heritage asset on a large scale (i.e. across a region or a country) would require resources that are unavailable in most cases. Finally, adequate post-disaster damage and loss data to support the development of methodologies is almost inexistent in this sector, namely due to a lack of approaches to do so, and to the difficulties in expressing intangible losses in quantitative terms.

In this context, this presentation will showcase recent advances in these fields developed within the ongoing research project RIACT (Risk Indicators for the Analysis of Cultural Heritage under Threat). These include the development of simple but robust approaches for the analysis of the vulnerability and risk of cultural heritage at various scales and their application in pilot case studies, the development of a database for collecting disaster damage and loss data in the cultural heritage sector, and the development of methodologies for cultural heritage disaster damage valuation and value-based post-disaster recovery prioritization. Ultimately, these research efforts aim to support stakeholders responsible for cultural heritage management and preservation in improving their adaptive capacity to plan for and respond to natural hazards.

ACS Style

Xavier Romão; Rui Figueiredo; Esmeralda Paupério; Gerardo Salazar; Olha Tikhonova. Natural hazard risk management for cultural heritage assets: advances in the context of the RIACT research project. 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Xavier Romão, Rui Figueiredo, Esmeralda Paupério, Gerardo Salazar, Olha Tikhonova. Natural hazard risk management for cultural heritage assets: advances in the context of the RIACT research project. . 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xavier Romão; Rui Figueiredo; Esmeralda Paupério; Gerardo Salazar; Olha Tikhonova. 2021. "Natural hazard risk management for cultural heritage assets: advances in the context of the RIACT research project." , no. : 1.

Book chapter
Published: 01 December 2020 in Estudos Cindínicos
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A redução do risco de catástrofe está entre os principais objetivos da Agenda 2030 para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável da ONU e está na base do Quadro de Sendai para a Redução do Risco de Catástrofe 2015-2030 (QSRRC) que defende uma gestão de riscos baseada na ciência e em informação robusta. Neste sentido, o progresso alcançado nas prioridades do QSRRC deve ser monitorizado com base num sistema de indicadores que refletem os impactos das catástrofes. Neste contexto, o presente capítulo discute alguns dos objetivos associados à recolha de dados sobre os impactos de catástrofes, alguns dos indicadores mais comuns e alguns dos desafios envolvidos nessa recolha. Adicionalmente, é apresentado o projeto europeu LODE atualmente em curso, bem como os seus objetivos e alguns dos seus desenvolvimentos nesta temática.

ACS Style

Xavier Romão; Esmeralda Paupério; Rui Figueiredo. A importância da informação sobre os impactos das catástrofes - enquadramento no projeto europeu LODE. Estudos Cindínicos 2020, 267 -282.

AMA Style

Xavier Romão, Esmeralda Paupério, Rui Figueiredo. A importância da informação sobre os impactos das catástrofes - enquadramento no projeto europeu LODE. Estudos Cindínicos. 2020; ():267-282.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xavier Romão; Esmeralda Paupério; Rui Figueiredo. 2020. "A importância da informação sobre os impactos das catástrofes - enquadramento no projeto europeu LODE." Estudos Cindínicos , no. : 267-282.

Journal article
Published: 24 July 2020 in Engineering Structures
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The proposed study analyses the performance of existing approaches to model the behaviour of partially infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames for computationally-intense performance-based earthquake engineering applications. The study addresses the use of reduction factors that are applied to the strength and the stiffness of a fully infilled masonry wall to account for the effect of an opening and also the application of a macro-model calibration procedure proposed in previous research to the case of partial infills. Several empirical expressions defining reduction factors are analysed and their performance is compared using real experimental data for different masonry infill typologies. Additionally, new reduction factors exhibiting a better performance are also proposed. Despite the reasonable performance of approaches based on reduction factors, their limitations are discussed and the performance of an alternative macro-model calibration procedure is also analysed. The behaviour of several partially infilled RC frames is simulated using both approaches and the results are compared with the corresponding experimental data. Even though the new reduction factors that are proposed exhibit a reasonable performance, the alternative macro-model calibration procedure showed a more consistent performance and a better agreement with experimental data to simulate the effect of openings in masonry infills.

