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Seung-A Baek
Division of Life Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, Incheon National University, Yeonsugu, Incheon 22012, Korea

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Journal article
Published: 20 November 2020 in Plants
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Plants are continuously exposed to abiotic and biotic factors that lead to wounding stress. Different plants exhibit diverse defense mechanisms through which various important metabolites are synthesized. Humans can exploit these mechanisms to improve the efficacy of existing drugs and to develop new ones. Most previous studies have focused on the effects of wounding stress on the different plant parts, such as leaves, stems, and roots. To date, however, no study has investigated the accumulation of primary and galantamine content following the exposure of a callus to wounding stress. Therefore, in the present study, we exposed Lycoris radiata calli to wounding stress and assessed the expression levels of several genes involved in metabolic pathways at various time points (0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure). Furthermore, we quantify the primary and galantamine content using gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry and the high-performance liquid chromatography qRT-PCR analysis of eight galantamine pathway genes (LrPAL-2, LrPAL-3, LrC4H-2, LrC3H, LrTYDC2, LrN4OMT, LrNNR, and LrCYP96T) revealed that seven genes, except LrN4OMT, were significantly expressed following exposure to wounding stress. Galantamine contents of calli after 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of exposure were respectively 2.5, 2.5, 3.5, 3.5, 5.0, 5.0, and 8.5 times higher than that after 0 h of exposure. Furthermore, a total of 48 hydrophilic metabolites were detected in the 0 h exposed callus and 96 h exposed callus using GC-TOFMS. In particular, a strong positive correlation between galantamine and initial precursors, such as phenylalanine and tyrosine, was observed.

ACS Style

Chang Ha Park; Ramaraj Sathasivam; Bao Van Nguyen; Seung-A Baek; Hyeon Ji Yeo; Ye Eun Park; Haeng Hoon Kim; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. Metabolic Profiling of Primary Metabolites and Galantamine Biosynthesis in Wounded Lycoris radiata Callus. Plants 2020, 9, 1616 .

AMA Style

Chang Ha Park, Ramaraj Sathasivam, Bao Van Nguyen, Seung-A Baek, Hyeon Ji Yeo, Ye Eun Park, Haeng Hoon Kim, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park. Metabolic Profiling of Primary Metabolites and Galantamine Biosynthesis in Wounded Lycoris radiata Callus. Plants. 2020; 9 (11):1616.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Ha Park; Ramaraj Sathasivam; Bao Van Nguyen; Seung-A Baek; Hyeon Ji Yeo; Ye Eun Park; Haeng Hoon Kim; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. 2020. "Metabolic Profiling of Primary Metabolites and Galantamine Biosynthesis in Wounded Lycoris radiata Callus." Plants 9, no. 11: 1616.

Journal article
Published: 23 September 2019 in Plants
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Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient important for the survival of plants. To investigate the effects of N deficiency, a time-course metabolic profiling of radish sprouts was performed. A total of 81 metabolites—including organic acids, inorganic acid, amino acids, sugars, sugar alcohols, amines, amide, sugar phosphates, policosanols, tocopherols, phytosterols, carotenoids, chlorophylls, and glucosinolates—were characterized. Principal component analysis and heat map showed distinction between samples grown under different N conditions, as well as with time. Using PathVisio, metabolic shift in biosynthetic pathways was visualized using the metabolite data obtained for 7 days. The amino acids associated with glucosinolates accumulated as an immediate response against –N condition. The synthesis of pigments and glucosinolates was decreased, but monosaccharides and γ-tocopherol were increased as antioxidants in radish sprouts grown in –N condition. These results indicate that in radish sprouts, response to N deficiency occurred quickly and dynamically. Thus, this metabolic phenotype reveals that radish responds quickly to N deficiency by increasing the content of soluble sugars and γ-tocopherol, which acts as a defense mechanism after the germination of radish seeds.

ACS Style

Seung-A Baek; Kyung-Hoan Im; Sang Un Park; Sung-Dug Oh; Jaehyuk Choi; Jae Kwang Kim. Dynamics of Short-Term Metabolic Profiling in Radish Sprouts (Raphanus sativus L.) in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency. Plants 2019, 8, 361 .

AMA Style

Seung-A Baek, Kyung-Hoan Im, Sang Un Park, Sung-Dug Oh, Jaehyuk Choi, Jae Kwang Kim. Dynamics of Short-Term Metabolic Profiling in Radish Sprouts (Raphanus sativus L.) in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency. Plants. 2019; 8 (10):361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung-A Baek; Kyung-Hoan Im; Sang Un Park; Sung-Dug Oh; Jaehyuk Choi; Jae Kwang Kim. 2019. "Dynamics of Short-Term Metabolic Profiling in Radish Sprouts (Raphanus sativus L.) in Response to Nitrogen Deficiency." Plants 8, no. 10: 361.

