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Extensive research has suggested that new ventures’ growth rates lack persistence. However, existing studies tend not to differentiate between positive and negative growth rates or examine their respective persistence and dynamics. Building on performance feedback theory, we show that positive and negative growth rates exhibit different dynamics over time. Especially, negative growth rates are less likely to persist and more likely to reverse than positive ones. Furthermore, firm size and team size influence the persistence—or the lack of thereof—of both positive and negative growth rates. Specifically, new ventures that are smaller, as well as those managed by larger teams, are more likely to maintain positive growth and reverse negative growth, relative to their respective counterparts. Overall, this study suggests that positive and negative growth rates differ in their persistence and that new ventures can shape the dynamics of both positive and negative growth.
Yan Chen; Michael Song. The persistence and dynamics of new venture growth. Small Business Economics 2020, 1 -20.
AMA StyleYan Chen, Michael Song. The persistence and dynamics of new venture growth. Small Business Economics. 2020; ():1-20.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYan Chen; Michael Song. 2020. "The persistence and dynamics of new venture growth." Small Business Economics , no. : 1-20.
Our study explores the nature of big data–embedded new product development (NPD) and to what extent big data influences NPD project success. Using data collected from 558 NPD projects, our study shows that embedding big data in NPD processes promotes NPD project success, but the effects vary for the seven different stages of NPD. A data-driven culture—characterized by senior management’s emphasis on data-driven decision-making and a reward system for big data–embedded NPD—can promote the implementation of big data–embedded NPD. We offer specific recommendations for managers considering or implementing big data–embedded NPD.
Yufan Wang; Haili Zhang; Michael Song. Does Big Data–Embedded New Product Development Influence Project Success? Research-Technology Management 2020, 63, 35 -42.
AMA StyleYufan Wang, Haili Zhang, Michael Song. Does Big Data–Embedded New Product Development Influence Project Success? Research-Technology Management. 2020; 63 (4):35-42.
Chicago/Turabian StyleYufan Wang; Haili Zhang; Michael Song. 2020. "Does Big Data–Embedded New Product Development Influence Project Success?" Research-Technology Management 63, no. 4: 35-42.
Purpose While some studies have found that cognitive biases are detrimental to entrepreneurial performance, others have conjectured that cognitive biases may stimulate entrepreneurial action. This study uses a typology of availability and representative heuristics to examine how two patterns of biases affect entrepreneurial performance. Drawing on ideas from cognitive science, this study predicts that various levels of biases in each pattern stimulate entrepreneurial behavior and performance. Design/methodology/approach A profile-deviation approach was employed to analyze data from 253 entrepreneurs and zero-truncated Poisson regression and the zero-truncated negative binomial regression to test hypotheses. Findings This study finds some positive associations between a particular level of cognitive biases in each of the two patterns and entrepreneurial behavior and performance. Results show that the patterns of biases often stimulate and never hurt entrepreneurial behavior and performance. The opposite holds for a lack of cognitive biases, which hurts and never stimulates entrepreneurial behavior and performance. Originality/value This study examines patterns of cognitive biases of entrepreneurs instead of single biases. The study broadens the perspective on the heuristics and cognitive biases of entrepreneurs by examining patterns of biases emanating from the availability and the representativeness heuristic that make a difference for entrepreneurial behavior and performance. The study also brings the “great rationality debate” closer to the entrepreneurship field by showing that a normative rule based on statistics and probability theory does not benefit entrepreneurial behavior and performance.
Haili Zhang; Hans van der Bij; Michael Song. Can cognitive biases be good for entrepreneurs? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 2020, 26, 793 -813.
AMA StyleHaili Zhang, Hans van der Bij, Michael Song. Can cognitive biases be good for entrepreneurs? International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research. 2020; 26 (4):793-813.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaili Zhang; Hans van der Bij; Michael Song. 2020. "Can cognitive biases be good for entrepreneurs?" International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 26, no. 4: 793-813.