ACS Style

HossamEldeen Mohamed; Xavier Romão. Analysis of the performance of strut models to simulate the seismic behaviour of masonry infills in partially infilled RC frames. Engineering Structures 2020, 222, 111124 .

AMA Style

HossamEldeen Mohamed, Xavier Romão. Analysis of the performance of strut models to simulate the seismic behaviour of masonry infills in partially infilled RC frames. Engineering Structures. 2020; 222 ():111124.

Chicago/Turabian Style

HossamEldeen Mohamed; Xavier Romão. 2020. "Analysis of the performance of strut models to simulate the seismic behaviour of masonry infills in partially infilled RC frames." Engineering Structures 222, no. : 111124.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in Engineering Structures
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Estimating the extent of reinforced concrete (RC) frame components that may be damaged after an earthquake and the corresponding connection with the physical mechanisms that lead to damage accumulation is of the upmost importance when deciding retrofitting solutions, evaluating the potential repair cost or when selecting a nonlinear modelling technique to be used in seismic demand quantifications. However, relevant criteria to quantify this length (the damage localization length, LD) are still not well defined, leading to the usual adoption of the equivalent plastic hinge length as a reference value for it. To provide further insights on this issue, a mechanical interpretation of the different mechanisms contributing to the damage localization at LD is provided. These mechanisms are formulated in terms of the size-dependent behaviour of the constitutive materials at their ultimate state, namely the strength and stiffness deterioration of the concrete and reinforcing steel compressive and tensile responses. Furthermore, a database including multiple experimental records of the length where substantial damage was observed in RC frame components is compiled from the technical literature. The experimental data is used to assess the adequacy of each of the referred mechanisms to model the observed damage patterns. Recommendations are then made on the most adequate way to quantify LD depending on the characteristics of different RC frame components.

ACS Style

Nuno Pereira; Xavier Romão. Damage localization length in RC frame components: Mechanical analysis and experimental observations. Engineering Structures 2020, 221, 111026 .

AMA Style

Nuno Pereira, Xavier Romão. Damage localization length in RC frame components: Mechanical analysis and experimental observations. Engineering Structures. 2020; 221 ():111026.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nuno Pereira; Xavier Romão. 2020. "Damage localization length in RC frame components: Mechanical analysis and experimental observations." Engineering Structures 221, no. : 111026.

Journal article
Published: 10 June 2020 in Journal of Building Engineering
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In-situ concrete strength assessment is commonly based on the implementation of Non-Destructive Tests (NDT) and coring of several specimens for Destructive Tests (DT). The most widely used non-destructive (ND) techniques are rebound hammer and ultrasonic pulse velocity. From the resulting data of NDT and compressive strength test results on specimens, a conversion law is identified which can then be used to estimate the compressive strength at any location in the structure. Since this process is very sensitive to many uncertainty sources, recent RILEM recommendations have revised the assessment paradigm by considering it in a probabilistic framework. The challenge is no longer to estimate the true concrete strength, but to limit the risk of a wrong estimation within a certain admissible interval. In this context, it is shown how synthetic simulations are used to capture the main features of this problem and are a firm basis for justifying the relationship between the most influencing parameters and the quality of the assessment. In addition, the effect of conditional coring, which consists in the selection of coring positions on the basis of previous NDT results, is highlighted and quantified. Finally, the methodology that makes possible to define the required number of cores for a given target accuracy is presented.

ACS Style

Denys Breysse; Xavier Romão; Maitham Alwash; Zoubir Mehdi Sbartaï; Vincenza A.M. Luprano. Risk evaluation on concrete strength assessment with NDT technique and conditional coring approach. Journal of Building Engineering 2020, 32, 101541 .