Journal article
Published: 29 August 2019 in Biology
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Lycoris radiata belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family and is a bulbous plant native to South Korea, China, and Japan. Galantamine, a representative alkaloid of Amaryllidaceae plants, including L. radiata, exhibits selective and dominant acetylcholinesterase inhibition. In spite of the economic and officinal importance of L. radiata, the molecular biological and biochemical information on L. radiata is relatively deficient. Therefore, this study provides functional information of L. radiata, describe galantamine biosynthesis in the various organs, and provide transcriptomic and metabolic datasets to support elucidation of galantamine biosynthesis pathway in future studies. The results of studies conducted in duplicate revealed the presence of a total of 325,609 and 404,019 unigenes, acquired from 9,913,869,968 and 10,162,653,038 raw reads, respectively, after trimming the raw reads using CutAdapt, assembly using Trinity package, and clustering using CD-Hit-EST. All of the assembled unigenes were aligned to the public databases, including National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) non-redundant protein (NR) and nucleotide (Nt) database, SWISS-PROT (UniProt) protein sequence data bank, The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR), the Swiss-Prot protein database, Gene Ontology (GO), and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) database to predict potential genes and provide their functional information. Based on our transcriptome data and published literatures, eight full-length cDNA clones encoding LrPAL2, LrPAL3, LrC4H2, LrC3H, LrTYDC2, LrNNR, LrN4OMT, and LrCYP96T genes, involved in galantamine biosynthesis, were identified in L. radiata. In order to investigate galantamine biosynthesis in different plant parts of L. radiata grown in a growth chamber, gene expression levels were measured through quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis using these identified genes and galantamine levels were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. The qRT-PCR data revealed high expression levels of LrNNR, LrN4OMT, and LrCYP96T in the bulbs, and, as expected, we observed higher amounts of galantamine in the bulbs than in the root and leaves. Additionally, a total of 40 hydrophilic metabolites were detected in the different organs using gas-chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. In particular, a strong positive correlation between galantamine and sucrose, which provides energy for the secondary metabolite biosynthesis, was observed.

ACS Style

Chang Ha Park; Hyeon Ji Yeo; Ye Eun Park; Seung-A Baek; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. Transcriptome Analysis and Metabolic Profiling of Lycoris Radiata. Biology 2019, 8, 63 .

AMA Style

Chang Ha Park, Hyeon Ji Yeo, Ye Eun Park, Seung-A Baek, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park. Transcriptome Analysis and Metabolic Profiling of Lycoris Radiata. Biology. 2019; 8 (3):63.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chang Ha Park; Hyeon Ji Yeo; Ye Eun Park; Seung-A Baek; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. 2019. "Transcriptome Analysis and Metabolic Profiling of Lycoris Radiata." Biology 8, no. 3: 63.

Journal article
Published: 11 January 2019 in Molecules
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Mentha species are well recognized for their medicinal and aromatic properties. The comprehensive metabolite profiles of nine Mentha species have been determined. The extracts of these Mentha species were also screened for antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities. Forty-seven hydrophilic and seventeen lipophilic compounds were identified and quantified from the selected Mentha species. Also, eleven phenolic compounds, riboflavin and eight carotenoids were present, and their composition and content varied among the various Mentha species. The different Mentha species exhibited a range of antioxidant potencies. Horse mint especially exhibited the strongest antioxidant capacities (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide, and reducing power assay) among the nine Mentha species. A difference between different samples from the same species was not observed by multivariate analysis. A high correlation between metabolites involved in closely linked biosynthetic pathways has been indicated. The projection to latent structure method, using the partial least squares (PLS) method, was applied to predict antioxidant capacities based on the metabolite profiles of Mentha leaves. According to the PLS analysis, several carotenoid contents, such as E-β-carotene, 9Z-β-carotene, 13Z-β-carotene and lutein, as well as phenolic compounds, showed a positive relationship in reducing the power of Mentha extracts. Horse mint is a good candidate because of its high antioxidant efficacy among the nine Mentha species included in the study.

ACS Style

Yun Ji Park; Seung-A Baek; Yongsoo Choi; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. Metabolic Profiling of Nine Mentha Species and Prediction of Their Antioxidant Properties Using Chemometrics. Molecules 2019, 24, 258 .