Service innovativeness is a key sustainable competitive advantage that increases sustainability of enterprise development. Literature suggests that big data and big data analytics capability (BDAC) enhance sustainable performance. Yet, no studies have examined how big data and BDAC affect service innovativeness. To fill this research gap, based on the information processing theory (IPT), we examine how fits and misfits between big data and BDAC affect service innovativeness. To increase cross-national generalizability of the study results, we collected data from 1403 new service development (NSD) projects in the United States, China and Singapore. Dummy regression method was used to test the model. The results indicate that for all three countries, high big data and high BDAC has the greatest effect on sustainable innovativeness. In China, fits are always better than misfits for creating sustainable innovativeness. In the U.S., high big data is always better for increasing sustainable innovativeness than low big data is. In contrast, in Singapore, high BDAC is always better for enhancing sustainable innovativeness than low BDAC is. This study extends the IPT and enriches cross-national research of big data and BDAC. We conclude the article with suggestions of research limitations and future research directions.
Michael Song; Haili Zhang; Jinjin Heng. Creating Sustainable Innovativeness through Big Data and Big Data Analytics Capability: From the Perspective of the Information Processing Theory. Sustainability 2020, 12, 1984 .
AMA StyleMichael Song, Haili Zhang, Jinjin Heng. Creating Sustainable Innovativeness through Big Data and Big Data Analytics Capability: From the Perspective of the Information Processing Theory. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (5):1984.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMichael Song; Haili Zhang; Jinjin Heng. 2020. "Creating Sustainable Innovativeness through Big Data and Big Data Analytics Capability: From the Perspective of the Information Processing Theory." Sustainability 12, no. 5: 1984.
There has been increased interest in studying how big data analytics capability (BDAC) and artificial intelligence capability (AIC) lead to sustainable innovation and performance. Yet, few studies have investigated how these two emerging capabilities affect the success of sustainability development projects through the mediating effects of the sustainability design and commercialization processes. Based on Day and Wensley’s theoretical framework for diagnosing competitive superiority, we propose a research model to investigate how sustainability design and commercialization mediate the relationships between two emerging capabilities and sustainable growth and performance. To test the proposed research model, we collected empirical data from 905 sustainability development projects from China and the United States. This study makes theoretical and managerial contributions to sustainable development theory. The study findings reveal several interesting results. First, BDAC and AIC not only increase the proficiency of sustainability design and commercialization but also directly enhance sustainable growth and performance. Second, sustainability design and commercialization mediate the positive effects of BDAC and AIC on sustainable growth and performance. Finally, the empirical analyses uncovered several cross-national differences. For sustainability design, BDAC is more important than AIC in the United States, while AIC is more important than BDAC in China.
Haili Zhang; Michael Song; Huanhuan He. Achieving the Success of Sustainability Development Projects through Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Capability. Sustainability 2020, 12, 949 .
AMA StyleHaili Zhang, Michael Song, Huanhuan He. Achieving the Success of Sustainability Development Projects through Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Capability. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (3):949.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaili Zhang; Michael Song; Huanhuan He. 2020. "Achieving the Success of Sustainability Development Projects through Big Data Analytics and Artificial Intelligence Capability." Sustainability 12, no. 3: 949.
The literature suggests that first-movers enjoy sustainable competitive advantages but suffer some disadvantages. The timing of new product introduction is a major decision for executives who are concerned about sustainability issues. These executives must simultaneously strive for environmental protection, social welfare, the timing of product introduction, and the economic viability of decisions. However, few academic studies have examined how executives balance sustainable first-mover advantages and sustainable development goals in order to achieve sustainable organizational growth and performance. This study develops nine research hypotheses to examine what sustainable advantages first-movers gain by being first to market sustainable products in five industries that are important for advancing sustainable development goals. Using data collected from 1437 executives who are concerned about sustainability issues in seven countries, this study uses Duncan multiple-range tests to examine cross-national similarities and differences between Asian and Western countries. The study results reveal some interesting cross-national similarities and differences. The cross-national differences suggest some competing and signaling strategies for sustainable enterprise development. This study contributes to the existing cross-national research on first-mover advantages, provides a richer understanding of how executives who are concerned about sustainability issues perceive sustainability first-mover advantages and disadvantages, and further expands the theory of sustainable innovation and entrepreneurship.
Haili Zhang; Michael Song. Do First-Movers in Marketing Sustainable Products Enjoy Sustainable Advantages? A Seven-Country Comparative Study. Sustainability 2020, 12, 450 .