AMA Style

Denys Breysse, Xavier Romão, Maitham Alwash, Zoubir Mehdi Sbartaï, Vincenza A.M. Luprano. Risk evaluation on concrete strength assessment with NDT technique and conditional coring approach. Journal of Building Engineering. 2020; 32 ():101541.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Denys Breysse; Xavier Romão; Maitham Alwash; Zoubir Mehdi Sbartaï; Vincenza A.M. Luprano. 2020. "Risk evaluation on concrete strength assessment with NDT technique and conditional coring approach." Journal of Building Engineering 32, no. : 101541.

Editorials
Published: 12 May 2020 in International Journal of Architectural Heritage
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ACS Style

Tiago M. Ferreira; Xavier Romão; Paulo B. Lourenço; Esmeralda Paupério; Nuno Martins. Risk and Resilience in Practice: Cultural Heritage Buildings. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 2020, 15, 973 -975.

AMA Style

Tiago M. Ferreira, Xavier Romão, Paulo B. Lourenço, Esmeralda Paupério, Nuno Martins. Risk and Resilience in Practice: Cultural Heritage Buildings. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 2020; 15 (7):973-975.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tiago M. Ferreira; Xavier Romão; Paulo B. Lourenço; Esmeralda Paupério; Nuno Martins. 2020. "Risk and Resilience in Practice: Cultural Heritage Buildings." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 15, no. 7: 973-975.

Journal article
Published: 18 March 2020 in Engineering Structures
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The assessment of the vulnerability of buildings subjected to earthquake-induced liquefaction requires the definition of an integrated damage scale accounting both for ground motion damage and permanent ground movements. The latter can cause rigid-body settlements and tilt of the building, but also flexural demand on members due to the differential settlement of isolated shallow footings. The magnitude of those differential settlements should be estimated based on probabilistic approaches and appropriate modelling of the different sources of uncertainty associated to the phenomenon, especially in the case of liquefiable deposits. Nevertheless, most of the existing procedures to estimate differential settlements rely only on soil characteristics, thus neglecting the influence of the building stiffness on the soil-structure interaction. Such an assumption may result in code-conforming rigid reinforced concrete (RC) frames showing unrealistically high vulnerability. In the present work, representative values of the members’ initial flexural demand due to differential settlement are proposed based on simplified modelling of the soil and structure variability and on a preliminary assumption of seismic forces’ distribution. A simple procedure is developed that relies on the structure-to-soil stiffness ratio and the equivalent soil heterogeneity under shallow footings. The methodology is calibrated using parametric linear analyses for a set of planar RC frames, and the estimated member demand due to differential settlements is related to the expected demand due to the seismic action considering different intensities. Results show that, in most cases, the relevance of the potential increment of the initial member flexural demand due to differential settlements may not be very severe when compared to the seismic demand. As such, more simplified approaches could be considered for damage assessment of the combined effects, namely those where differential settlements are accounted for separate to the seismic and rigid-body demand.

ACS Style

Fernando Gómez-Martínez; Maxim Millen; Pedro Alves Costa; Xavier Romão. Estimation of the potential relevance of differential settlements in earthquake-induced liquefaction damage assessment. Engineering Structures 2020, 211, 110232 .

AMA Style

Fernando Gómez-Martínez, Maxim Millen, Pedro Alves Costa, Xavier Romão. Estimation of the potential relevance of differential settlements in earthquake-induced liquefaction damage assessment. Engineering Structures. 2020; 211 ():110232.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernando Gómez-Martínez; Maxim Millen; Pedro Alves Costa; Xavier Romão. 2020. "Estimation of the potential relevance of differential settlements in earthquake-induced liquefaction damage assessment." Engineering Structures 211, no. : 110232.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2019 in Journal of Cultural Heritage
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In a global context of increasing flood risk, the development of risk assessments that can effectively support disaster risk management strategies and policies is crucial. This is particularly relevant in the case of cultural heritage, given its socioeconomic value. Although there is a substantial body of literature on the topics of cultural heritage preservation and natural hazard impact mitigation in cultural heritage, the applicability of such studies is usually limited to single assets or sites. The assessment of cultural heritage flood risk at large spatial scales has received little research attention, which contrasts with the importance of the topic. This paper proposes a novel framework to perform semi-quantitative flood risk assessments to immovable cultural heritage assets in a large region, such as a country. The proposed framework employs various scientifically established concepts from the field of natural hazard risk in order to support the computation of coherent and comparable flood risk indices for each exposed asset. This framework can be used to provide a preliminary assessment of risk for a large number of cultural heritage assets with limited resources, as well as to identify those that warrant a more detailed evaluation of risk. The framework is illustrated through an application to immovable cultural heritage assets exposed to fluvial floods in mainland Portugal. This case study is used to discuss various issues related with data requirements, availability and reliability.