AMA Style

Yun Ji Park, Seung-A Baek, Yongsoo Choi, Jae Kwang Kim, Sang Un Park. Metabolic Profiling of Nine Mentha Species and Prediction of Their Antioxidant Properties Using Chemometrics. Molecules. 2019; 24 (2):258.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yun Ji Park; Seung-A Baek; Yongsoo Choi; Jae Kwang Kim; Sang Un Park. 2019. "Metabolic Profiling of Nine Mentha Species and Prediction of Their Antioxidant Properties Using Chemometrics." Molecules 24, no. 2: 258.

Original article
Published: 22 August 2018 in 3 Biotech
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Here, accumulation of glucosinolates and expression of glucosinolates biosynthesis genes in green and red mustard hairy roots were identified and quantified by HPLC and qRT-PCR analyses. The total glucosinolates content of green mustard hairy root (10.09 µg/g dry weight) was 3.88 times higher than that of red mustard hairy root. Indolic glucosinolates (glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, and neoglucobrassicin) in green mustard were found at 30.92, 6.95, and 5.29 times higher than in red mustard hairy root, respectively. Conversely, levels of glucotropaeolin (aromatic glucosinolate) was significantly higher in red mustard than in green mustard. Accumulation of glucoraphasatin, an aliphatic glucosinolate, was only observed only in red mustard hairy roots. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of genes related to aliphatic and aromatic glucosinolate biosynthesis were higher in red mustard, exception BjCYP83B. The expression of BjCYP79B2, which encodes a key enzyme involved in the indolic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, was higher in green mustard than in red mustard. Additionally, to further distinguish between green mustard and red mustard hairy roots, hydrophilic and lipophilic compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and subjected to principal component analysis. The results indicated that core primary metabolites and glucosinolate levels were higher in the hairy roots of green mustard than in those of red mustard.

ACS Style

Do Manh Cuong; Jae Kwang Kim; Sun Ju Bong; Seung A Baek; Jin Jeon; Jong Seok Park; Sang Un Park. Comparative analysis of glucosinolates and metabolite profiling of green and red mustard (brassica juncea) hairy roots. 3 Biotech 2018, 8, 382 .

AMA Style

Do Manh Cuong, Jae Kwang Kim, Sun Ju Bong, Seung A Baek, Jin Jeon, Jong Seok Park, Sang Un Park. Comparative analysis of glucosinolates and metabolite profiling of green and red mustard (brassica juncea) hairy roots. 3 Biotech. 2018; 8 (9):382.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Do Manh Cuong; Jae Kwang Kim; Sun Ju Bong; Seung A Baek; Jin Jeon; Jong Seok Park; Sang Un Park. 2018. "Comparative analysis of glucosinolates and metabolite profiling of green and red mustard (brassica juncea) hairy roots." 3 Biotech 8, no. 9: 382.

Journal article
Published: 15 May 2018 in Molecules
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Although drought stress is one of the most limiting factors in growth and production of Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis), the underlying biochemical and molecular causes are poorly understood. In the present study, to address the mechanisms underlying the drought responses, we analyzed the transcriptome profile of Chinese cabbage grown under drought conditions. Drought stress transcriptionally activated several transcription factor genes, including AP2/ERFs, bHLHs, NACs and bZIPs, and was found to possibly result in transcriptional variation in genes involved in organic substance metabolic processes. In addition, comparative expression analysis of selected BrbZIPs under different stress conditions suggested that drought-induced BrbZIPs are important for improving drought tolerance. Further, drought stress in Chinese cabbage caused differential acclimation responses in glucosinolate metabolism in leaves and roots. Analysis of stomatal aperture indicated that drought-induced accumulation of glucosinolates in leaves directly or indirectly controlled stomatal closure to prevent water loss, suggesting that organ-specific responses are essential for plant survival under drought stress condition. Taken together, our results provide information important for further studies on molecular mechanisms of drought tolerance in Chinese cabbage.

ACS Style

Seung Hee Eom; Seung-A Baek; Jae Kwang Kim; Tae Kyung Hyun. Transcriptome Analysis in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Provides the Role of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Response to Drought Stress. Molecules 2018, 23, 1186 .

AMA Style

Seung Hee Eom, Seung-A Baek, Jae Kwang Kim, Tae Kyung Hyun. Transcriptome Analysis in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Provides the Role of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Response to Drought Stress. Molecules. 2018; 23 (5):1186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Seung Hee Eom; Seung-A Baek; Jae Kwang Kim; Tae Kyung Hyun. 2018. "Transcriptome Analysis in Chinese Cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) Provides the Role of Glucosinolate Metabolism in Response to Drought Stress." Molecules 23, no. 5: 1186.