AMA StyleHaili Zhang, Michael Song. Do First-Movers in Marketing Sustainable Products Enjoy Sustainable Advantages? A Seven-Country Comparative Study. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (2):450.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaili Zhang; Michael Song. 2020. "Do First-Movers in Marketing Sustainable Products Enjoy Sustainable Advantages? A Seven-Country Comparative Study." Sustainability 12, no. 2: 450.
Competitive intensity presents challenges to new ventures. Capabilities may lead to sustainable new venture performance. Yet, few studies have explored how competitive intensity moderates the effects of capabilities on sustainable new venture performance. Based on capability-based view, this study develops a research model to investigate how new ventures translate capabilities (marketing, technology, market-linking, and information technology capabilities) to achieve sustainability of new venture growth and performance under the different levels of competitive intensity. Using data collected from 146 U.S. new ventures, this study uses ordinary least squares regression analysis to test the research model and employs “pick-a-point” approach to examine how capabilities affect sustainable new venture performance at different levels of competitive intensity. The empirical results suggest that increasing competitive intensity decreases, not increases, the positive effects of marketing capabilities on performance. When competitive intensity is very high, the positive effects of marketing capabilities on performance become insignificant. In contrast, the positive effects of market-linking capabilities on performance increase, not decrease, as competitive intensity increases. For technology and information technology capabilities, there are no moderating effects of competitive intensity. The theoretical and managerial implications are suggested for sustainable entrepreneurship and sustainable development of new enterprises.
Haili Zhang; Yufan Wang; Michael Song. Does Competitive Intensity Moderate the Relationships between Sustainable Capabilities and Sustainable Organizational Performance in New Ventures? Sustainability 2019, 12, 253 .
AMA StyleHaili Zhang, Yufan Wang, Michael Song. Does Competitive Intensity Moderate the Relationships between Sustainable Capabilities and Sustainable Organizational Performance in New Ventures? Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):253.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaili Zhang; Yufan Wang; Michael Song. 2019. "Does Competitive Intensity Moderate the Relationships between Sustainable Capabilities and Sustainable Organizational Performance in New Ventures?" Sustainability 12, no. 1: 253.
This article examines perceived importance of sustainable technologies and how organizational buyers and individual buyers differ in their willingness to pay for sustainable technological innovations an emerging market. Extensive field research was conducted to develop the study measures. Using Weber’s step-by-step method of coding, we selected 24 sustainable technologies that are representative of the technological preferences and demands of truck drivers in China. We also conducted pretests with trucking company executives to improve the final survey instrument. We collected data from 510 organizational buyers and 2680 individual buyers. Results show that organizational buyers and individual buyers have similar preferences for 15 of the 24 sustainable technologies. The individual buyers have a significantly higher preference than organizational buyers for sustainable technologies, such as comfort, image, and service attributes. However, the study findings suggest that organizational buyers have a greater preference in the total cost of ownership dimension. Through content analysis of survey responses in China, we identified the most influential and popular sustainable technology in the business-to-business trucking industry in emerging markets, such as China. Our research expands the application of sustainable buying behavior theory to the trucking industry in an emerging market. We suggest management and marketing strategies to sustainable development of trucking industry.
Haili Zhang; Michael Song; XiaoMing Yang; Ping Li. What are Important Technologies for Sustainable Development in the Trucking Industries of Emerging Markets? Differences between Organizational and Individual Buyers. Sustainability 2019, 12, 224 .
AMA StyleHaili Zhang, Michael Song, XiaoMing Yang, Ping Li. What are Important Technologies for Sustainable Development in the Trucking Industries of Emerging Markets? Differences between Organizational and Individual Buyers. Sustainability. 2019; 12 (1):224.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaili Zhang; Michael Song; XiaoMing Yang; Ping Li. 2019. "What are Important Technologies for Sustainable Development in the Trucking Industries of Emerging Markets? Differences between Organizational and Individual Buyers." Sustainability 12, no. 1: 224.