ACS Style

Rui Figueiredo; Xavier Romão; Esmeralda Paupério. Flood risk assessment of cultural heritage at large spatial scales: Framework and application to mainland Portugal. Journal of Cultural Heritage 2019, 43, 163 -174.

AMA Style

Rui Figueiredo, Xavier Romão, Esmeralda Paupério. Flood risk assessment of cultural heritage at large spatial scales: Framework and application to mainland Portugal. Journal of Cultural Heritage. 2019; 43 ():163-174.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rui Figueiredo; Xavier Romão; Esmeralda Paupério. 2019. "Flood risk assessment of cultural heritage at large spatial scales: Framework and application to mainland Portugal." Journal of Cultural Heritage 43, no. : 163-174.

Original research
Published: 03 October 2019 in Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering
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The accurate determination of demand during the seismic analysis of buildings requires that all factors having a significant contribution must be accounted for. The present study examines the effect of the angle of seismic incidence of earthquake ground motions on the inelastic demand of reinforced concrete buildings and defines its significance for different engineering applications, including both deterministic and probabilistic analyses. Three commonly used engineering demand parameters are examined by analysing three statistics obtained from their empirical distributions at several intensity levels. The results show that the influence of the angle of seismic incidence is different for the three statistics, and that this effect depends also on the engineering demand parameter under consideration. Central tendencies of the demand appear to be less affected by the angle of seismic incidence when compared to its variability, thus showing the potentially larger influence of the angle of seismic incidence for probabilistic analyses rather than for standard-based (i.e. deterministic) applications. Finally, recommendations on the minimum number of angles of seismic incidence that should be considered are given as a function of the number of ground motions used in the analysis.

ACS Style

Despoina Skoulidou; Xavier Romão. The significance of considering multiple angles of seismic incidence for estimating engineering demand parameters. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 2019, 18, 139 -163.

AMA Style

Despoina Skoulidou, Xavier Romão. The significance of considering multiple angles of seismic incidence for estimating engineering demand parameters. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering. 2019; 18 (1):139-163.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Despoina Skoulidou; Xavier Romão. 2019. "The significance of considering multiple angles of seismic incidence for estimating engineering demand parameters." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 1: 139-163.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 2019 in International Journal of Architectural Heritage
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ACS Style

Xavier Romão; Esmeralda Paupério. An Indicator for Post-disaster Economic Loss Valuation of Impacts on Cultural Heritage. International Journal of Architectural Heritage 2019, 15, 678 -697.

AMA Style

Xavier Romão, Esmeralda Paupério. An Indicator for Post-disaster Economic Loss Valuation of Impacts on Cultural Heritage. International Journal of Architectural Heritage. 2019; 15 (5):678-697.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xavier Romão; Esmeralda Paupério. 2019. "An Indicator for Post-disaster Economic Loss Valuation of Impacts on Cultural Heritage." International Journal of Architectural Heritage 15, no. 5: 678-697.

Journal article
Published: 31 July 2019 in Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics
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ACS Style

Despoina Skoulidou; Xavier Romão; Paolo Franchin. How is collapse risk of RC buildings affected by the angle of seismic incidence? Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 2019, 48, 1575 -1594.

AMA Style

Despoina Skoulidou, Xavier Romão, Paolo Franchin. How is collapse risk of RC buildings affected by the angle of seismic incidence? Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics. 2019; 48 (14):1575-1594.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Despoina Skoulidou; Xavier Romão; Paolo Franchin. 2019. "How is collapse risk of RC buildings affected by the angle of seismic incidence?" Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 48, no. 14: 1575-1594.