Literature suggests that big data is a new competitive advantage and that it enhance organizational performance. Yet, previous empirical research has provided conflicting results. Building on the resource-based view and the organizational inertia theory, we develop a model to investigate how big data and big data analytics capability affect innovation success. We show that there is a trade-off between big data and big data analytics capability and that optimal balance of big data depends upon levels of big data analytics capability. We conduct a four-year empirical research project to secure empirical data on 1109 data-driven innovation projects from the United States and China. This research is the first time reporting the empirical results. The study findings reveal several surprising results that challenge traditional views of the importance of big data in innovation. For U.S. innovation projects, big data has an inverted U-shaped relationship with sales growth. Big data analytics capability exerts a positive moderating effect, that is, the stronger this capability is, the greater the impact of big data on sales growth and gross margin. For Chinese innovation projects, when big data resource is low, promoting big data analytics capability increases sales growth and gross margin up to a certain point; developing big data analytics capability beyond that point may actually inhibit innovation performance. Our findings provide guidance to firms on making strategic decisions regarding resource allocations for big data and big data analytics capability.
Shengbin Hao; Haili Zhang; Michael Song. Big Data, Big Data Analytics Capability, and Sustainable Innovation Performance. Sustainability 2019, 11, 7145 .
AMA StyleShengbin Hao, Haili Zhang, Michael Song. Big Data, Big Data Analytics Capability, and Sustainable Innovation Performance. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (24):7145.
Chicago/Turabian StyleShengbin Hao; Haili Zhang; Michael Song. 2019. "Big Data, Big Data Analytics Capability, and Sustainable Innovation Performance." Sustainability 11, no. 24: 7145.
Past studies have suggested that social capital is a sustainable competitive advantage that leads to sustainable organizational growth and performance. However, few studies have explored how innovation speed moderates the relationship between social capital and sustainable organizational performance in China where the government plays key roles in promoting sustainable development goals. This paper develops a “social capital-innovation speed-performance” framework to investigate the mechanism of social capital influencing innovation speed, which in turn affects sustainable organizational growth and performance. Based on data collected from 125 Chinese firms, hierarchical moderated regression analyses indicate that structural social capital positively affects sustainable organizational performance but has no significant impact on sustainable innovation speed; relational social capital has no significant impact on sustainable organizational performance and is negatively correlated with innovation speed; cognitive social capital positively correlates with sustainable organizational performance and affects innovation speed, and government ties affect sustainable organizational performance and positively impact innovation speed. The study findings suggest that in China, increasing government ties is the most important social capital in creating sustainable organizational growth and performance. Both cognitive social capital and government ties are conducive to accelerating innovation speed, which gives firms a sustainable competitive advantage to achieve sustainable organizational performance.
Xiaotang Zhang; Haili Zhang; Michael Song. Does Social Capital Increase Innovation Speed? Empirical Evidence from China. Sustainability 2019, 11, 6432 .
AMA StyleXiaotang Zhang, Haili Zhang, Michael Song. Does Social Capital Increase Innovation Speed? Empirical Evidence from China. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (22):6432.
Chicago/Turabian StyleXiaotang Zhang; Haili Zhang; Michael Song. 2019. "Does Social Capital Increase Innovation Speed? Empirical Evidence from China." Sustainability 11, no. 22: 6432.
Previous research has implied that past performance and organizational aspiration may have an important effect on the sustainable growth of organizational performance. Under the conditions of environmental jolts, their relationships are more complicated to discern. However, few studies have undertaken this investigation. Using data from 183 U.S. firms, this study proposes and tests a theoretical model of the relationships between past performance, organizational aspiration, and organizational performance at different environmental jolt levels. Through hierarchical regression analysis, the empirical findings suggest that low levels of environmental jolt weaken the positive relationship between organizational aspiration and organizational performance, while high levels of environmental jolt magnify the positive influence of past performance on organizational performance. Most importantly, the empirical findings reveal that at low levels of environmental jolt, past performance has no effect on organizational performance, while organizational aspiration has no effect on organizational performance when the level of environmental jolt is high. These interesting findings provide some implications for managers and enrich the theory of sustainable development.
Chunjia Hu; Haili Zhang; Michael Song; Dapeng Liang. Past Performance, Organizational Aspiration, and Organizational Performance: The Moderating Effect of Environmental Jolts. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4217 .
AMA StyleChunjia Hu, Haili Zhang, Michael Song, Dapeng Liang. Past Performance, Organizational Aspiration, and Organizational Performance: The Moderating Effect of Environmental Jolts. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (15):4217.
Chicago/Turabian StyleChunjia Hu; Haili Zhang; Michael Song; Dapeng Liang. 2019. "Past Performance, Organizational Aspiration, and Organizational Performance: The Moderating Effect of Environmental Jolts." Sustainability 11, no. 15: 4217.