Journal article
Published: 13 June 2019 in Engineering Structures
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When evaluating the probabilistic seismic performance of a structure in the context of Performance-Based Earthquake Engineering (PBEE) applications, only estimates of the true response are obtained due to the finite size of the group of records selected to represent the seismic scenario. The proposed study examines the variability of these estimates, in terms of fragility parameters and failure rates, by implementing a procedure that creates seismic scenario-consistent groups of records based on regrouping criteria applied to a larger set of records. The results are then compared to those obtained from a statistical approach based on the bootstrap resampling procedure, whose validity is disputed due to its incompatibility with common applications involving probabilistic seismic performance assessment. Given that bootstrap resampling assumes that each bootstrap sample is random, this condition is incompatible with requirements involving the need to match specific spectral statistics of the group of records with a target spectrum. Due to the increased computational cost of the procedure based on regrouping criteria, the effect of this incompatibility is analysed by examining the agreement between the two procedures for several case studies and the conditions under which bootstrap resampling leads to a reduced level of error. Further insights about the variability of the estimates are obtained by analysing scenarios with deterministic and probabilistic thresholds of the limit state capacity. Among other aspects, the results show that, for both capacity thresholds, bootstrap resampling can provide acceptable results as long as a sufficient number of ground motions and number of stripes are used.

ACS Style

Despoina Skoulidou; Xavier Romão. Uncertainty quantification of fragility and risk estimates due to seismic input variability and capacity model uncertainty. Engineering Structures 2019, 195, 425 -437.

AMA Style

Despoina Skoulidou, Xavier Romão. Uncertainty quantification of fragility and risk estimates due to seismic input variability and capacity model uncertainty. Engineering Structures. 2019; 195 ():425-437.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Despoina Skoulidou; Xavier Romão. 2019. "Uncertainty quantification of fragility and risk estimates due to seismic input variability and capacity model uncertainty." Engineering Structures 195, no. : 425-437.

Research article
Published: 23 October 2018 in Wind Engineering
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This article presents a methodology to assess the reliability of dynamic scour protections used to protect offshore wind turbine foundations. The computed probabilities of failure are based on a dataset of 124 months of hindcast data from the Horns Rev 3 offshore wind farm. Copula-based models are used to obtain the joint distribution function of the significant wave height and spectral peak period and to obtain the probability of failure of scour protections. The sensitivity of the probability of failure to each model is addressed. The influence of the duration of the waves’ time series is also studied. A sensitivity analysis of the probability of failure to physical constraints, such as the water depth, current’s velocity or the mean diameter of the armour units, is performed. The results show that probability of failure is dependent on the copula used to model the spectral parameters and the associated value of Kendall’s τ. It is shown that the copula presenting the best values of Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) did not lead to the probabilities of failure that are closer to the non-parametric estimation, obtained by means of the bivariate version of the Kernel density estimation method. The application to the case study led to annual probabilities of failure, which are comparable with the values applied for other offshore components, according to the current offshore wind industry standards.

ACS Style

T Fazeres-Ferradosa; Francisco Taveira-Pinto; Xavier Romão; Mt Reis; Luciana das Neves. Reliability assessment of offshore dynamic scour protections using copulas. Wind Engineering 2018, 43, 506 -538.

AMA Style

T Fazeres-Ferradosa, Francisco Taveira-Pinto, Xavier Romão, Mt Reis, Luciana das Neves. Reliability assessment of offshore dynamic scour protections using copulas. Wind Engineering. 2018; 43 (5):506-538.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T Fazeres-Ferradosa; Francisco Taveira-Pinto; Xavier Romão; Mt Reis; Luciana das Neves. 2018. "Reliability assessment of offshore dynamic scour protections using copulas." Wind Engineering 43, no. 5: 506-538.

Articles
Published: 01 October 2018 in Journal of Earthquake Engineering
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Masonry-infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames are a widely adopted building system. Although usually disregarded in design, masonry infills are known to affect the behavior of structures under earthquake loading. Adequate numerical models are therefore required to perform realistic analyses of their behavior under earthquakes. In this context, macro-models are known to be efficient tools for this purpose but their properties need to be calibrated using adequate data and procedures to obtain realistic results. In light of this, procedures to calibrate and define the main parameters of different types of macro-models representing the behavior of masonry infills are proposed. The calibration procedures are first presented for the case of single strut models and are then extended for macro-models with different configurations. The validity and performance of the procedures are then tested for several case studies using experimental data from different RC infilled frame specimens.

ACS Style

HossamEldeen Mohamed; Xavier Romão. Robust Calibration of Macro-Models for the In-Plane Behavior of Masonry Infilled RC Frames. Journal of Earthquake Engineering 2018, 25, 407 -433.

AMA Style

HossamEldeen Mohamed, Xavier Romão. Robust Calibration of Macro-Models for the In-Plane Behavior of Masonry Infilled RC Frames. Journal of Earthquake Engineering. 2018; 25 (3):407-433.

Chicago/Turabian Style

HossamEldeen Mohamed; Xavier Romão. 2018. "Robust Calibration of Macro-Models for the In-Plane Behavior of Masonry Infilled RC Frames." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 25, no. 3: 407-433.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2018 in Engineering Failure Analysis
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Scour protection is an important component of fixed bottom foundations for offshore wind turbines. Depending on the hydrodynamic conditions, they might be indispensable to avoid the structural collapse of the foundation due to scour phenomena. The design of scour protections is typically deterministic, which often results in overestimated mean diameters of the armour layer. Moreover, the design methodologies currently applied do not provide a measure of safety associated with the proposed design. The present research proposes a novel methodology to assess the safety of the protection and to perform the probabilistic design of static and dynamic scour protections. A case study based on Horns Rev. 3 offshore wind farm is used to show how to select the mean stone diameter according to a pre-defined probability of failure of the protection. The results show that a dynamic scour protection could be safely designed with a reduction of the mean stone diameter up to 15 cm, when compared with the statically stable protection.

ACS Style

T. Fazeres-Ferradosa; F. Taveira-Pinto; X. Romão; E. Vanem; M.T. Reis; L. das Neves. Probabilistic design and reliability analysis of scour protections for offshore windfarms. Engineering Failure Analysis 2018, 91, 291 -305.

AMA Style

T. Fazeres-Ferradosa, F. Taveira-Pinto, X. Romão, E. Vanem, M.T. Reis, L. das Neves. Probabilistic design and reliability analysis of scour protections for offshore windfarms. Engineering Failure Analysis. 2018; 91 ():291-305.

Chicago/Turabian Style

T. Fazeres-Ferradosa; F. Taveira-Pinto; X. Romão; E. Vanem; M.T. Reis; L. das Neves. 2018. "Probabilistic design and reliability analysis of scour protections for offshore windfarms." Engineering Failure Analysis 91, no. : 291-305.

Preprint content
Published: 26 July 2018
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We argue that making accept/reject decisions on scientific hypotheses, including a recent call for changing the canonical alpha level from p= .05 to .005, is deleterious for the finding of new discoveries and the progress of science. Given that blanket and variable alpha levels both are problematic, it is sensible to dispense with significance testing altogether. There are alternatives that address study design and sample size much more directly than significance testing does; but none of the statistical tools should be taken as the new magic method giving clear-cut mechanical answers. Inference should not be based on single studies at all, but on cumulative evidence from multiple independent studies. When evaluating the strength of the evidence, we should consider, for example, auxiliary assumptions, the strength of the experimental design, and implications for applications. To boil all this down to a binary decision based on a p-value threshold of .05, .01, .005, or anything else, is not acceptable.

ACS Style

David Trafimow; Valentin Amrhein; Corson N. Areshenkoff; Carlos Barrera-Causil; Eric J. Beh; Yusuf Bilgiç; Roser Bono; Michael T. Bradley; William M. Briggs; Héctor A. Cepeda-Freyre; Sergio E. Chaigneau; Daniel R. Ciocca; Juan Carlos Correa; Denis Cousineau; Michiel R. De Boer; Subhra Sankar Dhar; Igor Dolgov; Juana Gómez-Benito; Marian Grendar; James Grice; Martin E. Guerrero-Gimenez; Andrés Gutiérrez; Tania B. Huedo-Medina; Klaus Jaffe; Armina Janyan; Ali Karimnezhad; Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt; Koji Kosugi; Martin Lachmair; Rubén Ledesma; Roberto Limongi; Marco Tullio Liuzza; Rosaria Lombardo; Michael Marks; Gunther Meinlschmidt; Ladislas Nalborczyk; Hung T. Nguyen; Raydonal Ospina; Jose D. Perezgonzalez; Roland Pfister; Juan José Rahona; David A. Rodríguez-Medina; Xavier Romão; Susana Ruiz-Fernández; Isabel Suarez; Marion Tegethoff; Mauricio Tejo; Rens Van De Schoot; Ivan Vankov; Santiago Velasco-Forero; Tonghui Wang; Yuki Yamada; Felipe C. Zoppino; Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos. Manipulating the alpha level cannot cure significance testing. 2018, 1 .

AMA Style

David Trafimow, Valentin Amrhein, Corson N. Areshenkoff, Carlos Barrera-Causil, Eric J. Beh, Yusuf Bilgiç, Roser Bono, Michael T. Bradley, William M. Briggs, Héctor A. Cepeda-Freyre, Sergio E. Chaigneau, Daniel R. Ciocca, Juan Carlos Correa, Denis Cousineau, Michiel R. De Boer, Subhra Sankar Dhar, Igor Dolgov, Juana Gómez-Benito, Marian Grendar, James Grice, Martin E. Guerrero-Gimenez, Andrés Gutiérrez, Tania B. Huedo-Medina, Klaus Jaffe, Armina Janyan, Ali Karimnezhad, Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt, Koji Kosugi, Martin Lachmair, Rubén Ledesma, Roberto Limongi, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Rosaria Lombardo, Michael Marks, Gunther Meinlschmidt, Ladislas Nalborczyk, Hung T. Nguyen, Raydonal Ospina, Jose D. Perezgonzalez, Roland Pfister, Juan José Rahona, David A. Rodríguez-Medina, Xavier Romão, Susana Ruiz-Fernández, Isabel Suarez, Marion Tegethoff, Mauricio Tejo, Rens Van De Schoot, Ivan Vankov, Santiago Velasco-Forero, Tonghui Wang, Yuki Yamada, Felipe C. Zoppino, Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos. Manipulating the alpha level cannot cure significance testing. . 2018; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Trafimow; Valentin Amrhein; Corson N. Areshenkoff; Carlos Barrera-Causil; Eric J. Beh; Yusuf Bilgiç; Roser Bono; Michael T. Bradley; William M. Briggs; Héctor A. Cepeda-Freyre; Sergio E. Chaigneau; Daniel R. Ciocca; Juan Carlos Correa; Denis Cousineau; Michiel R. De Boer; Subhra Sankar Dhar; Igor Dolgov; Juana Gómez-Benito; Marian Grendar; James Grice; Martin E. Guerrero-Gimenez; Andrés Gutiérrez; Tania B. Huedo-Medina; Klaus Jaffe; Armina Janyan; Ali Karimnezhad; Fränzi Korner-Nievergelt; Koji Kosugi; Martin Lachmair; Rubén Ledesma; Roberto Limongi; Marco Tullio Liuzza; Rosaria Lombardo; Michael Marks; Gunther Meinlschmidt; Ladislas Nalborczyk; Hung T. Nguyen; Raydonal Ospina; Jose D. Perezgonzalez; Roland Pfister; Juan José Rahona; David A. Rodríguez-Medina; Xavier Romão; Susana Ruiz-Fernández; Isabel Suarez; Marion Tegethoff; Mauricio Tejo; Rens Van De Schoot; Ivan Vankov; Santiago Velasco-Forero; Tonghui Wang; Yuki Yamada; Felipe C. Zoppino; Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos. 2018. "Manipulating the alpha level cannot cure significance testing." , no. : 1.